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Souza FNC, Genova JL, Gregory CR, de Oliveira NTE, Castilha LD, Eyng C, Nunes RV, Carvalho ST, Ribeiro CVDM, Carvalho PLDO. Low- and high-protein diets supplemented up to the fourth limiting amino acid for genetic lines of grower-finisher pigs. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhao X, Liu Y, Ding H, Huang P, Yin Y, Deng J, Kong X. Effects of Different Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Fecal Nitrogen, and Carcass Traits of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:777671. [PMID: 34988141 PMCID: PMC8720777 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.777671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Huanjiang mini-pig is a Chinese local breed and, the optimal dietary crude protein (CP) level for this breed is still unknown. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate its optimum dietary CP level upon the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, fecal nitrogen content, and carcass traits. Three independent trials with 360 pigs were included. A total of 220 pigs (5.32 ± 0.46 kg) were fed ad libitum, either a 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22% CP diet from about 5- to 10-kg (trial 1); 84 pigs (11.27 ± 1.43 kg) were fed either a 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20% CP diet from about 10- to 20-kg (trial 2); and 56 pigs (18.80 ± 2.21 kg) were fed either a 10, 12, 14, 16, or 18% CP diet from about 20- to 30-kg (trial 3). In trial 1, as dietary CP levels increased, the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) quadratically decreased (p < 0.05) and was minimal at the 18.42% CP level. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) and final body weight (BW) were not affected by dietary CP levels while the fat percentage decreased (p < 0.05). Besides, a linear decrease in slaughter rate (p = 0.06) and a linear increase in bone percentage (p < 0.05), serum urea nitrogen (UN) (P < 0.05), and fecal nitrogen content (p = 0.07) of pigs were observed. In trial 2, as dietary CP levels increased, the average daily gain quadratically increased (p < 0.05) and was maximum at the 16.70% CP level. The slaughter rate linearly decreased (p < 0.05) whereas the skin rate, serum UN, and NH3-N increased (p < 0.05) linearly, as well as fecal nitrogen content (p = 0.06). In trial 3, as dietary CP levels increased, the F/G increased (p < 0.05), while the ADFI and ADG quadratically decreased (p < 0.05) and was maximum at nearly 14.00% CP level. The bone percentage and serum UN increased (p < 0.05) linearly but the slaughter rate decreased (P < 0.05) linearly, and the fecal nitrogen content quadratically decreased (p = 0.07) whereas the albumin increased (p < 0.05) quadratically. Taken together, the optimal dietary CP levels for growth performance of Huanjiang mini-pigs from 5- to 10-kg, 10- to 20-kg, and 20- to 30-kg were 18.42, 16.70, and 14.00%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
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Yang Z, Deng H, He T, Sun Z, Gifty ZB, Hu P, Rao Z, Tang Z. Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Fecal Amino Acids Excretion and Apparent Digestibility, and Fecal and Ileal Microbial Amino Acids Composition in Weaned Piglets. Front Nutr 2021; 8:738707. [PMID: 34977108 PMCID: PMC8716875 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.738707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of low protein diets with the same Lys, Met + Cys, Thr, and Trp levels as in high protein diets on the fecal amino acid excretion and apparent digestibility, and ileal and fecal microbial amino acids composition in weaned piglets. Methods: Fifty-four 21-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weaned piglets were randomly divided into three groups and fed with corn-soybean meal basal diets, in which the crude protein (CP) content was 20% (H-CP), 17% (M-CP), and 14% (L-CP), respectively. The experiment included a 7-day adaptation period and a 45-day trial period. Six piglets in each group were randomly slaughtered on days 10, 25, and 45 of the trial period, and the intestinal contents, intestinal mucosa, and feces were collected. Results: The results showed that the interaction between feeding time and dietary CP levels was reflected in the apparent digestibility of dietary CP and amino acid (AA) (p < 0.01). With the increase of age, the apparent digestibility of CP and AA were increased (p < 0.01). With the increase of CP levels, the excretion of nitrogen (N) was decreased (p < 0.01), whereas the flow of microbial AA in the ileum and feces were increased (p < 0.01). The interaction between feeding time and dietary CP levels was also reflected in the composition of AA in the ileum and stool of piglets (p < 0.01). The proportion of His, Lyr, Met, Cys, and Ser was lower than the average, whereas the proportion of Phe, Leu, Pro, Ala, Glu, and Asp was higher than the average. With the increase of age, the AA content of microorganisms increased (p < 0.01). Conclusion: All in all, this work revealed the changes of N, CP, and AA excretion and digestibility of feces and microorganisms of piglets under the combined action of different dietary protein levels and different feeding times, and also the changes of AA composition of intestinal microorganisms and AA composition of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Yang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenguo Yang
| | - Huan Deng
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianle He
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziema Bumbie Gifty
