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Current Utilization of Qualitative Methodologies in Dermatology: A Scoping Review. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100172. [PMID: 36891031 PMCID: PMC9986021 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review was to determine how qualitative methods are used in dermatology research and whether published manuscripts meet current standards for qualitative research. A scoping review of manuscripts published in English between January 1, 2016 and September 22, 2021 was conducted. A coding document was developed to collect information on authors, methodology, participants, research theme, and the presence of quality criteria as outlined by the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Manuscripts were included if they described original qualitative research about dermatologic conditions or topics of primary interest to dermatology. An adjacency search yielded 372 manuscripts, and after screening, 134 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies utilized interviews or focus groups, and researchers predominantly selected participants on the basis of disease status, including over 30 common and rare dermatologic conditions. Research themes frequently included patient experience of disease, development of patient-reported outcomes, and descriptions of provider and caregiver experiences. Although most authors explained their analysis and sampling strategy and included empirical data, few referenced qualitative data reporting standards. Missed opportunities for qualitative methods in dermatology include examination of health disparities, exploration of surgical and cosmetic dermatology experiences, and determination of the lived experience of and provider attitudes toward diverse patient populations.
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Rabone C, Wallace V. A thematic analysis exploring the psychological well-being of adults born with esophageal atresia. J Psychosom Res 2021; 145:110474. [PMID: 33863505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living with a rare and chronic health condition can have a significant impact on psychological well-being and mental health. There is a growing understanding that Esophageal Atresia (EA), a rare birth defect often accompanied by a Trachea-Esophageal Fistula (TEF), is a complex health condition that requires lifelong medical attention beyond pediatric care into adulthood. Given the reciprocal relationship between one's physical and psychological well-being, the aim of this study was to develop a better understanding of the mental health of adults born with EA/TEF. METHODS An international online survey was designed and disseminated in collaboration with an EA/TEF patient charity. The qualitative data was analyzed using a reflexive and inductive Thematic Analysis to explore the research question "How can being born with EA/TEF affect psychological well-being in adulthood?" RESULTS A total of 92 adults born with EA/TEF completed the online survey from 11 different counties. Five themes were generated during the analysis: 'Negative Experience with Healthcare Professionals', 'The Perception of Surgical Scars', 'The Psychosocial Consequences of Dysphagia', 'The Legacy of Medical Trauma', and 'Resilience in the Face of Adversity'. CONCLUSION The results indicated that adults born with EA/TEF might face emotional challenges that can negatively affect their psychological well-being and mental health. It was also found that some adults born with EA/TEF demonstrate resilience through positive reappraisal of adverse experiences. The current study suggests that a multidisciplinary approach to the care of adults born with EA/TEF is necessary and directions for future research are discussed.
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DiRenzo DD, Smith TR, Frech TM, Shah AA, Pauling JD. Effect of Coping Strategies on Patient and Physician Perceptions of Disease Severity and Disability in Systemic Sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2021; 48:1569-1573. [PMID: 33934078 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.201612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc) results in impaired function, disability, and reduced health-related quality of life. We investigated the effect of coping strategies on the patient global assessment of health (PtGA) and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), after controlling for clinical characteristics and disease activity. We also explored the relationship between coping strategies and the correlation between the PtGA and physician global assessment (PGA) in SSc. METHODS We undertook posthoc analyses using baseline data obtained from the Raynaud Symptom Study (RSS). The PtGA, Coping Strategies Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire were collected alongside the PGA, clinical characteristics, and patient demographics. Multivariable linear regression models and correlations were used to evaluate the relationship between coping strategies with the PtGA, HAQ-DI, and PGA. RESULTS Of the 107 patients with SSc enrolled in the RSS, there were sufficient data available for the analysis of 91 participants. The mean PtGA was 40/100 (SD 27) and the mean HAQ-DI was 0.87/3.0 (SD 0.73). After controlling for clinical and patient demographics, pain catastrophizing and maladaptive coping skills were significantly associated with the PtGA and HAQ-DI scores (P < 0.05 for both), but not the PGA. CONCLUSION The effect of coping strategies on PtGA and HAQ-DI (but not PGA in SSc) could influence the result of composite measures incorporating these outcome measures. Interventions to improve patient coping skills may support increased resilience and improve patient-perceived functional status and PtGA in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana D DiRenzo
- DDD is supported by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation. D.D. DiRenzo, MD, MHS, A.A. Shah, MD, MHS, Johns Hopkins Division of Rheumatology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; T.R. Smith, PhD, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK; T.M. Frech, MD, MS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; J.D. Pauling, BMedSci, BMBS, PhD, FRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (at Royal United Hospitals), and Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK. A.A. Shah and J.D. Pauling are joint senior authors. The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.D. Pauling, Consultant Rheumatologist & Senior Lecturer, Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (part of the Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust), Combe Park, Avon, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK. . Accepted for publication April 14, 2021
| | - Theresa R Smith
- DDD is supported by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation. D.D. DiRenzo, MD, MHS, A.A. Shah, MD, MHS, Johns Hopkins Division of Rheumatology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; T.R. Smith, PhD, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK; T.M. Frech, MD, MS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; J.D. Pauling, BMedSci, BMBS, PhD, FRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (at Royal United Hospitals), and Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK. A.A. Shah and J.D. Pauling are joint senior authors. The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.D. Pauling, Consultant Rheumatologist & Senior Lecturer, Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (part of the Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust), Combe Park, Avon, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK. . Accepted for publication April 14, 2021
