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Yildiz G, Farhat I, Farrugia L, Bonello J, Zarb-Adami K, Sammut CV, Yilmaz T, Akduman I. Comparison of Microwave Hyperthermia Applicator Designs with Fora Dipole and Connected Array. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6592. [PMID: 37514884 PMCID: PMC10383607 DOI: 10.3390/s23146592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In microwave hyperthermia tumor therapy, electromagnetic waves focus energy on the tumor to elevate the temperature above its normal levels with minimal injury to the surrounding healthy tissue. Microwave hyperthermia applicator design is important for the effectiveness of the therapy and the feasibility of real-time application. In this study, the potential of using fractal octagonal ring antenna elements as a dipole antenna array and as a connected array at 2.45 GHz for breast tumor hyperthermia application was investigated. Microwave hyperthermia treatment models consisting of different fractal octagonal ring antenna array designs and a breast phantom are simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics to obtain the field distributions. The antenna excitation phases and magnitudes are optimized using the global particle swarm algorithm to selectively increase the specific absorption rate at the target region while minimizing hot spots in other regions within the breast. Specific absorption rate distributions, obtained inside the phantom, are analyzed for each proposed microwave hyperthermia applicator design. The dipole fractal octagonal ring antenna arrays are comparatively assessed for three different designs: circular, linear, and Cross-array. The 16-antenna dipole array performance was superior for all three 1-layer applicator designs, and no distinct difference was found between 16-antenna circular, linear, or cross arrays. Two-layer dipole arrays have better performance in the deep-tissue targets than one-layer arrays. The performance of the connected array with a higher number of layers exceeds the performance of the dipole arrays in the superficial regions, while they are comparable for deep regions of the breast. The 1-layer 12-antenna circular FORA dipole array feasibility as a microwave hyperthermia applicator was experimentally shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Yildiz
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Iman Farhat
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Lourdes Farrugia
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Julian Bonello
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | | | - Charles V Sammut
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Tuba Yilmaz
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Mitos Medical Technologies, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Akduman
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Mitos Medical Technologies, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey
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Song J, Sun X, Du Y, Wu Q, Niu M, Fu C, Tan L, Ren X, Chen L, Meng X. Micro-Opening Ridged Waveguide Tumor Hyperthermia Antenna Combined with Microwave-Sensitive MOF Material for Tumor Microwave Hyperthermia Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4154-4164. [PMID: 35940588 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microwave hyperthermia is an emerging minimally invasive therapy in which thermal damage and apoptosis of tumor cells are induced by local heating of tissues with microwave radiation. Recently, microwave hyperthermia has been widely used in clinical practice; however, uneven aggregation and dispersion of malignant tumors after microwave hyperthermia are the main problems associated with this method. In this work, a microridged waveguide tumor hyperthermia antenna with an operating frequency of 915 MHz was designed. Although its volume is only 6.6 cm3, it exhibited a highly focused heating effect, achieving rapid heating in a small area. However, microwave hyperthermia has several shortcomings. Microwaves cannot specifically identify and target tumors; this decreases the efficiency of the treatment if the temperature of the tumor site is not sufficiently high for its size and location. Therefore, Zr metal-organic framework (ZrMOF)-derived composite ZCNC was synthesized using the ultrasonic aerosol flow method, which has good microwave sensitization and biosafety. ZCNC reduced the damage to normal cells and greatly improved the tumor treatment effect of microwave hyperthermia (tumor inhibition rate reached 78.01%). Thus, the proposed strategy effectively improves the current clinical microwave hyperthermia treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yongxing Du
- School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Changhui Fu
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Longfei Tan
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangling Ren
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lufeng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Clinical Medical School and First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyiuan 030001, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
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