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Myrou A. Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies for Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e60326. [PMID: 38883131 PMCID: PMC11177234 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has been classified as a class I carcinogen by WHO because of its primary involvement in the development of gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. This review focuses on understanding the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms that operate within intracellular transduction pathways and their relevance in the treatment strategies for the two main diseases caused by H. pylori. H. pylori virulence factors such as cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin A genotypes, inflammatory mediators, H. pylori-induced microRNA deregulation, alterations in autophagy proteins and regulators, and changes in DNA methylation are some of the molecular mechanisms that play essential roles in H. pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis. The discovery of novel treatment strategies that target the deregulated intracellular transduction pathways in gastric carcinogenesis and MALT lymphoma is critical. H. pylori eradication (HPE) is not limited to H. pylori-dependent low-grade MALT lymphoma and may be used in patients with high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (de novo or DLBCL-MALT lymphoma). The loss of H. pylori dependency and high-grade transformation appear to be distinct events in the progression of gastric lymphoma. Interestingly, patients with H. pylori-positive gastric DLBCL without histological evidence of MALT lymphoma (pure gastric DLBCL) may respond to HPE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Myrou
- Department of Internal Medicine, American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association (AHEPA) University Hospital, Thessaloniki, GRC
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Lai Q, Zhao Y, Yan H, Peng H. Advances in diagnosis, treatment and prognostic factors of gastrointestinal DLBCL. Leuk Res 2023; 135:107406. [PMID: 37944240 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (GI-DLBCL) is an extremely aggressive form of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (BNHL) which has complex histological characteristics and manifests a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of clinical, morphological, immunological, and genetic features. GI-DLBCL mainly spreads by infiltrating neighboring lymph nodes, and common gastrointestinal complications (GICS) such as obstruction, perforation, or bleeding, frequently arise during the progression of the disease, posing significant challenges in both diagnosing and treating the condition. Meanwhile, the incidence of GI-DLBCL has been gradually increasing in recent years, and its strong invasiveness makes it prone to being misdiagnosed or completely missed. In clinical practice, over half of the patients diagnosed with the disease are in stage III or stage IV. What makes it worse is that certain patients may not exhibit a favorable response to chemotherapy. All these lead to intricacies in management of this disease. Unfortunately, there is currently no large prospective study or evidence-based medical evidence to provide clear guidance on treatment decisions for this specific type of lymphoma. Neither do physicians have a consensus regarding the optimal approach to address this condition. Recent studies have identified the presence of various prognostic factors that significantly impact survival in GI-DLBCL, which demonstrates the unique particularity of GI-DLBCL, and could help optimize the clinical decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqiao Lai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiqing Yan
- Department of gastric and abdominal cancer ward, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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3
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Qian Z, Chen L, Wang X, Kan Y, Wang Y, Yu Y, Wang X, Zhao Z, Yang H, Ge P, Ding T, Zhai Q, Zhao H. Increased MALAT1 expression predicts poor prognosis in primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clin Exp Med 2021; 22:183-191. [PMID: 34427833 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of several cancers. However, the potential effect of MALAT1 in primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PGI-DLBCL) has not been elucidated. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of MALAT1 in patients with PGI-DLBCL. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the expression of MALAT1 in 90 patients with PGI-DLBCL. MALAT1 was remarkably upregulated in PGI-DLBCL tissues compared to paired adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.001), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.838. MALAT1 expression was further increased in the non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB), advanced stage (stages IIE-IV) and International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (3-5) groups (P = 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that elevated MALAT1 expression correlated with inferior overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival in PGI-DLBCL patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), and our multivariate analysis results suggested that upregulation of MALAT1 and high IPI score (3-5) were two unfavorable prognostic factors for PGI-DLBCL. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MALAT1 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and an ideal therapeutic target for patients with PGI-DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Lymphoma, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Kan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongli Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
