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Xu W, Hu D, Chen H, Li N, Feng X, Hu M, Cao F, Jin B, Zhang C. Quality of working life and adaptability of returning to work in nurse cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:226. [PMID: 38478116 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between quality of working life (QWL) and adaptability of returning to work (RTW) among nurse cancer survivors (NCSs). METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional study on nurses previously diagnosed with cancer. QWL was quantified using the Quality of Working Life Scale (QWL7-32), and the level of RTW adaptability was assessed using the Adaptability of Returning to Work for Cancer Survivors (ARTW-CS) scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to control for confounding factors, and a simple effect analysis was performed on the interaction term. RESULTS After controlling for sociodemographic, work-related, and health-related factors, the findings indicated a significant correlation between "adaptation and planning" and QWL score (p < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that "RTW gradualness" and "support seeking" had an interaction effect (p = 0.021). The simple effect analysis demonstrated that when the "RTW gradualness" score was ≥ 16 points, nurses with a high "support seeking" score (≥ 7 points) exhibited a significantly better QWL than those with a low "support seeking" score (< 7 points) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The interaction between "RTW gradualness" and "support seeking" in the ARTW-CS scale significantly impacted the QWL of the NCSs, underscoring the importance of implementing a gradual career plan and seeking support to enhance QWL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danhong Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaoye Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuxiao Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bixia Jin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Greidanus MA, Porro B. The cancer survivor-Manager dyad during the return-to-work process: An introduction with theoretical, conceptual, and methodological considerations. Psychooncology 2023; 32:1359-1362. [PMID: 37469255 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need for tailored interventions aimed at promoting the sustainable return to work (RTW) of cancer survivors. As managers have a primary role in supporting cancer survivors to return to work, a better understanding of the "cancer survivor-manager" dyadic process is much needed. The aim of this paper is to introduce the cancer survivor-manager dyad in the context of RTW of cancer survivors, and to inform future studies by presenting theoretical, conceptual, and methodological considerations. CONCLUSIONS Different theoretical, conceptual, and methodological aspects are addressed that open new perspectives concerning the cancer survivor-manager dyad. Among the theoretical and conceptual aspects, we highlight the interest of developing dyadic coping models specific to the cancer survivor-manager dyad. This would allow the conceptualization of their interpersonal dynamics and to frame interventions aimed at supporting cancer survivors and managers. In addition, we encourage to study in more detail the quality of the relationship between the cancer survivor and manager, including its impact on work-related outcomes of the cancer survivor. Methodologically, the actor-partner interdependence model could be relevant to identify any interdependence in the cancer survivor-manager dyad. We also recommend using longitudinal and prospective studies to investigate the cancer survivor-manager dyad, as these studies are well suited to identify evolutive and dynamic aspects of the cancer survivor-manager dyad. Lastly, we propose a recruitment strategy of the dyad by involving a trustworthy third party, to respect the ethical framework, and the privacy and voluntary choice of cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Greidanus
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bertrand Porro
- Univ. Angers, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), Angers, France
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest (ICO), Angers, France
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Corbière M, Charette-Dussault É, Larivière N. Recognition During the Return-to-Work Process in Workers with Common Mental Disorders. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:486-505. [PMID: 36462069 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Considering worker's perspective, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to document the meaning of the experience of recognition in the return to work (RTW) process of work after a sick leave due to a common mental disorder (CMD) and (2) to investigate the phenomenon of recognition for workers in the process of RTW after a sick leave due to a CMD, by evaluating the presence or absence of marks of recognition from salient RTW stakeholders stemming from different systems. Methods The Relational Caring Inquiry phenomenological method was used to explore the meaning of recognition during the return-to-work process and marks of recognition in a group of 20 workers who returned to their employment after a sick leave due to a CMD. In depth individual interviews were conducted with each participant. Results The definition of recognition that emerged from workers experiencing the RTW process is related to the behaviours and attitudes of various stakeholders, stemming from the work, health, insurance and social systems that allow them to feel appreciated, valued and respected, throughout the RTW process. Recognition was most often described as showing support, trust, respect for recovery and pace, and providing positive feedback. Conclusion The findings from this study could serve as guidelines in organizations regarding the RTW process, and in particular clarifying the roles and actions that different stakeholders could take in the workplace to stimulate expressions of meaningful recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Corbière