| | - Tracy M Frech
- DDD is supported by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation. D.D. DiRenzo, MD, MHS, A.A. Shah, MD, MHS, Johns Hopkins Division of Rheumatology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; T.R. Smith, PhD, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK; T.M. Frech, MD, MS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; J.D. Pauling, BMedSci, BMBS, PhD, FRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (at Royal United Hospitals), and Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK. A.A. Shah and J.D. Pauling are joint senior authors. The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.D. Pauling, Consultant Rheumatologist & Senior Lecturer, Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (part of the Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust), Combe Park, Avon, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK. . Accepted for publication April 14, 2021
| | - Ami A Shah
- DDD is supported by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation. D.D. DiRenzo, MD, MHS, A.A. Shah, MD, MHS, Johns Hopkins Division of Rheumatology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; T.R. Smith, PhD, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK; T.M. Frech, MD, MS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; J.D. Pauling, BMedSci, BMBS, PhD, FRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (at Royal United Hospitals), and Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK. A.A. Shah and J.D. Pauling are joint senior authors. The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.D. Pauling, Consultant Rheumatologist & Senior Lecturer, Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (part of the Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust), Combe Park, Avon, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK. . Accepted for publication April 14, 2021
| | - John D Pauling
- DDD is supported by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation. D.D. DiRenzo, MD, MHS, A.A. Shah, MD, MHS, Johns Hopkins Division of Rheumatology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; T.R. Smith, PhD, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK; T.M. Frech, MD, MS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; J.D. Pauling, BMedSci, BMBS, PhD, FRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (at Royal United Hospitals), and Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK. A.A. Shah and J.D. Pauling are joint senior authors. The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.D. Pauling, Consultant Rheumatologist & Senior Lecturer, Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (part of the Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust), Combe Park, Avon, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK. . Accepted for publication April 14, 2021
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Condon SE, Roesch SC, Clements PJ, Furst DE, Weisman MH, Malcarne VL. Coping profiles and health outcomes among individuals with systemic sclerosis: A latent profile analysis approach. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2020; 5:231-236. [DOI: 10.1177/2397198320930138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Systemic sclerosis has negative implications for quality of life, and coping is a mechanism by which individuals can adapt more successfully to illness. This study (1) identified coping profiles in patients with systemic sclerosis and (2) examined distress and disability correlates of the profiles. Methods: A sample of 93 patients with confirmed diagnoses of systemic sclerosis received clinical examinations and reported on coping, psychological distress, and health-related disability. Latent profile analysis was used to identify coping-based profile groups. The profile groups were then compared on psychological distress and health-related disability, controlling for disease severity. Results: A two-profile solution was supported: Active Copers emphasized problem-focused, social support, counting blessings, and religious approaches to coping with systemic sclerosis. Passive Copers emphasized blaming self and others, avoidance, and wishful thinking approaches to coping. Active Copers reported significantly less psychological distress than Passive Copers, but no significant differences were found for health-related disability. Discussion: The findings identify multidimensional patterns of coping that are differentially related to psychological distress in systemic sclerosis patients. These findings can inform coping-based interventions for patients with systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E Condon
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott C Roesch
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Philip J Clements
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Furst
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michael H Weisman
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa L Malcarne
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Khanna D, Allanore Y, Denton CP, Matucci-Cerinic M, Pope J, Hinzmann B, Davies S, de Oliveira Pena J, Distler O. Patient perception of disease burden in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2019; 5:66-76. [PMID: 35382406 PMCID: PMC8922591 DOI: 10.1177/2397198319866615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Systemic sclerosis is a rare multi-organ autoimmune rheumatic disease,
resulting in progressive fibrosis of the skin/internal organs. This study
aimed to understand the impact of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
symptoms and disease burden from the patient’s perspective. Methods: This was a mixed methodology, market research study involving ethnography,
structured interviews, video diaries, and patient tasks. Patients had been
diagnosed with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis for ⩾ 6 months and were
recruited via healthcare professionals or patient associations (France,
Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Patients filmed short
(~15 min) daily video diaries about their lives over 7 days and participated
in ethnographic sessions, patient tasks, and structured video interviews. In
Germany and Spain, patients participated in 60-min telephone interviews. Results: Twenty-three patients (mean age: 54 years; 83% women; minimum disease
duration: 6 months) participated in the study. Time to diagnosis was
prolonged, as patients overlooked their symptoms and some healthcare
professionals attributed symptoms to other causes. Patients rarely received
additional information or support services at diagnosis. Importantly,
although patients were aware of the seriousness of organ involvement, they
reported that skin changes, pain, and fatigue impaired their ability to
perform routine tasks. Patients had a high prescription treatment burden
(mean: 10 tablets/day; up to >25 tablets/day) with additional
non-prescription medication taken for other comorbidities. Treatment
discontinuation was common due to side effects. Patients experienced diffuse
cutaneous systemic sclerosis as a loss of independence and self-esteem.
