1
|
Coyne LM, Newell M, Hoozemans MJM, Morrison A, Brown SJ. Marker location and knee joint constraint affect the reporting of overhead squat kinematics in elite youth football players. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:740-757. [PMID: 33666149 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1890197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Motion capture systems are used in the analysis and interpretation of athlete movement patterns for a variety of reasons, but data integrity remains critical regardless. The extent to which marker location or constraining degrees of freedom (DOF) in the biomechanical model impacts on this integrity lacks consensus. Ten elite academy footballers performed bilateral overhead squats using a marker-based motion capture system. Kinematic data were calculated using four different marker sets with 3DOF and 6DOF configurations for the three joint rotations of the right knee. Root mean squared error differences between marker sets ranged in the sagittal plane between 1.02 and 4.19 degrees to larger values in the frontal (1.30-6.39 degrees) and transverse planes (1.33 and 7.97 degrees). The cross-correlation function of the knee kinematic time series for all eight marker-sets ranged from excellent for sagittal plane motion (>0.99) but reduced for both coronal and transverse planes (<0.9). Two-way ANOVA repeated measures calculated at peak knee flexion revealed significant differences between marker sets for frontal and transverse planes (p < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences between some marker sets. Marker location and constraining DOF while measuring relatively large ranges of motion in this population are important considerations for data integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Coyne
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Arsenal Performance & Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
- Insight, Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Micheál Newell
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marco J M Hoozemans
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Morrison
- Cambridge Centre for Sports and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan J Brown
- School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ji R, Lee WYW, Guan X, Yan B, Yang L, Yang J, Wang L, Tao C, Kuai S, Fan Y. Comparison of plugin and redundant marker sets to analyze gait kinematics between different populations. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:122. [PMID: 38087307 PMCID: PMC10717987 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait model consists of a marker set and a segment pose estimation algorithm. Plugin marker set and inverse kinematic algorithm (IK.) are prevalent in gait analysis, especially musculoskeletal motion analysis. Adding extra markers for the plugin marker set could increase the robustness to marker misplacement, motion artifacts, and even markers occlusion. However, how the different marker sets affect the gait analysis's kinematic output is unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of marker sets on the kinematic output during level walking in different populations. RESULTS In all three planes, there are significant differences (P < 0.05) between marker sets in some kinematic variables at the hip, knee, and ankle. In different populations, the kinematic variables that show significant differences varied. When comparing the kinematic differences between populations using the two marker sets separately, the range of motion (ROM) of hip flexion was only found to be a significant difference using the redundant marker set, while the peak internal rotation at the knee was only found a significant difference using plugin marker set. In addition, the redundant marker set shows less intra-subject variation than the plugin marker set. CONCLUSION The findings in this study demonstrate the importance of marker set selection since it could change the result when comparing the kinematic differences between populations. Therefore, it is essential to increase the caution in explaining the result when using different marker sets. It is crucial to use the same marker set, and the redundant marker set might be a better choice for gait analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run Ji
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinyu Guan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518039, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Shenzhen Youth Spine Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518039, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Shenzhen Youth Spine Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiemeng Yang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjing Tao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Shengzheng Kuai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518039, China.