- Department of Education and Pedagogy - Career Counseling, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Research Center of the Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Élyse Charette-Dussault
- Research Center of the Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadine Larivière
- Research Center of the Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Halpern MT, de Moor JS, Han X, Zhao J, Zheng Z, Yabroff KR. Association of Employment Disruptions and Financial Hardship Among Individuals Diagnosed with Cancer in the United States: Findings from a Nationally Representative Study. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1830-1839. [PMID: 37705562 PMCID: PMC10496757 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Financial hardship (FH), defined as adverse patient effects due to cancer costs, is experienced by approximately half of individuals diagnosed with cancer. Many individuals diagnosed with cancer also experience disruptions with their employment. This study examines associations of employment disruptions and FH among a nationally representative sample of individuals diagnosed with cancer in the United States. We utilized 2016/2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Experiences with Cancer data from individuals who worked for pay following cancer diagnosis. Employment disruption included taking extended paid time off work; switching to part-time/less demanding jobs; and/or retiring early due to cancer diagnosis/treatment. FH domains included: material (e.g., borrowing money/financial sacrifices); psychologic (e.g., worrying about medical bills/income); and behavioral (delaying/forgoing healthcare services because of cost). Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined associations of employment disruption and FH. Among 732 individuals with a cancer history, 47.4% experienced employment disruptions; 55.9% experienced any FH. Any FH was significantly more common among individuals with versus without employment disruptions across multiple measures and domains (68.7% vs. 44.5%; P value of difference <0.0001). Individuals with employment disruptions were more likely to have any FH [OR, 2.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62-3.52] and more FHs (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.96-3.89]. This study highlights that employment disruptions are common and significantly associated with multiple domains of FH among individuals with a cancer history. Employer workplace accommodation, physician discussions regarding potential impacts of cancer care on employment, and other policies to minimize employment disruptions among individuals diagnosed with cancer may reduce FH in this vulnerable population. Significance Individuals diagnosed with cancer may have employment disruptions; they may also develop FHs. People with cancer who have employment changes are more likely to also have FHs. Physicians and employers can help individuals with cancer through advancing planning, workplace assistance, and improved medical leave and insurance policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xuesong Han
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jingxuan Zhao
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - K. Robin Yabroff
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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Porro B, Tamminga SJ, de Boer AGEM, Petit A, Roquelaure Y, Greidanus MA. Identification of actions to be taken by managers to facilitate the return to work of cancer survivors: Consensus between managers and cancer survivors. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1905. [PMID: 36224592 PMCID: PMC9555691 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Managers are considered to be main stakeholders in the return to work (RTW) of cancer survivors. However, the perspectives of cancer survivors and managers differ on what managerial actions should be taken during the RTW of cancer survivors. This difference might put effective collaboration and successful RTW at risk. Therefore, this study aims to reach consensus among managers and cancer survivors on the managerial actions to be taken during the four different RTW phases of cancer survivors (i.e., Disclosure, Treatment, RTW plan, Actual RTW). Methods The Technique for Research of Information by Animation of a Group of Experts (TRIAGE) was implemented with managers and cancer survivors (hereafter referred to as “experts”). An initial list of 24 actions was derived from a previous study. Firstly, for each action, fifteen experts were asked to indicate individually how important this action is per RTW phase (Likert scale from 1 – “Not important at all” to 6 – “Very important”). Consensus was reached when ≥ 80% (i.e., ≥ twelve experts) of the experts rated that action ≥5. Secondly, for each phase of the RTW process, the 15 actions with the highest percentage were discussed with eight experts during the collective consultation, except for the actions that already reached consensus. After discussion, the experts voted whether each action was important (“yes” / “no”) and consensus required ≥ 87.5% (i.e., ≥ seven experts) of the experts to consider an action as important. Results Twenty-five managerial actions were finally retained for at least one of the RTW phases, e.g., Disclosure: “respect privacy” and “radiate a positive attitude”, Treatment: “show appreciation” and “allow sufficient sick leave”, RTW Plan: “tailor” and “communicate”, and Actual RTW: “support practically” and “balance interest”. Conclusion Cancer survivors and managers reached consensus on the importance of 25 managerial actions, distributed into each phase of the RTW process. These actions should be considered an interplay of managerial actions by different stakeholders on the part of the employer (e.g., direct supervisor, HR-manager), and should be a responsibility that is shared by these stakeholders. The collective implementation of these actions within the company will help cancer survivors feel fully supported. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14271-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Porro
- Univ. Angers, CHU Angers, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France.