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Zebing Rao
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- Zhiru Tang
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Schubert DC, Chuppava B, Witte F, Terjung N, Visscher C. Effect of Two Different Biochars as a Component of Compound Feed on Nutrient Digestibility and Performance Parameters in Growing Pigs. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.633958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine two different biochars as a component of compound feed regarding their effects on nutrient digestibility and performance parameters in growing pigs. A total of 18 male, intact piglets (N = 18) with 26 days of age and an initial bodyweight of 6.88 kg were divided into three homogeneous groups of six animals each (n = 6). Treatments were control (CON, no addition of biochar), 2% biochar 1 (BC 1, diet containing 2% biochar 1), and 2% biochar 2 (BC 2, diet containing 2% biochar 2). Before the start of the trials, the biochars were characterized regarding Brunnauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, surface energy, humidity, and ash content. During the first trial (weeks 1–6) a 3 × 3 Latin square was used to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of all three feed in each animal (N = 54, n = 18). By start of the second trial on day 42, three new homogenous groups were formed with two animals from each of the previous groups. Each group received one of the three diets for 4 weeks. In the first trial, the ATTD of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, crude fiber, and N-free extract was higher (p < 0.05) in pigs fed the biochar diets (BC1 and BC2) than in those animals fed the control diet. The greatest difference was found for ATTD of crude fiber, which was increased by 19.8 and 23.8%, respectively (CON: 30.8b ± 13.4%; BC 1: 38.4a ± 8.2%; BC 2: 40.4a ± 12.2%). ATTD of crude protein was only higher in BC 2 compared to CON (CON: 81.0b ± 4.1%; BC 1: 82.4ab ± 3.6%; BC 2: 84.2a ± 3.4%). In both trials, the different treatments revealed no effects on ADFI, ADWG or G:F (p > 0.05). The results indicate that no negative effects can be expected when 2% biochar is included in the feed for growing pigs.
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Lala A, Oso A, Osafo E, Houdijk J, Eyarefe D. Effect of high concentration of phytase supplementation on energy and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs fed with reduced dietary crude protein balanced with limiting amino acids. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Simultaneous Quantification of Methionine-Related Metabolites and Co-factors in IPEC-J2 and PIEC Cells by LC–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Oh HJ, Song MH, Yun W, Lee JH, Lee CH, Kwak WG, Oh SY, Liu S, An JS, Kim HB, Cho JH. Evaluation of correlation between crude protein levels and different space allowances under sawdust bed feeding system on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and odour emission in growing–finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Jin Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Choongnam 341-34, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yun
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Gi Kwak
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Shudong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seon An
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 311-16, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 286-44, Republic of Korea
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Effects of Feeding Low Protein Diets on Serum and Faeces Parameters in Weaned Piglets. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of a low-protein diet supplemented with synthetic amino acids on the biochemical parameters in the blood serum, the indicators of fermentation processes, and nitrogen excretion in 12 crossbred piglets. The piglets (weaned at 28 days of age) were divided into two groups with 6 piglets each. The control group had an initial average body weight of 8.8 ± 0.6 kg and the experimental group with an average initial body weight of 8.6 ± 0.7 kg. The control diet contained 210.8 g.kg−1 crude protein and the experimental diet contained 186.4 g.kg−1. The experimental diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine and threonine to achieve a more ideal amino acid pattern. The blood collections from the sinus ophthalmicus for the determination of the biochemical parameters were performed 4 times at weekly intervals in the control and experimental groups 4—5 hours after feeding. The faeces were taken from the rectum at the end of the study period. The decrease in the dietary crude protein content of the experimental group was manifested by a significant decrease of the blood urea level (2.61 mmol.l−1 average concentration) compared to the control groups (4.21 mmol.l−1 average concentration) (P < 0.001). The other serum component concentrations (total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, total lipids and selected enzymes) showed no significant statistical changes between the control and experimental groups. The results of the fermentation process analysis indicated that the butyrate concentration decreased (P = 0.0017) and the pH increased (P = 0.0180) in the experimental group compared to the control group. The levels of crude protein and ammonia in the faeces of experimental animals were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in comparison with those in the control animals.
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