Moreover, patients tended to have small support networks, and emotional
support services were not offered as standard care. Conclusion: Patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis had high treatment and
disease burdens, with skin changes, pain, and fatigue profoundly affecting
their lives. There is an unmet need for patient information at the time of
diagnosis and emotional support services throughout the patient’s journey
with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Based on the results of this
study, we provide recommendations for improving diffuse cutaneous systemic
sclerosis care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Rheumatology A Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero – Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Janet Pope
- University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Milette K, Thombs BD, Dewez S, Körner A, Peláez S. Scleroderma patient perspectives on social support from close social relationships. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:1588-1598. [PMID: 30761932 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1531151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: People with rare diseases must cope with many physical and psychological challenges; an endeavor that can be difficult to carry out without external support. The purpose of this study was to understand how patients with scleroderma perceive the social support they need and receive from close relationships to better manage their disease.Method: Four focus groups with patients (N = 19) were conducted. A semi-structured topic guide was used. Discussions were recorded and transcribed, and thematic analysis was performed.Results: Patients reported receiving emotional, informational, and instrumental support, with emotional support being a priority for them. Patients also referred to relational factors (i.e., communication style, active engagement, complementarity) that affected the social support received. More specifically, engaging in honest communication, carefully choosing sources of support, and having close relationships motivated to learn and get involved enhanced support. In contrast, patients who avoided interacting with others or speaking about scleroderma and close relationships with a lack understanding or involvement hindered support.Conclusions: Patients might benefit more from interventions aiming at coping with scleroderma as a collective. Findings from this study help better understand the unique experiences of scleroderma patients while receiving support from close relationships.Implications for RehabilitationPeople with scleroderma may benefit from receiving different types of support from their close social relationships, including emotional, informational, and instrumental support.Professionals working in the area of rehabilitation should encourage patients to identify close social relationships who have specialized knowledge and skills (e.g., comfort looking for resources and information on the Internet) to help them cope better with the challenges associated with scleroderma.As part of the proposed treatment, rehabilitation professionals should encourage patients to actively communicate their social support needs to close social relationships, as well as maintain an open and honest line of communication with them, which will improve their capacity to understand the patient and provide appropriate support.Rehabilitation professionals may support people with scleroderma by encouraging them to seek support from their close social relationships, but also by providing these close relationship with information and supportive services to learn new skills and better cope with their own distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Milette
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sébastien Dewez
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Annett Körner
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sandra Peláez
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Milette K, Thombs BD, Maiorino K, Nielson WR, Körner A, Peláez S. Challenges and strategies for coping with scleroderma: implications for a scleroderma-specific self-management program. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:2506-2515. [PMID: 29741963 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1470263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore challenges faced by patients with systemic sclerosis, also called scleroderma, in coping with their disease and the strategies they used to face those challenges. Method: Five focus groups were held with scleroderma patients (4 groups, n = 34) and health care professionals who have experience treating scleroderma (1 group, n = 8). Participants' discussions were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants reported challenges accessing information (e.g., knowledgeable specialists), dealing with negative emotions (e.g., stress due to misunderstandings with loved ones), and accessing resources (e.g., helpful products or devices). Strategies for overcoming challenges were also discussed (e.g., advocating for own needs). Conclusion: When faced with significant challenges while coping with scleroderma, patients develop strategies to manage better and improve their quality of life. To help them cope, patients would benefit from easier access to supportive interventions, including tailored scleroderma self-management programs. Although the challenges experienced by patients with scleroderma are unique, findings from this study might help better understand patients' perspectives regarding coping and disease management for other chronic diseases as well. Implications for Rehabilitation People living with rare diseases, including the rare autoimmune disease scleroderma, face unique challenges and often do not have access to disease-specific educational or other support resources. People with scleroderma report that they face challenges in accessing information, including knowledgeable healthcare providers; managing difficult social interactions and negative emotions; and accessing resources. Strategies employed by scleroderma patients to overcome these challenges include seeking connections to other people with scleroderma or scleroderma patient organizations, actively seeking out local resources, and learning to communicate and advocate more effectively. Rehabilitation professionals can support people with scleroderma by providing them with information on connecting with scleroderma patient organizations or by facilitating local patient support networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Milette
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital , Montréal , Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University , Montréal , Canada
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital , Montréal , Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University , Montréal , Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University , Montréal , Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University , Montréal , Canada
| | - Kristina Maiorino
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University , Montréal , Canada
| | - Warren R Nielson
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Lawson Health Research Institute , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Annett Körner
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital , Montréal , Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University , Montréal , Canada
| | - Sandra Peláez
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital , Montréal , Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University , Montréal , Canada
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