| | - S J Tamminga
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A G E M de Boer
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Petit
- Univ. Angers, CHU Angers, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Y Roquelaure
- Univ. Angers, CHU Angers, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - M A Greidanus
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yagil D, Cohen M. The role of perceived supervisor resistance in successful work sustainability among cancer survivors. Work 2022; 73:203-210. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research has indicated that managerial contact with cancer survivors during a long absence from work is related to cancer survivors’ inclination to return to work. OBJECTIVE: The present study explored the roles of cancer survivors’ perception of supervisor resistance to return to work (RTW) and symptom severity in the relationship between supervisor-initiated contact during the cancer survivors’ absence from work and successful work sustainability (SWS). METHODS: Israeli cancer survivors (N = 149) who had been working at least 6 months after the termination of treatment completed online questionnaires. The scales measured frequency of contact, perceived supervisor resistance to RTW, SWS, and symptom severity. To test the relationship between perceived and actual resistance, a partial sample of the cancer survivors’ direct supervisors (N = 49) reported their resistance to RTW of cancer survivors. RESULTS: The results show that perceived supervisor resistance mediated the relationship between supervisor-initiated contact during absence and SWS. Symptom severity moderated the negative effect of perceived supervisor resistance on SWS: The relationship was stronger for cancer survivors experiencing severe symptoms. Cancer survivors’ perception of supervisor resistance to RTW was positively related to their supervisors’ self-report of resistance. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the need for clear guidelines and managerial training programs regarding contact and communication with cancer survivors during long absences from work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Yagil
- Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Miri Cohen
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
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Understanding Cancer Survivors’ Needs and Experiences Returning to Work Post-Treatment: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:3013-3025. [PMID: 35621635 PMCID: PMC9139703 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to understand Canadian cancer survivors’ experiences during the return-to-work (RTW) process. Methods: A prospective qualitative longitudinal design was employed using the principles of phenomenological inquiry. Cancer survivors took part in three in-depth interviews: at the end of treatment, and 3 and 9 months after the first interview. Transcripts were analyzed using constant comparative analysis, guided by the Cancer and Work model. Results: A total of 38 in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 participants. The resultant themes were: (1) supports received or desired to enable RTW; (2) others’ limited understanding of the long-term impacts of a cancer diagnosis and its treatment; (3) worries and self-doubts about returning to work; and (4) changing perspectives on life and work after cancer. Conclusions: Cancer patients returning to work after treatment often experience challenges throughout the process, including varying levels of support from others and a range of ongoing effects and motivation to RTW. There is a clear gap in terms of the professional supports available to these individuals. Future research should focus on investigating how to improve both quality and accessibility of supports in a way that is personalized to the individual.
