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Nemati M, Shayanfar M, Almasi F, Mohammad-Shirazi M, Sharifi G, Aminianfar A, Esmaillzadeh A. Dietary patterns in relation to glioma: a case-control study. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38500219 PMCID: PMC10946126 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the association of individual foods and nutrients with glioma have been investigated, studies on the association of major dietary patterns and glioma are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between major dietary patterns and risk of glioma in a group of Iranian adults. In this hospital-based case-control design, we recruited 128 newly diagnosed glioma cases and 256 controls in Tehran from 2009 to 2011. A Willett-format-validated 126-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess participants' dietary intake. Factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. We identified 3 major dietary patterns using factor analysis: high protein, vegetarian and western dietary pattern. After several adjustments for potential confounders, adherence to the high protein dietary pattern was inversely associated with risk of glioma (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.95). Consumption of vegetarian dietary pattern was also associated with a reduced risk of glioma (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.34). Greater adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with a greater chance of glioma (OR: 3.30; 95% CI: 1.52, 7.17). We found that high protein, vegetarian and western dietary pattern were significantly associated with glioma risk. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nemati
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shayanfar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Almasi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Science, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, No. 226, Ravand Blv, Kashan, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohammad-Shirazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giuve Sharifi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Science, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, No. 226, Ravand Blv, Kashan, 1416753955, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Zhang W, Peng Y, Kang X, Wang C, Chen F, He Y, Li W. Healthy and Unhealthy Plant-Based Diets and Glioma in the Chinese Population. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1401. [PMID: 37891770 PMCID: PMC10605677 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets have been suggested to help prevent various chronic diseases, including cancer. However, there are few reports on central nervous system tumors, and data on dose-response relationships are lacking. This individual-matched case-control study included 506 cases and 506 controls. The overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI) were calculated using dietary information collected through a food frequency questionnaire, with higher scores indicating better adherence. We analyzed the relationship of plant-based diets with glioma. After adequate adjustment for confounders, PDI was associated with a reduced glioma risk (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24-0.72). Conversely, uPDI was associated with an elevated glioma risk (OR = 8.04, 95% CI: 4.15-15.60). However, hPDI was not significantly associated with glioma risk (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.48-1.45). For subgroups, PDI was not significant in analyzing young age, BMI, or any pathological subtypes. The restricted cubic spline function showed a significant dose-response relationship between PDI (p-nonlinearity< 0.0001) and uPDI (p-nonlinearity= 0.0711) and glioma. Further analysis found that refined grains had the greatest effect on gliomas in the less healthy plant-based food group. Therefore, following a plant-based diet was linked to a lower risk of glioma, especially when consuming fewer unhealthy plant-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (W.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.K.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (Y.H.)
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Kim J, Kim M, Shin Y, Cho JH, Lee D, Kim Y. Association between Dietary Diversity Score and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245298. [PMID: 36558457 PMCID: PMC9784032 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary diversity is recognized as a key indicator of dietary quality and is known to affect the burden of non-communicable diseases. This study examined the gender-stratified association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in 5468 adults aged 40−69 years during a 12-year follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). DDS was calculated according to the consumption of the five food groups based on the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Koreans. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate MetS risk according to DDS. A higher DDS was negatively associated with the consumption of grains but positively associated with the consumption of fruits and non-salted vegetables. Furthermore, participants with a higher DDS showed higher consumption of fish and milk. Prospectively, a higher DDS was significantly associated with a lower risk of MetS in men (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63−0.92, p < 0.01). In all participants, a higher DDS was inversely associated with the incidence of abdominal obesity (men, HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62−0.93, p < 0.01; women, HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67−0.94, p < 0.01). Furthermore, men with a higher DDS had a lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71−0.97, p < 0.05). These findings suggested that eating a more varied diet might have favorable effects on preventing MetS in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Shin
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Cho
- Fisheries Policy Research Division, Korea Maritime Institute, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Donglim Lee
