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Lu Y, Zhao Z, Fan X, Cao X, Hai M, Yang Z, Zheng K, Lu J, Zhang J, Ma Y, Zhang R, Fang S. Zirconia/phenylsiloxane nano-composite for LED encapsulation with high and stable light extraction efficiency. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18326-18332. [PMID: 35480915 PMCID: PMC9033391 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain a rapid processible LED encapsulant that leads to high and stable light extraction efficiency (LEE), UV curable ZrO2/phenyl-siloxane nano-composite (ZSC) double-layer encapsulants were prepared and optimized. The highly crystalline ZrO2 nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼14 nm were synthesized through a modified hydrothermal method at mild conditions, and a UV curable methacryl-diphenyl-polysiloxane (MDPS) with a refractive index (RI) of 1.54 (at 633 nm) was synthesized from self-condensation of diphenylsilanediol and an end-capping reaction. High refractive indexes (RIs) from 1.54–1.61 have been obtained for ZSC composites by adding 0–20 wt% ZrO2. Before and after sulfur vapor erosion, the double-layer encapsulated sample (M-10/M) showed 11.2% and 64.8% higher LEE respectively than that of Dow Corning OE-7662. Meanwhile, the variation of LED light color temperature (Tc) was less than 1%. The effect of the ZrO2 nanoparticle content on LEE of double-layer and single-layer encapsulation were compared and discussed based on Fresnel loss and Rayleigh scattering theories. The double-layered UV curing processing took only 1/6 of the time needed for common thermal curing. The double-layer encapsulation by a highly crystalline ZrO2/polydiphenylsiloxane composite affords 11.2% and 64.8% higher LEE respectively than that of OE-7662 before and after sulfur vapor erosion.![]()
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Rubinsztajn S, Chojnowski J, Mizerska U, Basko M, Uznanski P, Walkiewicz-Pietrzykowska A, Cypryk M. Reactions of Zirconium (IV) n-Propoxide with SiH-Functional Polysiloxanes as a Route to Siloxane-Zirconium Hybrid Materials with Enhanced Refractive Index. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000601. [PMID: 33270347 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of poly(hydromethylsiloxane-co-methylphenylsiloxane) with zirconium (IV) n-propoxide in dry toluene leads to extensive scission of the siloxane chain and conversion of Si-H groups. These processes produce oligomeric siloxanes and organosilanes containing moisture sensitive propoxy and siloxy-zirconate groups. The obtained post-reaction solution of zirconium containing heterosiloxane oligomers is stable under anhydrous conditions for several weeks. However, its exposure to moisture initiates the hydrolytic condensation of the reactive groups leading to cross-linking and the formation of a siloxane-zirconium composite. Spin coating of the siloxane-zirconium prepolymer followed by exposure to moisture produces thin films with excellent light transparency and increased refractive index. The final coatings are characterized by ellipsometry, UV-Vis, IR, and 29 Si MAS NMR spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Rubinsztajn
- Dr. S. Rubinsztajn, Prof. J. Chojnowski, Dr. U. Mizerska, Dr. M. Basko, Dr. P. Uznanski, Dr. A. Walkiewicz-Pietrzykowska, Prof. M. Cypryk, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Julian Chojnowski
- Dr. S. Rubinsztajn, Prof. J. Chojnowski, Dr. U. Mizerska, Dr. M. Basko, Dr. P. Uznanski, Dr. A. Walkiewicz-Pietrzykowska, Prof. M. Cypryk, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Urszula Mizerska
- Dr. S. Rubinsztajn, Prof. J. Chojnowski, Dr. U. Mizerska, Dr. M. Basko, Dr. P. Uznanski, Dr. A. Walkiewicz-Pietrzykowska, Prof. M. Cypryk, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Basko
- Dr. S. Rubinsztajn, Prof. J. Chojnowski, Dr. U. Mizerska, Dr. M. Basko, Dr. P. Uznanski, Dr. A. Walkiewicz-Pietrzykowska, Prof. M. Cypryk, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Pawel Uznanski
- Dr. S. Rubinsztajn, Prof. J. Chojnowski, Dr. U. Mizerska, Dr. M. Basko, Dr. P. Uznanski, Dr. A. Walkiewicz-Pietrzykowska, Prof. M. Cypryk, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Walkiewicz-Pietrzykowska
- Dr. S. Rubinsztajn, Prof. J. Chojnowski, Dr. U. Mizerska, Dr. M. Basko, Dr. P. Uznanski, Dr. A. Walkiewicz-Pietrzykowska, Prof. M. Cypryk, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Marek Cypryk
- Dr. S. Rubinsztajn, Prof. J. Chojnowski, Dr. U. Mizerska, Dr. M. Basko, Dr. P. Uznanski, Dr. A. Walkiewicz-Pietrzykowska, Prof. M. Cypryk, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
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