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Yagil D, Goldblatt H, Cohen M. Family members' experiences of the return to work of cancer survivors. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:184-192. [PMID: 33852745 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although family members play an important role in various aspects of coping with cancer and are significantly affected by it, little is known about their perspectives regarding return to work (RTW). This study explored attitudes and experiences of cancer survivors' family members related to cancer survivors' RTW. The present study consists of a qualitative research design, employing in-depth semistructured interviews with first-degree family members (N = 21) of cancer survivors who were approached through online social networks: spouses, children, parents and siblings. Grounded theory techniques were used for data analysis. Four themes emerged from the interviews: (a) the family's cautious voice in return-to-work decision making; (b) work-home imbalance; (c) inhibiting or promoting the effect of work on the recovery process and (d) expectations and appreciation of unconditional workplace support. The findings suggest that psychosocial and health care professionals should help family members play an active role in the decision of RTW. Professionals should also prepare family members for potential costs of RTW for the family and help them develop realistic expectations regarding workplace support of the cancer survivor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Yagil
- Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadass Goldblatt
- Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Miri Cohen
- Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Small SP, de Boer C, Swab M. Barriers to and facilitators of labor market engagement for individuals with chronic physical illnesses in their experiences with work disability policy: a qualitative systematic review. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 20:348-536. [PMID: 34669686 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-20-00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to identify and synthesize the best available evidence to address two questions. From the perspectives of individuals with chronic physical illnesses: i) what are barriers in work disability policies with respect to labor market engagement? and ii) what are facilitators in work disability policies with respect to labor market engagement? INTRODUCTION Chronic physical illnesses have a high and increasing prevalence worldwide and are associated with significant disability in the working-age population. Individuals with chronic illnesses and disability have low employment and high unemployment rates, and low wages. Work disability policies have important role in reducing negative labor market impacts, but inadequate policies may also pose barriers to work engagement. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review included studies of individuals who were of working age, had one or more chronic physical illness, and had experience relevant to disability policy and work engagement. The phenomena of interest were perceived barriers and perceived facilitators in work disability policies with respect to labor market engagement. The context was any study setting globally. Studies considered for this review had qualitative data from a variety of methodologies. METHODS This review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. A literature search involved academic databases (ie, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, AgeLine, SocINDEX, Social Work Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts) for published studies; gray literature sources (ie, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, MedNar, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, OAIster, Google, and relevant websites) for unpublished studies; and reference lists of retrieved records. No language, date, or country limiters were applied to the searches. Retrieved records from the database and gray literature searches were screened, with potentially relevant records then examined in full against the inclusion criteria. Eligible studies were critically appraised for methodological quality and those included in this review were subjected to data extraction of descriptive details and the study findings that were relevant to the review questions. Study findings were synthesized and were assigned confidence scores. RESULTS Forty-four studies of various qualitative designs and varied methodological quality (from low to high) were included in this review. The study samples represented a number of different chronic physical illnesses. There were 301 credible and unequivocal study findings, which were aggregated into 20 categories and 5 synthesized findings. Persons with chronic physical illnesses perceived barriers and facilitators relevant to the adequacy of disability policies in meeting their needs for returning to work after leave due to illness and for sustaining ongoing work engagement. They also perceived barriers and facilitators relevant to stakeholders' communication, help, and support respecting workers' efforts toward work engagement. CONCLUSION Although confidence in the synthesized findings is low due to limitations in the methods and research findings across primary studies, the evidence suggests that both the adequacy and implementation of work disability policies need to be improved to meet the needs of workers with chronic physical illnesses, for their labor market engagement. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42016033476.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Small
