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Kobayashi Y, Ikoma K, Maki M, Imai K, Kido M, Okubo N, Sotozono Y, Wang Z, Hirai S, Tanaka M, Takahashi K. Determining the changes in morphology and loading status following medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy for flatfoot using patient-specific finite element models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14766. [PMID: 38926451 PMCID: PMC11208449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO) is the standard procedure for flatfoot. We investigated the effect of MDCO on the foot using a finite element analysis. Foot models were created from computed tomography data of 8 patients with flat feet. MDCO was performed on each model with bone translation distance of 4, 8, and 12 mm. The morphological changes, plantar pressures, and stress percentage on the talocrural and subtalar joints were evaluated before and after surgery. Morphological evaluation showed improvement in the medial longitudinal arch. The stress percentage of plantar pressure in the medial area decreased, and the stress percentage of plantar pressure in the mid- and lateral forefoot area increased. At the talocrural joint, the medial and middle stress percentage increased, while the lateral and posterior stress percentage decreased. In the subtalar joint, the stress percentage in the middle subtalar joint increased and that in the posterior subtalar joint decreased. Within the posterior subtalar joint, the anterior and medial stress percentage increased, while the posterior and lateral stress percentage decreased. Preoperative simulation using the finite element analysis may be useful in understanding postoperative morphological changes and loading conditions to perform patient-specific surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ikoma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Maki
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kan Imai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Kido
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Okubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sotozono
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Zhongkui Wang
- Department of Robotics, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hirai
- Department of Robotics, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Subasi O, Sharma S, Karaismailoglu B, Hresko A, Waryasz G, Ashkani-Esfahani S, Bejarano-Pineda L. In silico comparative biomechanical analysis of oblique and chevron medial displacement calcaneal osteotomies for pes planus deformity. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107945. [PMID: 38199207 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.107945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medializing displacement calcaneal osteotomy is commonly performed as part of reconstructive surgery for patients with valgus hindfoot and progressive pes planus deformity. Among several types of calcaneal osteotomies, the oblique and Chevron osteotomy patterns have been commonly described in the literature and gained popularity as they are easily reproducible through percutaneous techniques. Currently, there is scarce evidence in the literature on which cut pattern is superior in terms of stability. To investigate the impact of cut pattern and posterior fragment medialization level on foot biomechanics, computational methods are employed. METHODS Ankle weightbearing computer tomography (CT) scans of seven patients diagnosed with stage II pes planus deformity are segmented and converted into 3D computational models. Oblique and Chevron osteotomy patterns are modeled independently for each patient. The posterior fragments are medially translated by 8-, 10- and 12-mm and subsequently fixated to the anterior calcaneus with two screws. A total of 42 models are exported to finite element software for biomechanical simulations. Among the investigated parameters, the higher stiffness and lower von Mises stress at the osteotomy interface and the screw site are assumed to be precursors of better stability. RESULTS It is recorded that as the medialization level increases, the stiffness decreases, and overall stresses increase. Also, it is observed that the Chevron cut produces a stiffer construct while the overall stresses are lower, indicating better stability when compared to the oblique cut. The statistical comparisons of the relevant groups that support these trends are found to be significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Chevron osteotomy showed superior stability compared to the oblique osteotomy while underscoring the negative impact of increased medialization of the posterior fragment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Opting for a lower medialization level and implementing the Chevron technique may facilitate union and earlier weightbearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Subasi
- Foot & Ankle Research and Innovation Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02493, USA.
