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Vieira JO, Duarte JO, Costa-Ferreira W, Morais-Silva G, Marin MT, Crestani CC. Sex differences in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and behavioral changes evoked by chronic stressors in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:426-437. [PMID: 28823849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the physiological, somatic and behavioral changes evoked by daily exposure to the same type of stressor (homotypic) or different aversive stressor stimuli (heterotypic) in male and female rats. For this, adult Wistar rats were subjected to a 10days regimen of repeated restraint stress (RRS, homotypic stressor) or chronic variable stress (CVS, heterotypic stressor). Effects evoked by CVS included: (i) adrenal hypertrophy and decreased body weight gain in male animals, (ii) a sympathetically-mediated increase in basal heart rate in males, and (iii) a rise in plasma corticosterone concentration and anxiogenic effects in female animals. The homotypic stressor RRS also induced an increase in plasma corticosterone and anxiogenic effects in females, decreased body weight gain in males and evoked a sympathetically-mediated increase in heart rate in both sexes. Changes in cardiovascular function and autonomic activity evoked by both stressors were followed by impairment of baroreflex activity in males, but not female animals. Both chronic stressors evoked changes in blood pressure responsiveness to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents in both sexes. Taken together, these results indicate that regardless of chronic stress regimen males are more vulnerable to somatic effects of chronic stressors, while females appear to be more susceptible to neuroendocrine and behavioral changes. Present findings also indicate that females are selectively vulnerable to cardiovascular and autonomic changes evoked by homotypic stressors. Nevertheless, homotypic and heterotypic stressors similarly affect cardiovascular function and autonomic activity in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas O Vieira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane O Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gessynger Morais-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Marin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Nieto-Lima B, Cano-Martínez A, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Pérez-Torres I, Guarner-Lans V. Age-, Gender-, and in Vivo Different Doses of Isoproterenol Modify in Vitro Aortic Vasoreactivity and Circulating VCAM-1. Front Physiol 2018; 9:20. [PMID: 29416512 PMCID: PMC5787582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Different human-like cardiomyopathies associated to β-adrenergic stimulation are experimentally modeled in animals through variations in dose, route, and duration of administration of different cardiotoxic drugs. However, associated changes in the vasculature and their relation to systemic inflammation, and the influence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors (gender and age) upon them are seldom analyzed. Here we studied the effect of age and gender on the vasoreactivity of aortas from mice subjected to in vivo repeated β-adrenergic stimulation with different doses of isoproterenol (ISO) in association with circulating inflammatory cytokines. Young (2 months) and old (18 months) male and female mice received 0 (control), 5, 40, 80 or 160 μg/g/d of ISO (7 days, s.c.). IL-1α, IL-4 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were quantified in plasma. In vitro, norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction and acetylcholine-induced relaxation were measured in aortas. No differences in contraction, relaxation, IL-1α, and IL-4 were found between control young males and females. Age decreased contraction in males and relaxation was lower in females and abolished in males. VCAM-1 was higher in young males than in females and increased in old mice. Vasoconstriction in ISO-treated mice results as a bell-shaped curve on contraction in young and old males, with lower values in the latter. In females, ISO-160 increased contraction in young females but decreased it in old females. Vasorelaxation was reduced in ISO-treated young males and females. ISO-80 and 160 reduced vasorelaxation in old females, and intermediate doses relaxed aortas from old males. VCAM-1 was higher in young and old males with ISO-80 and 160; while VCAM-1 was higher only with ISO-160 in old females. Our results demonstrate that repeated β-adrenergic stimulation modifies vascular reactivity depending on gender, age, and dose. Females were less sensitive to alterations in vasoreactivity, and young females required a higher amount of the adrenergic stimuli than old females to show vascular alterations. Changes were independent of IL-1α and IL-4. VCAM-1 only changed in old females stimulated with ISO 160. Our results highlight the relevance of considering and comparing in the same study females and aged organisms to improve the accuracy of applications to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betzabé Nieto-Lima
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
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Marques BVD, Higashi CM, da S Novi DRB, Zanluqui NG, Gregório TF, Pinge-Filho P, Gerardin DCC, Pelosi GG, Moreira EG, Ceravolo GS. Intrauterine and lactation exposure to fluoxetine blunted in the offspring the aortic adaptive response induced by acute restraint stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 813:147-152. [PMID: 28822853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the most widely prescribed antidepressants to women during pregnancy. Maternal treatment with fluoxetine can expose fetuses and neonates to higher levels of serotonin that plays a role in stress response. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate whether maternal treatment with fluoxetine interferes with aorta reactivity of adult male offspring after acute restraint stress. Wistar rats were gavaged with fluoxetine (5mg/kg/day) or water (control) during pregnancy and lactation. The experiments were performed in adult male offspring, treated or not with reserpine (4mg/Kg, ip, 28h before the experimental protocol). Fluoxetine and control rats were submitted to a single restraint stress session (ST) for 1h. Curves to phenylephrine were performed in thoracic aorta with endothelium. Aortic nitric oxide (NOx) were evaluated by the Griess method. The aortic contraction induced by phenylephrine was similar between control and fluoxetine rats. The acute stress reduced contraction in aorta of control ST compared to control, and L-NAME equaled this response. In fluoxetine rats, ST did not change the aortic constriction. Reserpine treatment restored the vasoconstriction in control ST, but did not interfere with aortic contraction in control, fluoxetine or fluoxetine ST. The NOx concentration was higher in aortas from control ST than control rats, and reserpine reduced NOx levels of control ST. The NOx concentration was similar between fluoxetine and fluoxetine ST rats, treated or not with reserpine. In conclusion, maternal treatment with fluoxetine blunted acute restraint stress-induced NO system activation and aortic adaptation in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno V D Marques
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Higashi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Daniella R B da S Novi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Nagela G Zanluqui
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Thais F Gregório
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Daniela C C Gerardin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Gislaine G Pelosi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Estefânia G Moreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Graziela S Ceravolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
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Bruder-Nascimento T, Campos DHS, Cicogna AC, Cordellini S. Chronic stress improves NO- and Ca2+ flux-dependent vascular function: a pharmacological study. Arq Bras Cardiol 2015; 104:226-33. [PMID: 25884770 PMCID: PMC4386851 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20140207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Objective This study aimed at assessing whether chronic stress induces vascular alterations,
and whether these modulations are nitric oxide (NO) and Ca2+ dependent. Methods Wistar rats, 30 days of age, were separated into 2 groups: control (C) and Stress
(St). Chronic stress consisted of immobilization for 1 hour/day, 5 days/week, 15
weeks. Systolic blood pressure was assessed. Vascular studies on aortic rings were
performed. Concentration-effect curves were built for noradrenaline, in the
presence of L-NAME or prazosin, acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and KCl. In
addition, Ca2+ flux was also evaluated. Results Chronic stress induced hypertension, decreased the vascular response to KCl and to
noradrenaline, and increased the vascular response to acetylcholine. L-NAME
blunted the difference observed in noradrenaline curves. Furthermore, contractile
response to Ca2+ was decreased in the aorta of stressed rats. Conclusion Our data suggest that the vascular response to chronic stress is an adaptation to
its deleterious effects, such as hypertension. In addition, this adaptation is NO-
and Ca2+-dependent. These data help to clarify the contribution of
stress to cardiovascular abnormalities. However, further studies are necessary to
better elucidate the mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular dysfunction
associated with stressors. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014; [online].ahead print,
PP.0-0)
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dijon Henrique Salome Campos
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlose Cicogna
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baptista RDFF, Taipeiro EDF, Queiroz RHC, Chies AB, Cordellini S. Stress alone or associated with ethanol induces prostanoid release in rat aorta via alpha2-Adrenoceptor. Arq Bras Cardiol 2014; 102:211-8. [PMID: 24676223 PMCID: PMC3987321 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20140015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress and ethanol are both, independently, important cardiovascular risk
factors. Objective To evaluate the cardiovascular risk of ethanol consumption and stress exposure,
isolated and in association, in male adult rats. Methods Rats were separated into 4 groups: Control, ethanol (20% in drinking water for 6
weeks), stress (immobilization 1h day/5 days a week for 6 weeks) and
stress/ethanol. Concentration-responses curves to noradrenaline - in the absence
and presence of yohimbine, L-NAME or indomethacin - or to phenylephrine were
determined in thoracic aortas with and without endothelium. EC50 and maximum
response (n=8-12) were compared using two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni method. Results Either stress or stress in association with ethanol consumption increased the
noradrenaline maximum responses in intact aortas. This hyper-reactivity was
eliminated by endothelium removal or by the presence of either indomethacin or
yohimbine, but was not altered by the presence of L-NAME. Meanwhile, ethanol
consumption did not alter the reactivity to noradrenaline. The phenylephrine
responses in aortas both with and without endothelium also remained unaffected
regardless of protocol. Conclusion Chronic stress increased rat aortic responses to noradrenaline. This effect is
dependent upon the vascular endothelium and involves the release of
vasoconstrictor prostanoids via stimulation of endothelial alpha-2 adrenoceptors.
Moreover, chronic ethanol consumption appeared to neither influence noradrenaline
responses in rat thoracic aorta, nor did it modify the increase of such responses
observed as a consequence of stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regina Helena Costa Queiroz
- Departamento de Análise Clínica - Toxicológica e Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Agnaldo Bruno Chies
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sandra Cordellini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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