- Faculty of Nursing, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada Memorial University Faculty of Nursing Collaboration for Evidence-Based Nursing and Primary Health Care: A JBI Affiliated Group, St. John's, NL, Canada School of Social Work, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada Health Sciences Library, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Tamminga SJ, Jansen LP, Frings-Dresen MHW, de Boer AGEM. Long-term employment status and quality of life after cancer: A longitudinal prospective cohort study from diagnosis up to and including 5 years post diagnosis. Work 2021; 66:901-907. [PMID: 32925145 PMCID: PMC7683081 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer survivors are able to return to work. However, little is known about their work situation 5 years after diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To explore fluctuations in employment status and its association with quality of life 2, 3, and 5 years after cancer diagnosis of 65 cancer survivors employed at diagnosis. METHODS: In association with a randomised controlled trial (RCT), questionnaires were administrated to eligible cancer survivors at diagnosis, 2, 3, and 5 years thereafter comprising of validated questionnaires related to work (i.e. Work Ability Index (WAI), cancer, and quality of life (QOL) (i.e. SF-36, VAS QOL). The RCT studied a hospital-based work support intervention in female breast and gynaecological cancer survivors who were treated with curative intent and had paid work at diagnosis. Descriptive statistics and longitudinal multi-level analysis were employed. RESULTS: Sixty-five of the 102 eligible cancer survivors participated, who were primarily diagnosed with breast cancer (63%). Two and 5 years after cancer diagnosis respectively 63 (97%) and 48 (81%) participants were employed. Reasons for not being employed after 5 years included receiving unemployment benefits (7%), voluntary unemployment (3%), receiving disability benefits (3%), and early retirement (3%). Longitudinal multi-level analysis showed that employed cancer survivors reported in general statistically significant better quality of life outcomes at 5 years follow-up compared to those not being employed. CONCLUSIONS: We found high employment rates and few fluctuations in employment status. The steepest decline in employment rate occurs after the first two years of diagnosis. Employed participants reported better quality of life outcomes. Survivorship care should therefore focus on the population at risk possibly within the first two years after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske J Tamminga
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lyanne P Jansen
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique H W Frings-Dresen
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela G E M de Boer
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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A multidisciplinary working model for promoting return to work of cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:5151-5160. [PMID: 33611646 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite wide recognition of the necessity of an integrative maintenance and return to work (RTW) program for cancer survivors, no such program has been described in the literature. AIMS To examine a working model of an integrative multidisciplinary health care approach for promoting RTW, using the Delphi method. METHODS A working model for promoting cancer survivors' RTW by oncology health professionals was subjected to two rounds of evaluation by an expert panel in accordance with the Delphi research method. Twenty-six international experts in oncology (social workers, nurses, psychologists, physicians, and cancer patients) participated in the first round and 16 participated in the second round. RESULTS The mean score of the working model's applicability was 6.07 (SD = 1.07, range = 1-7). The model outlines in detail an integrative approach for promotion of RTW according to two axes: the oncology health professionals' role and the timeline axis featuring four stages of oncology treatment and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed model addresses the need for an integrated program that may increase the rate of RTW and improve the quality of life of cancer survivors. The model should be subjected to further evaluation, especially its adaptability to different health systems in different countries.
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Tiedtke C, De Rijk A, Van den Broeck A, Godderis L. Employers' Experience on Involvement in Sickness Absence/Return to Work Support for Employees with Cancer in Small Enterprises. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2020; 30:635-645. [PMID: 32246294 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Return to work (RTW) is important for employees who have survived cancer, yet it is challenging for employers. Small enterprises (< 100 employees) might have limited resources to facilitate RTW of cancer survivors. The purpose of this article is to examine how such employers engage in the support of RTW and to uncover their needs. METHODS Eleven owners and one HR manager representing 12 small enterprises (various sectors) were interviewed regarding their experience with RTW of employees surviving cancer. We conducted a thematic analysis with aspects of Grounded Theory. RESULTS The characteristics of being a small enterprise (i.e. informal practical arrangements, working as a family, working with limited resources and people) related to four concerns experienced by these employers (concerns about the employer's enterprise; the employee's cancer and recovery; RTW and work adjustments; and about communication). In line with these concerns, employers need information on rights and obligations, RTW arrangements and communication skills during RTW guidance. CONCLUSIONS In small enterprises, employers have generally close relationships with their employees, which means that support is gladly provided when employees are diagnosed with cancer. They do however have limited financial means to facilitate RTW and workplace adjustments. They therefore perceive long-term sickness and RTW as a major financial risk for the company.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tiedtke
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care: Centre for Environment & Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 5th floor (Blok d, bus 7001), 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - A De Rijk
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Van den Broeck
- Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven, Warmoesberg 26, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