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Chen L, Kan Y, Wang X, Ge P, Ding T, Zhai Q, Wang Y, Yu Y, Wang X, Zhao Z, Yang H, Liu X, Li L, Qiu L, Zhang H, Qian Z, Zhao H. Overexpression of microRNA-130a predicts adverse prognosis of primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:93. [PMID: 32831912 PMCID: PMC7439117 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PGI-DLBCL) is a highly heterogeneous type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A number of studies have demonstrated that microRNA-130a (miR-130a) serves a role in the tumorigenesis and prognosis of numerous human tumors. However, to the best of our knowledge, the prognostic significance of miR-130a in PGI-DLBCL remains unknown. The present study explored the association between miR-130a and the clinical outcomes of PGI-DLBCL. Relative miR-130a expression was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression levels of BCL-2, c-MYC, neprilysin, B-cell lymphoma 6 protein, PWWP domain-containing DNA repair factor 3A and proliferation marker protein Ki-67. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of microRNA levels in the diagnosis of PGI-DLBCL. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method. In the present study, miR-130a expression was notably higher in patients with PGI-DLBCL compared with in the controls (P<0.0001). miR-130a overexpression was closely associated with a high International Prognostic Index score (3–5) and drug resistance (P=0.017 and P=0.044, respectively). No significant difference in other clinical features was observed. Patients with increased expression levels of miR-130a had lower overall survival [hazard ratio (HR), 2.998; 95% CI, 1.347-6.673; P=0.007] and progression-free survival (HR, 3.325; 95% CI, 1.488-7.429; P=0.003) compared with patients who had lower expression levels of miR-130a. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that miR-130a was a negative prognostic parameter in PGI-DLBCL. Therefore, upregulation of miR-130a could become a potential prognostic marker for PGI-DLBCL. Additionally, further study of these results may have important guiding significance for the prognosis of patients with PGI-DLBCL in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyuan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yutian Kan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Qiongli Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Department of Lymphoma, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Department of Lymphoma, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzi Qian
- Department of Lymphoma, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Lan Y, Xiao X, He Z, Luo Y, Wu C, Li L, Song X. Long noncoding RNA OCC-1 suppresses cell growth through destabilizing HuR protein in colorectal cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:5809-5821. [PMID: 29931370 PMCID: PMC6009600 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpressed in colon carcinoma-1 (OCC-1) is one of the earliest annotated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its function remains largely unknown. Here, we revealed that OCC-1 plays a tumor suppressive role in CRC. OCC-1 knockdown by RNA interference promotes cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, which is largely due to its ability to inhibit G0 to G1 and G1 to S phase cell cycle transitions. In addition, overexpression of OCC-1 can suppress cell growth in OCC-1 knockdown cells. OCC-1 exerts its function by binding to and destabilizing HuR (ELAVL1), a cancer-associated RNA binding protein (RBP) which can bind to and stabilize thousands of mRNAs. OCC-1 enhances the binding of ubiquitin E3 ligase β-TrCP1 to HuR and renders HuR susceptible to ubiquitination and degradation, thereby reducing the levels of HuR and its target mRNAs, including the mRNAs directly associated with cancer cell growth. These findings reveal that lncRNA OCC-1 can regulate the levels of a large number of mRNAs at post-transcriptional level through modulating RBP HuR stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lan
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Xiao
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhengchi He
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Luo
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chuanfang Wu
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xu Song
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
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6
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Huang Y, Zou Y, Lin L, Ma X, Zheng R. miR-101 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting KDM1A in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2739-2746. [PMID: 31040714 PMCID: PMC6455001 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s197744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miR-101 is reported to be associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, it is unknown whether miR-101 expression affects cell proliferation and apoptosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of miR-101 and its effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis in DLBCL. Methods miR-101 expression was detected in 30 cases of patients with DLBCL and normal lymph node by qRT-PCR. Then, miR-101 expression was up-regulated and down-regulated in Originated Cell Line-Large Lymphoma 8 (OCL-LY8) cell line, respectively. MTT and flow cytometry assay were used to evaluate the effect of miR-101 on cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. As KDM1A was confirmed to be as a specific target of miR-101 by TargetScanHuman, the relationship between MiR-101 and KDM1A was further investigated. Results miR-101 expression in patients with DLBCL was significantly reduced compared those in normal lymph node (P<0.05). miR-101 expression was significantly associated with tumor size, clinical stage and International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores (P<0.05). In OCL-LY8 cell line, miR-101 down-regulation significantly promoted cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, miR-101 up-regulation reversed this effect. In addition, miR-101 negatively regulated the expression of KDM1A. KDM1A down-regulation was oberved in normal tissues compared with those in DLBCL tissues, which inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Conclusion These data indicate that miR-101 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting KDM1A, which provides a potential therapeutic for DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 363000 Zhangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 363000 Zhangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Luhui Lin
