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Du X, Ronayne S, Lee SS, Hendry J, Hoxworth D, Bock R, Ferguson SJ. 3D-Printed PEEK/Silicon Nitride Scaffolds with a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structure for Spinal Fusion Implants. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3319-3329. [PMID: 37561906 PMCID: PMC10445264 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The issue of spine-related disorders is a global healthcare concern that requires effective solutions to restore normal spine functioning. Spinal fusion implants have become a standard approach for this purpose, making it crucial to develop biomaterials and structures that possess high osteogenic capacities and exhibit mechanical properties and dynamic responses similar to those of the host bone. This study focused on the fabrication of 3D-printed polyether ether ketone/silicon nitride (PEEK/SiN) scaffolds with a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure, which offers several advantages, such as a large surface area and uniform stress distribution under load. The mechanical properties and dynamic response of PEEK/SiN scaffolds with varying porosities were evaluated through mechanical testing and finite element analysis. The scaffold with 30% porosity exhibited a compressive strength (34.56 ± 1.91 MPa) and elastic modulus (734 ± 64 MPa) similar to those of trabecular bone. In addition, the scaffold demonstrated favorable damping properties. The biological data revealed that incorporating silicon nitride into the PEEK scaffold stimulated osteogenic differentiation. In light of these findings, it can be inferred that PEEK/SiN TPMS scaffolds exhibit significant potential for use in bone tissue engineering and represent a promising option as candidates for spinal fusion implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Du
- Institute
for Biomechanics,ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sean Ronayne
- SINTX
Technologies, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84119, United States
| | - Seunghun S. Lee
- Institute
for Biomechanics,ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jackson Hendry
- SINTX
Technologies, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84119, United States
| | - Douglas Hoxworth
- SINTX
Technologies, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84119, United States
| | - Ryan Bock
- SINTX
Technologies, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84119, United States
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Wang Y, Wang L, Du C, Mo Z, Fan Y. A comparative study on dynamic stiffness in typical finite element model and multi-body model of C6-C7 cervical spine segment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 32:e02750. [PMID: 26466546 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to numerous researches on static or quasi-static stiffness of cervical spine segments, very few investigations on their dynamic stiffness were published. Currently, scale factors and estimated coefficients were usually used in multi-body models for including viscoelastic properties and damping effects, meanwhile viscoelastic properties of some tissues were unavailable for establishing finite element models. Because dynamic stiffness of cervical spine segments in these models were difficult to validate because of lacking in experimental data, we tried to gain some insights on current modeling methods through studying dynamic stiffness differences between these models. A finite element model and a multi-body model of C6-C7 segment were developed through using available material data and typical modeling technologies. These two models were validated with quasi-static response data of the C6-C7 cervical spine segment. Dynamic stiffness differences were investigated through controlling motions of C6 vertebrae at different rates and then comparing their reaction forces or moments. Validation results showed that both the finite element model and the multi-body model could generate reasonable responses under quasi-static loads, but the finite element segment model exhibited more nonlinear characters. Dynamic response investigations indicated that dynamic stiffness of this finite element model might be underestimated because of the absence of dynamic stiffen effect and damping effects of annulus fibrous, while representation of these effects also need to be improved in current multi-body model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chengfei Du
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhongjun Mo
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road 37, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, 100176, China
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Geometrical aspects of patient-specific modelling of the intervertebral disc: collagen fibre orientation and residual stress distribution. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2015; 15:543-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-015-0709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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ZHAO XI, LIU YOUJUN, DING JINLI, BAI FAN, REN XIAOCHEN, MA LIANCAI, XIE JINSHENG, ZHANG HAO. NUMERICAL STUDY OF BIDIRECTIONAL GLENN WITH UNILATERAL PULMONARY ARTERY STENOSIS. J MECH MED BIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519414500560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital heart disease and is usually associated with pulmonary artery stenosis. The superior vena cava-to-pulmonary artery (bidirectional Glenn) shunt is used primarily as a staging procedure to the total cava-to-pulmonary connection for single-ventricle complex. When HLHS coexists with pulmonary artery stenosis, the surgeons then face a multiple problem. This leads to high demand of optimized structure of Glenn surgery. The objective of this article is to investigate the influence of various anastomotic structures and the direction of superior vena cava (SVC) in Glenn on hemodynamics under pulse inflow conditions and try to find an optimal structure of SVC in Glenn surgery with unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis.Method: First, 3D patient-specific models were constructed from medical images of a HLHS patient before any surgery by using the commercial software Mimics, and another software Free-form was used to deform the reconstructed models in the computer. Four 3D patient-specific Glenn models were constructed: model-1 (normal Glenn), model-2 (lean the SVC back to the stenotic pulmonary artery), model-3 (lean the SVC towards the stenotic pulmonary artery), model-4 (add patch at junction of the SVC toward stenosis at pulmonary artery). Second, a lumped parameter model (LPM) was established to predict boundary conditions for computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In addition, numerical simulations were conducted using CFD through the finite volume method. Finally, hemodynamic parameters were obtained and evaluated.Results: It was showed that model-4 have relatively balanced vena cava blood perfusion into the left pulmonary artery (LPA) and right pulmonary artery (RPA), this may be due to less helical flow and the patch at junction of the SVC. Near stenosis of pulmonary artery, model-4 performed with the higher wall shear stress (WSS), which would benefit endothelial cell function and gene expression. In addition, results showed that model-4 performed with the lower oscillatory shear index (OSI) and wall shear stress gradient (WSSG), which would decrease the opportunity of vascular intimal hyperplasia.Conclusion: It is benefited that surgeons adds patch at junction of the SVC towards stenosis at pulmonary artery. These results can impact the surgical design and planning of the Glenn surgery with unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- XI ZHAO
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100124, P. R. China
| | - YOUJUN LIU
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100124, P. R. China
| | - JINLI DING
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University 100069, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - FAN BAI
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100124, P. R. China
| | - XIAOCHEN REN
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100124, P. R. China
| | - LIANCAI MA
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100124, P. R. China
| | - JINSHENG XIE
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100029, P. R. China
| | - HAO ZHANG
- Beijing Fuwai Hospital CAMS&PUMC, No. 167 Beilishi Road Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China 100037, P. R. China
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Modelling the Influence of Heterogeneous Annulus Material Property Distribution on Intervertebral Disk Mechanics. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:1760-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schmidt H, Galbusera F, Rohlmann A, Shirazi-Adl A. What have we learned from finite element model studies of lumbar intervertebral discs in the past four decades? J Biomech 2013; 46:2342-55. [PMID: 23962527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Finite element analysis is a powerful tool routinely used to study complex biological systems. For the last four decades, the lumbar intervertebral disc has been the focus of many such investigations. To understand the disc functional biomechanics, a precise knowledge of the disc mechanical, structural and biochemical environments at the microscopic and macroscopic levels is essential. In response to this need, finite element model studies have proven themselves as reliable and robust tools when combined with in vitro and in vivo measurements. This paper aims to review and discuss some salient findings of reported finite element simulations of lumbar intervertebral discs with special focus on their relevance and implications in disc functional biomechanics. Towards this goal, the earlier investigations are presented, discussed and summarized separately in three distinct groups of elastic, multi-phasic transient and transport model studies. The disc overall response as well as the relative role of its constituents are markedly influenced by loading rate, magnitude, combinations/preloads and posture. The nucleus fluid content and pressurizing capacity affect the disc compliance, annulus strains and failure sites/modes. Biodynamics of the disc is affected by not only the excitation characteristics but also preloads, existing mass and nucleus condition. The role of fluid pressurization and collagen fiber stiffening diminish with time during diurnal loading. The endplates permeability influences the time-dependent response of the disc in both loaded and unloaded recovery phases. The transport of solutes is substantially influenced by the disc size, tissue diffusivity and endplates permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Schmidt
- Julius Wolff Institut, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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