| | - Siddartha Sharma
- Foot & Ankle Research and Innovation Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02493, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bedri Karaismailoglu
- Foot & Ankle Research and Innovation Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02493, USA; CAST (Cerrahpasa Research Simulation and Design) Laboratory, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrew Hresko
- Foot & Ankle Research and Innovation Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02493, USA; Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program (HCORP), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Waryasz
- Foot & Ankle Research and Innovation Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02493, USA
| | - Soheil Ashkani-Esfahani
- Foot & Ankle Research and Innovation Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02493, USA
| | - Lorena Bejarano-Pineda
- Foot & Ankle Research and Innovation Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02493, USA
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Zhu J, Forman J. A Review of Finite Element Models of Ligaments in the Foot and Considerations for Practical Application. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:1133332. [PMID: 35079785 DOI: 10.1115/1.4053401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Finite element (FE) modeling has been used as a research tool for investigating underlying ligaments biomechanics and orthopedic applications. However, FE models of the ligament in the foot have been developed with various configurations, mainly due to their complex 3D geometry, material properties, and boundary conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to summarize the current state of finite element modeling approaches that have been used in the ?eld of ligament biomechanics, to discuss their applicability to foot ligament modeling in a practical setting, and also to acknowledge current limitations and challenges. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed. Each article was analyzed in terms of the methods used for: (a) ligament geometry, (b) material property, (c) boundary and loading condition related to its application, and (d) model verification and validation. RESULTS Of the reviewed studies, 80% of the studies used simplified representations of ligament geometry, the non-linear mechanical behavior of ligaments was taken into account in only 19.2% of the studies, 33% of included studies did not include any kind of validation of the FE model. CONCLUSION Further refinement in the functional modeling of ligaments, the micro-structure level characteristics, nonlinearity, and time-dependent response, may be warranted to ensure the predictive ability of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Zhu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Rd., Shanghai, China, 200444
| | - Jason Forman
- Center for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA
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Tarrade T, Dakhil N, Behr M, Salin D, Llari M. Real-Time Analysis of the Dynamic Foot Function: A Machine Learning and Finite Element Approach. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:041005. [PMID: 33156350 DOI: 10.1115/1.4049024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Finite element analysis (FEA) has been widely used to study foot biomechanics and pathological functions or effects of therapeutic solutions. However, development and analysis of such foot modeling is complex and time-consuming. The purpose of this study was therefore to propose a method coupling a FE foot model with a model order reduction (MOR) technique to provide real-time analysis of the dynamic foot function. A generic and parametric FE foot model was developed and dynamically validated during stance phase of gait. Based on a design of experiment of 30 FE simulations including four parameters related to foot function, the MOR method was employed to create a prediction model of the center of pressure (COP) path that was validated with four more random simulations. The four predicted COP paths were obtained with a 3% root-mean-square-error (RMSE) in less than 1 s. The time-dependent analysis demonstrated that the subtalar joint position and the midtarsal joint laxity are the most influential factors on the foot functions. These results provide additionally insight into the use of MOR technique to significantly improve speed and power of the FE analysis of the foot function and may support the development of real-time decision support tools based on this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Tarrade
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ., Univ. Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, LBA, UMR T24, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, Marseille cedex 20 F-13016, France; Podo 3D, 1 Rue Chappe, Les Mureaux 78130, France
| | - Nawfal Dakhil
- Technical Institute of Dewaniya, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University-Kufa, Babylon-najaf Street, Al-Kuf 54003, Iraq
| | - Michel Behr
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ., Univ. Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, LBA, UMR T24, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, Marseille cedex 20 F-13016, France
| | - Dorian Salin
- CADLM, 32 Rue Victor Baloche, Wissous 91320, France
| | - Maxime Llari
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, LBA, UMR T24, Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, Marseille cedex 20 F-13016, France
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Cifuentes-De la Portilla C, Larrainzar-Garijo R, Bayod J. Analysis of biomechanical stresses caused by hindfoot joint arthrodesis in the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity: A finite element study. Foot Ankle Surg 2020; 26:412-420. [PMID: 31138491 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments of adult acquired flatfoot deformity in early stages (I-IIa-IIb) are focused on strengthening tendons, in isolation or combined with osteotomies, but in stage III, rigidity of foot deformity requires more restrictive procedures such as hindfoot joint arthrodesis. Few experimental studies have assessed the biomechanical effects of these treatments, because of the difficulty of measuring these parameters in cadavers. Our objective was to quantify the biomechanical stress caused by both isolated hindfoot arthrodesis and triple arthrodesis on the main tissues that support the plantar arch. METHODS An innovative finite element model was used to evaluate some flatfoot scenarios treated with isolated hindfoot arthrodesis and triple arthrodesis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS When arthrodeses are done in situ, talonavicular seems a good option, possible superior to subtalar and at least equivalent to triple. Calcaneocuboid arthrodesis reduces significantly both fascia plantar and spring ligament stresses but concentrates higher stresses around the fused joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cifuentes-De la Portilla
- Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering Group (AMB), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo Larrainzar-Garijo
- Orthopaedics and Trauma Department, Medicine School, Universidad Complutense Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Bayod
- Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering Group (AMB), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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