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Shenzhen Youth Spine Health Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peebles AT, Miller TK, Queen RM. Landing biomechanics deficits in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients can be assessed in a non-laboratory setting. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:150-158. [PMID: 33738820 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Landing biomechanics provide important information pertaining to second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk in patients following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). While traditional motion analysis technologies are often impractical for use in non-laboratory settings, methods to assess landing biomechanics which are inexpensive, portable, and user-friendly have recently been developed and validated. The purpose of this study was to compare landing kinematics and kinetics between ACLR patients and uninjured controls in a non-laboratory setting. Sixteen ACLR patients (7 male/9 female, 6-12 months post-ACLR) and 16 gender-matched controls completed seven bilateral drop vertical jumps and seven unilateral drop landings on each limb. Plantar force was measured bilaterally using force sensing insoles and frontal and sagittal-plane knee kinematics were measured using two tablets, six reflective markers, and automated point tracking software. Plantar force impulse normalized symmetry index (NSI) and knee frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) range of motion were computed during bilateral landing, and knee flexion range of motion NSI was computed during unilateral landing and compared between groups using independent samples t tests. ACLR patients had larger NSIs (reflecting less symmetry) for plantar force impulse during bilateral landing (p < 0.001) and knee flexion range of motion during unilateral landing (p = 0.004). No between-group differences were observed for knee FPPA range of motion (p = 0.111). This study is an important step towards assessing landing biomechanics in non-research settings with the goal of providing quantitative injury risk metrics in a clinical setting that can be used for return to sport decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Peebles
- Granata Biomechanics Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas K Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Robin M Queen
- Granata Biomechanics Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chappell A, Liew B, Murphy AT, Gibson N, Allison GT, Williams G, Morris SL. The effect of joint translation constraint on within-participant variability of kinematics and kinetics during running in cerebral palsy. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 63:54-62. [PMID: 30844578 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanical data in cerebral palsy are inherently variable but no optimal model of translational joint constraint has been identified. The primary aim of this study was to determine which model of translational joint constraint resulted in the lowest within-participant variability of lower limb joint angles and moments. The secondary aim was to determine which model best distinguished known functional groups in Cerebral Palsy. METHODS Three models (three degrees of freedom, six degrees of freedom and six degrees of freedom with specified joint translation constraint) were applied to data from running trials of 40 children with cerebral palsy. FINDINGS Joint angle standard deviations were largest using the six degrees of freedom model and smallest using the constrained six degrees of freedom model (p < 0.050). For all joints in all planes of motion, joint moment standard deviations were largest using the six degrees of freedom model and smallest using the constrained six degrees of freedom model; standard deviations using the constrained model were smaller than the three degrees of freedom model by 10-30% of moment magnitude (0.01-0.03 Nm/kg; p < 0.001). The six degrees of freedom models distinguished functional subgroups with larger effect size than the three degrees of freedom model only for hip power generation in swing. INTERPRETATION A model with specified joint constraint minimized within-participant variability during running and was useful for detecting differences in functional capacity in cerebral palsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Chappell
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - B Liew
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - A T Murphy
- Clinical Research Centre for Movement Disorders and Gait, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - N Gibson
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - G T Allison
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - G Williams
- School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Epworth HealthCare, Victoria, Australia.
| | - S L Morris
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Slater AA, Hullfish TJ, Baxter JR. The impact of thigh and shank marker quantity on lower extremity kinematics using a constrained model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:399. [PMID: 30424811 PMCID: PMC6234533 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal models are commonly used to quantify joint motions and loads during human motion. Constraining joint kinematics simplifies these models but the implications of the placement and quantity of markers used during data acquisition remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of marker placement and quantity on lower extremity kinematics calculated using a constrained-kinematic model. We hypothesized that a constrained-kinematic model would produce lower-extremity kinematics errors that correlated with the number of tracking markers removed from the thigh and shank. Methods Healthy-young adults (N = 10) walked on a treadmill at slow, moderate, and fast speeds while skin-mounted markers were tracked using motion capture. Lower extremity kinematics were calculated for 256 combinations of leg and shank markers to establish the implications of marker placement and quantity on joint kinematics. Marker combinations that yielded differences greater than 5 degrees were tested with paired t-tests and the relationship between number of markers and kinematic errors were modeled with polynomials