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Dingelstedt KJ, Rowson S. Characterizing Natural Frequencies of the Hybrid III and NOCSAE Headforms. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03498-w. [PMID: 38558355 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The vibrational characteristics of the Hybrid III and NOCSAE headforms are not well understood. It is hypothesized that they may perform differently in certain loading environments due to their structural differences; their frequency responses may differ depending on the impact characteristics. Short-duration impacts excite a wider range of headform frequencies than longer-duration (padded) impacts. While headforms generally perform similarly during padded head impacts where resonant frequencies are avoided, excitation of resonant frequencies during short-duration impacts can result in differences in kinematic measurements between headforms for the matched impacts. This study aimed to identify the natural frequencies of each headform through experimental modal analysis techniques. An impulse hammer was used to excite various locations on both the Hybrid III and NOCSAE headforms. The resulting frequency response functions were analyzed to determine the first natural frequencies. The average first natural frequency of the NOCSAE headform was 812 Hz. The Hybrid III headform did not exhibit any natural frequencies below 1000 Hz. Comparisons of our results with previous studies of the human head suggest that the NOCSAE headform's vibrational response aligns more closely with that of the human head, as it exhibits lower natural frequencies. This insight is particularly relevant for assessing head injury risk in short-duration impact scenarios, where resonant frequencies can influence the injury outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Rowson
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
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2
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Liu YT, Dong RC, Liu Z, Gao X, Tang SJ, Yu SH. Finite element analysis of the cervical spine: dynamic characteristics and material property sensitivity study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38235712 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2304285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the cervical spine and determine the effect of the material properties of the cervical spinal components on it. A finite element model of the head-cervical spine was developed based on CT scan data, and the first six orders of modes (e.g. flexion-extension, lateral bending, and vertical, etc.) were verified by experimental and simulation studies. The material sensitivity study was conducted by varying elasticity modulus of cervical hard tissues (cortical bone, cancellous bone, endplates, and posterior elements) and soft tissues (intervertebral disc and ligaments). The results showed that increasing the elastic modulus of ligaments by 4 times increased the natural frequency by 77%, while increasing that of cancellous bone by 4 times only increased the natural frequency by 6%. In the axial mode, the cervical spine had not only axial deformation but also anterior-posterior deformation, with the largest deformation located at the intervertebral disc C6-C7. Decreasing the elastic modulus of a component in soft tissues by 80% increased modal displacement by up to 62%. The material properties of the intervertebral discs and ligaments had opposite effects on the modal displacement and deformation of the cervical spine. Low cervical discs were more susceptible to injury in a vertical vibration environment. Cervical spine dynamics were more sensitive to soft tissue material properties than to hard tissue material properties. Disc degeneration could reduce the range of vibratory motion of the cervical spine, thereby reducing the ability of the cervical spine to cushion head impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
| | - Rui-Chun Dong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Oncology Department, ZiBo Central Hospital, Zibo, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
| | - Sheng-Jie Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
| | - Shi-Hong Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
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Jia S, Lin L, Yang H, Xie J, Liu Z, Zhang T, Fan J, Han L. Biodynamic responses of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis exposed to vibration. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:271-284. [PMID: 36385615 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis suffer severe health issues. The unclear dynamic biomechanical characteristics of scoliosis were needed to be explored to improve the prevention and treatment in clinics. Validated 3D finite element (FE) models of thoracolumbosacral spine (T1-S1) both with and without scoliosis were developed from computed tomography (CT) images. Modal and harmonic analyses were performed to investigate the biomechanical responses of the spinal models to vibration. Resonant frequencies of the scoliotic model were lower than those of the model without scoliosis. Peak amplitudes occurred at vibrational frequencies close to the modal resonant frequencies, which caused the deformed thoracic segment in scoliosis suffered the maximum amplitude. The stresses on vertebrae and intervertebral discs in the scoliotic model derived from vibrations were significantly larger than those in the non-scoliosis model, and heterogeneously concentrated on the scoliotic thoracic segment. In conclusion, the scoliotic spine in the patients with Lenke 1BN scoliosis is more prone to injuries than the non-scoliotic spine while vibrating. Scoliotic thoracic segments in patients with Lenke 1BN scoliosis were the more vulnerable and sensitive component of the T1-S1 spine to vibration than lumbar spines. This study suggested that vibration would impair the scoliotic spines, and patients with Lenke 1BN scoliosis should avoid exposure to vibration, especially the low-frequency vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Liying Lin
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hufei Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Junde Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zefeng Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyou Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Fan
- School of Foreign Languages, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Han
