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Onderwater GLJ, Ligthart L, Bot M, Demirkan A, Fu J, van der Kallen CJH, Vijfhuizen LS, Pool R, Liu J, Vanmolkot FHM, Beekman M, Wen KX, Amin N, Thesing CS, Pijpers JA, Kies DA, Zielman R, de Boer I, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Arts ICW, Milaneschi Y, Schram MT, Dagnelie PC, Franke L, Ikram MA, Ferrari MD, Goeman JJ, Slagboom PE, Wijmenga C, Stehouwer CDA, Boomsma DI, van Duijn CM, Penninx BW, 't Hoen PAC, Terwindt GM, van den Maagdenberg AMJM. Large-scale plasma metabolome analysis reveals alterations in HDL metabolism in migraine. Neurology 2019; 92:e1899-e1911. [PMID: 30944236 PMCID: PMC6550500 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a plasma metabolomic biomarker signature for migraine. METHODS Plasma samples from 8 Dutch cohorts (n = 10,153: 2,800 migraine patients and 7,353 controls) were profiled on a 1H-NMR-based metabolomics platform, to quantify 146 individual metabolites (e.g., lipids, fatty acids, and lipoproteins) and 79 metabolite ratios. Metabolite measures associated with migraine were obtained after single-metabolite logistic regression combined with a random-effects meta-analysis performed in a nonstratified and sex-stratified manner. Next, a global test analysis was performed to identify sets of related metabolites associated with migraine. The Holm procedure was applied to control the family-wise error rate at 5% in single-metabolite and global test analyses. RESULTS Decreases in the level of apolipoprotein A1 (β -0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.16, -0.05; adjusted p = 0.029) and free cholesterol to total lipid ratio present in small high-density lipoprotein subspecies (HDL) (β -0.10; 95% CI -0.15, -0.05; adjusted p = 0.029) were associated with migraine status. In addition, only in male participants, a decreased level of omega-3 fatty acids (β -0.24; 95% CI -0.36, -0.12; adjusted p = 0.033) was associated with migraine. Global test analysis further supported that HDL traits (but not other lipoproteins) were associated with migraine status. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic profiling of plasma yielded alterations in HDL metabolism in migraine patients and decreased omega-3 fatty acids only in male migraineurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit L J Onderwater
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne S Vijfhuizen
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - René Pool
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jun Liu
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Floris H M Vanmolkot
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ke-Xin Wen
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carisha S Thesing
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith A Pijpers
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Kies
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Zielman
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene de Boer
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda T Schram
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Dagnelie
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel D Ferrari
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle J Goeman
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gisela M Terwindt
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- From the Departments of Neurology (G.L.J.O., J.A.P., D.A.K., R.Z., I.d.B., M.D.F., G.M.T., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Human Genetics (A.D., L.S.V., P.A.C.'tH., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Molecular Epidemiology (M.B., P.E.S.), Radiology (D.A.K.), and Medical Statistics (J.J.G.), Leiden University Medical Centre; Department of Biological Psychology (L.L., R.P., D.I.B.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health Institute (L.L.); Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., D.I.B., B.W.P.); Department of Psychiatry (M.B., C.S.T., Y.M., B.W.P.), VU University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam; Departments of Epidemiology (A.D., J.L., K.-x.W., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Neurology (M.A.I.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Departments of Genetics (J.F., L.F., C.W.) and Pediatrics (J.F.), University Medical Centre Groningen; Department of Internal Medicine (C.J.H.v.d.K., F.H.M.V., M.M.J.v.G., M.T.S., C.D.A.S.) and Heart and Vascular Center (M.T.S.), Maastricht University Medical Centre; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.J.H.v.d.K., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A., M.T.S., P.C.D., C.D.A.S.), Department of Epidemiology (I.C.W.A.), MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (I.C.W.A.), and Department of Epidemiology (P.C.D.), Maastricht University; Department of Radiology (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; Leiden Academic Centre in Drug Research, Faculty Science (C.M.v.D.), Leiden University; and Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (P.A.C.'tH.), Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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