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 363000 Zhangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xudong Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 363000 Zhangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ruiji Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 363000 Zhangzhou, People's Republic of China,
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Simonetti G, Bruno S, Padella A, Tenti E, Martinelli G. Aneuploidy: Cancer strength or vulnerability? Int J Cancer 2018; 144:8-25. [PMID: 29981145 PMCID: PMC6587540 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a very rare and tissue‐specific event in normal conditions, occurring in a low number of brain and liver cells. Its frequency increases in age‐related disorders and is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Aneuploidy has been associated with defects in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However, the relationship between chromosome number alterations, SAC genes and tumor susceptibility remains unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of SAC gene alterations at genomic and transcriptional level across human cancers and discuss the oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions of aneuploidy. SAC genes are rarely mutated but frequently overexpressed, with a negative prognostic impact on different tumor types. Both increased and decreased SAC gene expression show oncogenic potential in mice. SAC gene upregulation may drive aneuploidization and tumorigenesis through mitotic delay, coupled with additional oncogenic functions outside mitosis. The genomic background and environmental conditions influence the fate of aneuploid cells. Aneuploidy reduces cellular fitness. It induces growth and contact inhibition, mitotic and proteotoxic stress, cell senescence and production of reactive oxygen species. However, aneuploidy confers an evolutionary flexibility by favoring genome and chromosome instability (CIN), cellular adaptation, stem cell‐like properties and immune escape. These properties represent the driving force of aneuploid cancers, especially under conditions of stress and pharmacological pressure, and are currently under investigation as potential therapeutic targets. Indeed, promising results have been obtained from synthetic lethal combinations exploiting CIN, mitotic defects, and aneuploidy‐tolerating mechanisms as cancer vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Simonetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Padella
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Tenti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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Wu Y, Tan L, Chen J, Li H, Ying H, Jiang Y, Wu Q, Yu G, Tian Y, Yu J, Zeng T, Yan L, Liu C. MAD2 Combined with Mitotic Spindle Apparatus (MSA) and Anticentromere Antibody (ACA) for Diagnosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7541-7547. [PMID: 30346937 PMCID: PMC6354645 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MAD2 is the gene controlling mitosis. Many studies have assessed MAD2 in various types of carcinoma. Antinuclear mitotic spindle apparatus antibody (MSA) and anticentromere antibody (ACA) are related mitotic antibodies, playing roles in autoimmune diseases and carcinomas, but the expression of MAD2, MSA, and ACA in SCLC is unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 70 SCLC patients, 72 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and 65 pulmonary nodule (PN) patients. MAD2 expression was measured through agarose electrophoresis and qt-PCR. Antinuclear mitotic spindle apparatus antibody (MSA) and anticentromere antibody (ACA) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). RESULTS MAD2 was found both in SCLC and NSCLC. Interestingly, there was a significant difference found between SCLC and NSCLC using qt-PCR (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of MAD2 expression was 0.799, with medium diagnostic value. MAD2 expression was related to age, lymphatic metastasis, and survival time, but not with sex. The positivity for MSA and ACA by IIF assay were 37.20% and 34.00%, respectively, in the SCLC group, which were higher than in the NSCLC and pulmonary nodule groups (P<0.05). The kappa values of MSA and ACA with MAD2 expression were 0.73 and 0.65, respectively, with moderate consistency. Combining MAD2 with MSA and ACA enhanced the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing SCLC. CONCLUSIONS MAD2 expression was found to be involved in carcinogenesis and prognosis of SCLC. The combination of MAD2 with MSA and ACA is useful for early diagnosis and shows promise in treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Liming Tan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Houqun Ying
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yongqing Jiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qiong Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guofang Yu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yongjian Tian
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jianlin Yu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Linxian Yan
- Department of Medical Supply, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chuan Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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