1
|
Bogen KW, Jones HR, Lorenz TK. Relational and Trait Factors Mediate the Associations between Women's Intoxication-Related Unwanted Sexual Experiences, Pleasure, and Desire. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:1175-1191. [PMID: 35262426 PMCID: PMC9458769 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite documented negative sexual health sequelae of unwanted sexual contact (USC), it is unclear why individuals who have experienced USC within the context of intoxication (intoxication-related USC) are at particular risk for poor sexual functioning. Intoxication-related USC may impact relational factors like relationship satisfaction, as trauma symptoms interfere with emotional closeness during sex. Additionally, although individual traits - such as sexual excitation and sensation seeking - affect the relationship between trauma and sexual functioning, it is unknown whether these factors differentially impact those who have experienced intoxication-related USC. Finally, because presence of a partner may evoke trauma-related symptoms during partnered (dyadic) sexual activity, mediators may differ across solitary versus dyadic sexual pleasure and desire. We tested relational and individual trait mediators of the association between intoxication-related USC and solitary and dyadic sexual pleasure and desire in a sample of heterosexual and sexual minority women. Trait factors consistently mediated the association between intoxication-related USC and both dyadic and solitary desire and pleasure, while relational factors such as emotional closeness were inconsistently related to sexual wellbeing. If replicated, these findings would suggest that trait factors may be useful targets for clinical sexual wellness interventions among sexuality-diverse women who have experienced intoxication-related USC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W. Bogen
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Department of Psychology; 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior; C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Harper R. Jones
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Department of Psychology; 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior; C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Tierney K. Lorenz
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Department of Psychology; 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior; C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schuler BR, Vazquez CE, Kobulsky JM, Dumenci L. Adversity and child body mass index in Fragile Families over 15 years: Do type and timing matter? SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101197. [PMID: 36033351 PMCID: PMC9399528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Weight status has been linked to adverse childhood experiences. Existing research, however, is limited to unidimensional assessments of cumulative risk and does not account for the complex nature of adversity experienced by children in high-risk settings. We fill existing gaps by assessing how four subtypes of adversity across two primary dimensions of threat and deprivation-based adversity are associated with changes in body mass index (BMI) across child ages 3 through 15 years. Method U.S. mothers and fathers (n = 2412) in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study were interviewed when children were born, and again at ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 years. Independent variables include interpersonal (e.g., domestic violence), family (e.g., mental health), economic (e.g., housing insecurity), and community (e.g., witness/victim of violence) adversity from ages 1 through 9 years. Path analysis regressed changes in BMIz from ages 3 through 15 on past adversity exposures. Results Increased interpersonal and community adversity subtypes from ages 3 to 5 were associated with decreased BMIz from ages 5-9 years. Increased economic adversity from age 3 to 5 was associated with increased BMIz from ages 5 to 9, adjusted for mother age, race, and education. Conclusion Findings highlight the differential influence of past adversity type and timing on child BMI. Interpersonal and community adversity were associated with decreased BMIz, and economic adversity with increased BMIz. Differences in directionality of associations suggest research should capture multiple dimensions of adversity in early childhood and possible positive and negative trends in effects on child weight as children grow from early to mid-childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R. Schuler
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1311 Cecil B Moore Ave., Ritter Annex 5th floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Christian E. Vazquez
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 6019, USA
| | - Julia M. Kobulsky
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1311 Cecil B Moore Ave., Ritter Annex 5th floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Levent Dumenci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Isobel S, Goodyear M, Foster K. Psychological Trauma in the Context of Familial Relationships: A Concept Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2019; 20:549-559. [PMID: 29333976 DOI: 10.1177/1524838017726424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many forms of psychological trauma are known to develop interpersonally within important relationships, particularly familial. Within the varying theoretical constructs of psychological traumas, and distinct from the processes of diagnosis, there is a need to refine the scope and definitions of psychological traumas that occur within important familial relationships to ensure a cohesive evidence base and fidelity of the concept in application to practice. This review used a philosophical inquiry methodology of concept analysis to identify the definitions, antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of the varying conceptualizations of psychological trauma occurring within important relationships. Interactions between concepts of interpersonal trauma, relational trauma, betrayal trauma, attachment trauma, developmental trauma, complex trauma, cumulative trauma, and intergenerational trauma are presented. Understanding of the discrete forms and pathways of transmission of psychological trauma between individuals, including transgenerationally within families, creates opportunities for prevention and early intervention within trauma-focused practice. This review found that concepts of psychological trauma occurring within familial relationships are not exclusive of each other but overlap in their encompassment of events and circumstances as well as the effect on individuals of events in the short term and long term. These traumas develop and are transmitted in the space between people, both purposefully and incidentally, and have particularly profound effects when they involve a dependent infant or child. Linguistic and conceptual clarity is paramount for trauma research and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Isobel
- 1 Australian Catholic University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Melbourne, Australia
- 2 Sydney Local Health District, Mental Health Research, Sydney Australia
| | - Melinda Goodyear
- 3 Monash University, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Victoria, Australia
- 4 Parenting Research Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Foster
- 5 Australian Catholic University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Melbourne, Australia
- 6 NorthWestern Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Towards a cognitive and neurobiological model of motivated forgetting. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2012; 58:53-120. [PMID: 22303764 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1195-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Historically, research on forgetting has been dominated by the assumption that forgetting is passive, reflecting decay, interference, and changes in context. This emphasis arises from the pervasive assumption that forgetting is a negative outcome. Here, we present a functional view of forgetting in which the fate of experience in memory is determined as much by motivational forces that dictate the focus of attention as it is by passive factors. A central tool of motivated forgetting is retrieval suppression, a process whereby people shut down episodic retrieval to control awareness. We review behavioral, neurobiological, and clinical research and show that retrieval suppression leads us to forget suppressed experiences. We discuss key questions necessary to address to develop this model, relationships to other forgetting phenomena, and the implications of this research for understanding recovered memories. This work provides a foundation for understanding how motivational forces influence what we remember of life experience.
