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Nawar MF, Türler A. New strategies for a sustainable 99mTc supply to meet increasing medical demands: Promising solutions for current problems. Front Chem 2022; 10:926258. [PMID: 35936080 PMCID: PMC9355089 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.926258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuing rapid expansion of 99mTc diagnostic agents always calls for scaling up 99mTc production to cover increasing clinical demand. Nevertheless, 99mTc availability depends mainly on the fission-produced 99Mo supply. This supply is seriously influenced during renewed emergency periods, such as the past 99Mo production crisis or the current COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, these interruptions have promoted the need for 99mTc production through alternative strategies capable of providing clinical-grade 99mTc with high purity. In the light of this context, this review illustrates diverse production routes that either have commercially been used or new strategies that offer potential solutions to promote a rapid production growth of 99mTc. These techniques have been selected, highlighted, and evaluated to imply their impact on developing 99mTc production. Furthermore, their advantages and limitations, current situation, and long-term perspective were also discussed. It appears that, on the one hand, careful attention needs to be devoted to enhancing the 99Mo economy. It can be achieved by utilizing 98Mo neutron activation in commercial nuclear power reactors and using accelerator-based 99Mo production, especially the photonuclear transmutation strategy. On the other hand, more research efforts should be devoted to widening the utility of 99Mo/99mTc generators, which incorporate nanomaterial-based sorbents and promote their development, validation, and full automization in the near future. These strategies are expected to play a vital role in providing sufficient clinical-grade 99mTc, resulting in a reasonable cost per patient dose.
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SHIBATA K, IWAMOTO O, NAKAGAWA T, IWAMOTO N, ICHIHARA A, KUNIEDA S, CHIBA S, FURUTAKA K, OTUKA N, OHSAWA T, MURATA T, MATSUNOBU H, ZUKERAN A, KAMADA S, KATAKURA JI. JENDL-4.0: A New Library for Nuclear Science and Engineering. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/18811248.2011.9711675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 925] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi SHIBATA
- a Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura , Ibaraki , 319-1195 , Japan
| | - Osamu IWAMOTO
- a Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura , Ibaraki , 319-1195 , Japan
| | - Tsuneo NAKAGAWA
- a Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura , Ibaraki , 319-1195 , Japan
| | - Nobuyuki IWAMOTO
- a Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura , Ibaraki , 319-1195 , Japan
| | - Akira ICHIHARA
- a Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura , Ibaraki , 319-1195 , Japan
| | - Satoshi KUNIEDA
- a Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura , Ibaraki , 319-1195 , Japan
| | - Satoshi CHIBA
- a Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura , Ibaraki , 319-1195 , Japan
| | | | - Naohiko OTUKA
- b International Atomic Energy Agency , Wagramer Strasse 5, A-1400 , Vienna , Austria
| | - Takaaki OHSAWA
- c School of Science and Engineering, Kinki University , Higashi-Osaka , 577-8502 , Japan
| | - Toru MURATA
- d Japanese Nuclear Data Committee, Tokai-mura , Ibaraki , 319-1195 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki MATSUNOBU
- d Japanese Nuclear Data Committee, Tokai-mura , Ibaraki , 319-1195 , Japan
| | - Atsushi ZUKERAN
- d Japanese Nuclear Data Committee, Tokai-mura , Ibaraki , 319-1195 , Japan
| | - So KAMADA
- e National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage , Chiba , 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Jun-ichi KATAKURA
- a Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura , Ibaraki , 319-1195 , Japan
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