- North West-University, Optentia, Vanderbijlpark Optentia Research Focus Area, P.O. Box 1174, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - L Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care: Centre for Environment & Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 5th floor (Blok d, bus 7001), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Sheppard DM, Frost D, Jefford M, O'Connor M, Halkett G. 'Beyond Cancer': a study protocol of a multimodal occupational rehabilitation programme to support breast cancer survivors to return work. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032505. [PMID: 31843840 PMCID: PMC6924857 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With more women working and surviving breast cancer, issues concerning sustainable employment must be addressed. Support to transition back to work is a gap in survivorship care. This paper describes the feasibility trial protocol for 'Beyond Cancer', a multimodal occupational rehabilitation programme to support breast cancer survivors' return to work. Breast cancer survivors are hypothesised to show improved work status, work capacity and perceived support at work at 6 months postintervention relative to baseline and a historical usual care group. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The prospective feasibility design allows determination of change in primary (work status) as well as secondary outcome measures work capacity and perceived support at work. PARTICIPANTS breast cancer survivors of working age, unable to work in their prediagnosis capacity for >3 months, their employers and a historical usual care group. Key intervention elements: an evidence-based biopsychosocial assessment and health coaching programme, employer education and support, and return to work (RTW) planning and monitoring. Health coaching empowers survivors to return to social function, including work. Employer education and support facilitates communication and improves workplace support. For employers, we predict change in confidence in effectively supporting employees' RTW. Multilevel regression modelling will provide indications of efficacy for primary and secondary outcomes, and thematic analysis will examine perceived efficacy and acceptability. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been granted by Monash and Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committees (HREC: 13300, HRE2019-0280, respectively). The evaluation of this innovative programme will provide the foundation for an Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) and national roll-out, thus improving the quality of life of those who have been directly affected by breast cancer across Australia. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at relevant conferences and disseminated to survivorship-focused organisations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Registered trial with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) (ACTRN12618001985279); Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothy Frost
- Research and Innovation, MedHealth Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Jefford
- Department of Cancer Experiences Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Cancer Survivorship Centre, a Richard Pratt legacy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moira O'Connor
- School of Psychology, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Georgia Halkett
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Paltrinieri S, Vicentini M, Mazzini E, Ricchi E, Fugazzaro S, Mancuso P, Giorgi Rossi P, Costi S. Factors influencing return to work of cancer survivors: a population-based study in Italy. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:701-712. [PMID: 31129762 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about return to work (RTW) of cancer survivors (CSs) in Central and Southern Europe. This study investigates the RTW rate of Italian CSs, describes their sick leave (SL) pattern, and explores factors affecting their RTW process. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey involving CSs registered at the Cancer Registry of Reggio Emilia Province (Italy) was launched in July 2016. Eligibility was restricted to individuals with first diagnosis of cancer in 2012 (stages I-III), aged 20-59, and employed at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS Of the 266 individuals interviewed, 140 (52.6%) were reintegrated without difficulty, 113 (42.5%) returned to work with some difficulty, and 13 did not RTW (4.9%). The majority of CSs (56%) took SL for some periods during treatment. Age > 50 years and higher income seemed to facilitate RTW (RR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.49-0.88 and RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.54-0.97, respectively), while being divorced acted as a barrier compared to being married (RR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-2.01). Individuals uncertain about the type of company they were working for reported greater difficulty in RTW (RR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.03-2.72). Individuals who had undergone chemotherapy and those perceiving physical limitations had a higher risk of difficulty in the RTW process (RR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.42-2.24 and RR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.25-2.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Most CSs did RTW, with 2/3 combining work and treatment. However, almost half reported difficulty in RTW process. Factors affecting this process should be addressed throughout context-specific social and healthcare pathways aimed at preventing difficulties and potential job loss in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Paltrinieri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Massimo Vicentini
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzini
- Medical Directorate, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Umberto I 50, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Ricchi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefania Fugazzaro
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pamela Mancuso
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgi Rossi
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefania Costi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy. .,Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Viale Umberto I 50, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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