Collapse
|
6
|
Owen J, Quirk K, Manthos M. I get no respect: the relationship between betrayal trauma and romantic relationship functioning. J Trauma Dissociation 2012; 13:175-89. [PMID: 22375806 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2012.642760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study explored the association among young adults' (N = 86) experiences of betrayal traumas (interpersonal trauma perpetrated by someone close) prior to age 18, psychological well-being, attachment styles, and romantic relationship function (i.e., dedication, relationship adjustment, and perceived partner respect). Based on betrayal trauma theory, we posited that participants' reports of betrayal traumas would be negatively related to their perceptions of respect from their partner but would not relate to their perceptions of relationship adjustment or dedication. Furthermore, we expected that the relationship between betrayal traumas and respect would be mediated by participants' attachment style and psychological well-being. Results identified a negative association between betrayal traumas and psychological well-being and a positive association between betrayal trauma and anxious and avoidant attachment. Betrayal traumas were also shown to be negatively related to partner respect and not significantly associated with dedication and relationship adjustment. Anxious attachment and psychological well-being were significant mediators for the relationship between betrayal traumas and perceived respect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Owen
- Educational and Counseling Psychology Department, College of Education and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brown AD, Kramer ME, Romano TA, Hirst W. Forgetting Trauma: Socially Shared Retrieval-induced Forgetting and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Brown
- New York University School of Medicine; New York; USA
| | - Michael E. Kramer
- Manhattan Campus of the VA New York Harbor Healthcare System; New York; USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tishelman AC, Meyer SK, Haney P, McLeod SK. The clinical-forensic dichotomy in sexual abuse evaluations: moving toward an integrative model. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2010; 19:590-608. [PMID: 20924912 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2010.512553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose the use of an approach to evaluation that can be undertaken in a clinical setting when concerns regarding child sexual abuse are unclear or ambiguous and other systems are not involved, thus providing an option for the nondisclosing child often discussed in the "delayed disclosure" literature. This approach can also be appropriate for a child with a questionable prior disclosure not being served by other intervention systems. We have labeled this an "integrative" model, incorporating forensically sound practices into evaluations conducted in a clinical setting. The goals of this manuscript are to (a) provide a rationale for conducting child sexual abuse extended evaluations in a clinical setting, (b) delineate the purposes of such evaluations, (c) differentiate this "integrative" model from the forensic-clinical dichotomy framework discussed by Kuehnle (1996), and (d) briefly describe the format, which can be refined by future practice and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Tishelman
- Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Freyd JJ, Klest B, DePrince AP. Avoiding awareness of betrayal: Comment on Lindblom and Gray (2009). APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Lindblom KM, Gray MJ. Relationship closeness and trauma narrative detail: A critical analysis of betrayal trauma theory. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
Empirical research since the year 2000 on trauma and autobiographical memory in adults is reviewed and related to four enduring controversies in the field: Whether traumatic memories are inherently different from other types of autobiographical memory; whether memory for trauma is better or worse than memory for non-traumatic events; whether traumas can be forgotten and then recalled later in life; and whether special mechanisms such as repression or dissociation are required to account for any such forgetting. The review concludes that trauma and non-trauma memories differ substantially, but only in clinical and not in healthy populations. Whereas involuntary memory is enhanced in clinical populations, voluntary memory is likely to be fragmented, disorganised, and incomplete. Progress in experimental and neuroimaging research will depend on analysing how task performance is affected by the interaction of voluntary and involuntary memory and by individual tendencies to respond to trauma with increased arousal versus dissociation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Brewin
- Subdepartment of Clinical Health, University College, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Simon B. Does "Dispelling Confusion About Traumatic Dissociative Amnesia" dispel confusion? One clinician's view. Mayo Clin Proc 2007; 82:1049-51. [PMID: 17803870 DOI: 10.4065/82.9.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Freyd JJ, Deprince AP, Gleaves DH. The state of betrayal trauma theory: Reply to McNally—Conceptual issues, and future directions. Memory 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/09658210701256514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|