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. .,Medical College, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Kohtanen E, Mazzotti M, Ruzzene M, Erturk A. Vibration-based elastic parameter identification of the diploë and cortical tables in dry cranial bones. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 123:104747. [PMID: 34399287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Various human skull models feature a layered cranial structure composed of homogeneous cortical tables and the inner diploë. However, there is a lack of fundamental validation work of such three-layer cranial bone models by combining high-fidelity computational modeling and rigorous experiments. Here, non-contact vibration experiments are conducted on an assortment of dry bone segments from the largest cranial bone regions (parietal, frontal, occipital, and temporal) to estimate the first handful of modal frequencies and damping ratios, as well as mode shapes, in the audio frequency regime. Numerical models that consider the cortical tables and the diploë as domains with separate isotropic material properties are constructed for each bone segment using a routine that identifies the cortical table-diploë boundaries from micro-computed tomography scan images, and reconstructs a three-dimensional geometry layer by layer. The material properties for cortical tables and diploë are obtained using a Hounsfield Unit-based mass density calculation combined with a parameter identification scheme for Young's modulus estimation. With the identified parameters, the average error between experimental and numerical modal frequencies is 1.3% and the modal assurance criterion values for most modes are above 0.90, indicating that the layered model is suitable for predicting the vibrational behavior of cranial bone. The proposed layered modeling and identified elastic parameters are also useful to support computational modeling of cranial guided waves and mode conversion in medical ultrasound. Additionally, the diploë elastic properties are rarely reported in the literature, making this work a fundamental characterization effort that can guide in the selection of material properties for human head models that consider layered cranial bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kohtanen
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - M Mazzotti
- P. M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - M Ruzzene
- P. M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - A Erturk
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Sandberg M, Tse KM, Tan LB, Lee HP. A computational study of the EN 1078 impact test for bicycle helmets using a realistic subject-specific finite element head model. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2018; 21:684-692. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2018.1511775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sandberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kwong Ming Tse
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Long Bin Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Heow Pueh Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Boccia E, Gizzi A, Cherubini C, Nestola MGC, Filippi S. Viscoelastic computational modeling of the human head-neck system: Eigenfrequencies and time-dependent analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 34:e2900. [PMID: 28548240 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A subject-specific 3-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of the human head-neck system is presented and investigated based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance biomedical images. Ad hoc imaging processing tools are developed for the reconstruction of the simulation domain geometry and the internal distribution of bone and soft tissues. Material viscoelastic properties are characterized point-wise through an image-based interpolating function used then for assigning the constitutive prescriptions of a heterogenous viscoelastic continuum model. The numerical study is conducted both for modal and time-dependent analyses, compared with similar studies and validated against experimental evidences. Spatiotemporal analyses are performed upon different exponential swept-sine wave-localized stimulations. The modeling approach proposes a generalized, patient-specific investigation of sound wave transmission and attenuation within the human head-neck system comprising skull and brain tissues. Model extensions and applications are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boccia
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - A Gizzi
- Department of Engineering, Universitá Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - C Cherubini
- Department of Engineering, Universitá Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - M G C Nestola
- Universitá della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Computational Science, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, Lugano 9600, Switzerland
| | - S Filippi
- Department of Engineering, Universitá Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy
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Fan M, Dai P, Zheng B, Li X. Constructing three-dimensional detachable and composable computer models of the head and neck. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2015; 38:271-81. [PMID: 26091713 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-015-0358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The head and neck region has a complex spatial and topological structure, three-dimensional (3D) computer model of the region can be used in anatomical education, radiotherapy planning and surgical training. However, most of the current models only consist of a few parts of the head and neck, and the 3D models are not detachable and composable. In this study, a high-resolution 3D detachable and composable model of the head and neck was constructed based on computed tomography (CT) serial images. First, fine CT serial images of the head and neck were obtained. Then, a color lookup table was created for 58 structures, which was used to create anatomical atlases of the head and neck. Then, surface and volume rendering methods were used to reconstruct 3D models of the head and neck. Smoothing and polygon reduction steps were added to improve 3D rendering effects. 3D computer models of the head and neck, including the sinus, pharynx, vasculature, nervous system, endocrine system and glands, muscles, bones and skin, were reconstructed. The models consisted of 58 anatomical detachable and composable structures and each structure can be displayed individually or together with other structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fan
- Department of Education and Law, Hunan Women's University, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
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