to determine goodness of fit (R2). Results Sagittal joint and hip coronal kinematics errors were smaller than documented errors caused by soft-tissue artifact, which tends to be approximately 5 degrees, when excluding thigh and shank markers. Joint angle and center kinematic errors negatively correlated with the number of markers included in the analyses (R2 > 0.97) and typically showed the greatest error reductions when two markers were included on the thigh or shank segments. Further, we demonstrated that a simplified marker set that included markers on the pelvis, lateral knee condyle, lateral malleolus, and shoes produced kinematics that strongly agreed with the traditional marker set that included 3 tracking markers for each segment. Conclusion Constrained-kinematic models are resilient to marker placement and quantity, which has implications on study design and post-processing workflows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A Slater
- Human Motion Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3737 Market Street, Suite 702, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Todd J Hullfish
- Human Motion Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3737 Market Street, Suite 702, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Josh R Baxter
- Human Motion Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3737 Market Street, Suite 702, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A survey of human shoulder functional kinematic representations. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 57:339-367. [PMID: 30367391 PMCID: PMC6347660 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this survey, we review the field of human shoulder functional kinematic representations. The central question of this review is to evaluate whether the current approaches in shoulder kinematics can meet the high-reliability computational challenge. This challenge is posed by applications such as robot-assisted rehabilitation. Currently, the role of kinematic representations in such applications has been mostly overlooked. Therefore, we have systematically searched and summarised the existing literature on shoulder kinematics. The shoulder is an important functional joint, and its large range of motion (ROM) poses several mathematical and practical challenges. Frequently, in kinematic analysis, the role of the shoulder articulation is approximated to a ball-and-socket joint. Following the high-reliability computational challenge, our review challenges this inappropriate use of reductionism. Therefore, we propose that this challenge could be met by kinematic representations, that are redundant, that use an active interpretation and that emphasise on functional understanding.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wen Y, Huang H, Yu Y, Zhang S, Yang J, Ao Y, Xia S. Effect of tibia marker placement on knee joint kinematic analysis. Gait Posture 2018; 60:99-103. [PMID: 29175641 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Variability of kinematic measures determined by different marker sets among sites participating in a collaborative study is necessary for determining the reliability of a multi-site gait analysis research. We compared knee kinematics based on different marker sets on the tibia, calculating by segmental optimization (SO) and multi-body optimization (MBO) methods respectively, in order to assess the effect of marker locations on the methods. 11 healthy subjects participated in the study with 33 markers attached to the lower extremity segments, and 4 groups were identified according to markers on the tibia. Knee joint kinematics during level walking were measured and then compared among the 4 groups using statistical parametric mapping. For SO method, the results showed that there were no significant differences in the knee joint angles when used different marker sets on the tibia. However, significant differences were found in the transverse plane kinematics for MBO method. It was concluded that MBO method was more likely to be influenced by different marker sets. More attention should be paid to marker sets, specifically for MBO method, when three-dimensional gait analysis data are shared and interpreted among sites for clinical decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wen
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongshi Huang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Shihong Xia
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gatti G. Conceptual design and implantation of an external fixator with improved mobility for knee rehabilitation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2017; 20:884-892. [PMID: 28332404 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1307342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A hinged external fixator is used to allow early knee rehabilitation in case of injury or trauma, as an alternative approach to immobilization. It is mainly adopted for the treatment of dislocations, which involve tearing of the ligaments, and it basically consists of two links connected to each other by a revolute joint. Each link is fixed to the femur and tibia via pin fixation, and the revolute joint is approximately aligned to the knee flexion-extension (FE) axis. The advantage in its implantation is to protect ligament reconstruction, while allowing for an aggressive rehabilitation. Traditional fixators only accommodate the functional flexion movement in a limited range, i.e. where the anatomical movement is closer to a planar circular trajectory. This paper presents the conceptual design and implantation procedure of a double-axis fixator, which accommodates both FE and longitudinal internal-external rotation. The procedure is based on accurate knee kinematics measurements and on computer-aided multibody simulations to assist clinicians in the implantation. An experimental test is presented using an artificial knee, and guidelines are given for in vitro studies. The proposed technique may allow for a better understanding of knee kinematics and have the potential advantage to increase the range of motion in postoperative rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gatti
- a Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering , University of Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende (CS) , Italy
| |
Collapse
|