- Fisheries Policy Research Division, Korea Maritime Institute, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Kim M, Kim Y. Psychosocial stress accompanied by an unhealthy eating behavior is associated with abdominal obesity in Korean adults: A community-based prospective cohort study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:949012. [PMID: 36245532 PMCID: PMC9561362 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.949012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is recognized as a potential modulator of eating behavior. Psychosocial stress also constitutes an independent risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases. This study examined the gender-stratified associations between perceived stress, eating behavior, and abdominal obesity in 4,411 adults aged 40-69 years during a 10-year follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Psychosocial stress was evaluated using the Psychosocial Wellbeing Index Short Form (PWI-SF), and eating behavior was analyzed with a focus on the dietary variety score (DVS). The Cox's proportional hazard model was used to examine the risk of abdominal obesity according to stress levels. Higher stress levels were associated with lower DVS in women. Lower DVS scores were positively associated with the consumption of grains and refined grains but was negatively associated with the consumption of fruits. The DVS was not significantly associated with stress levels among men. Prospectively, the highest tertile of grains and refined grains consumption showed an increased risk of abdominal obesity compared to the lowest tertile in women (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04-1.78, p < 0.05; HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.59, p < 0.05, respectively). By contrast, in all participants, the highest tertile of fruits consumption decreased the risk of abdominal obesity compared to the lowest tertile (men, HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45-0.70, p < 0.01; women, HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.40-0.65, p < 0.01). Furthermore, high stress levels showed a borderline significant association with the risk of abdominal obesity only in women (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.00-1.59, p < 0.05). These findings suggested that psychosocial stress might contribute to abdominal obesity by interacting with eating behavior represented by a low DVS. The approach to consume a diet with a high DVS might help decrease the risk of abdominal obesity among people in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Mousavi SM, Shayanfar M, Rigi S, Mohammad-Shirazi M, Sharifi G, Esmaillzadeh A. Adherence to plant-based dietary patterns in relation to glioma: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21819. [PMID: 34750430 PMCID: PMC8575971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Available evidence suggests a favorable association between adherence to a plant-based diet and disease prevention, but data on the link between such dietary intakes and cancer are scarce. We examined the association between the overall plant-based diet (PDI), healthy plant-based diet (hPDI), and unhealthy plant-based diet (uPDI) and risk of glioma. This case–control study was conducted on 128 newly diagnosed glioma patients, and 256 hospital-based controls. Cases were diagnosed by pathological test and controls were selected from hospitalized people in orthopedic and surgical wards. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated Block-format 123-items food frequency questionnaire. Scores of plant-based dietary patterns were calculated using the method suggested by Satija et al. After controlling for potential confounders, individuals with higher scores of PDI (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.91, P-trend < 0.001) and hPDI (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.18–0.57, P-trend < 0.001) had significantly lower odds of glioma compared with those with the lowest scores. This association did not change in the fully adjusted model; such that subjects in the highest tertile of PDI and hPDI were 69% and 71% less likely to have glioma compared with those in the lowest tertile. In contrast, higher scores of uPDI was significantly associated with a greater odds of glioma (OR: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.26–6.47, P-trend = 0.02). Adherence to PDI and hPDI was associated with a lower odds of glioma, while greater adherence to uPDI was directly associated with the likelihood of glioma. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to examine our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shayanfar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Rigi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohammad-Shirazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giuve Sharifi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran. .,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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6
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Sheikhhossein F, Shayanfar M, Mohammad-Shirazi M, Sharifi G, Aminianfar A, Esmaillzadeh A. Association between dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and glioma: a case-control study. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2507-2516. [PMID: 34633902 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1980844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although glycemic index (GI) and load (GL) have been linked with several health outcomes, no information is available linking dietary GI and GL with glioma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary GI and GL and odds of glioma. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study was conducted between November 2009 and September 2011 in the hospital affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. We recruited 128 newly diagnosed cases of glioma and 256 age- and sex-matched controls. All cases were pathologically diagnosed with glioma patients, with no history of any type of other pathologically confirmed cancers and chemotherapy or radiotherapy (due to cancers). Dietary GI and GL were measured by using a validated, self-administered, dish-based, semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. RESULT A significant positive association was found between dietary GI and glioma (OR: 3.01; 95% CI: 1.75-5.17, P < 0.001); such that after considering for potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of dietary GI had 3.51 times greater risk of glioma than those in the lowest tertile (OR: 3.51; 95% CI: 1.69-7.28, Ptrend = 0.001). Furthermore, we observed a significant positive association between dietary and glioma (OR: 3.74; 95% CI: 1.97-6.11, Ptrend < 0.001). This association remained significant even after further controlling for potential confounders (OR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.02-5.69, Ptrend = 0.04). DISCUSSION We observed a significant positive association between dietary GI and GL and risk of glioma in adults. However, prospective cohort studies are required to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Sttudents' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shayanfar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohammad-Shirazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giuve Sharifi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Pourreza S, Khademi Z, Mirzababaei A, Yekaninejad MS, Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Naghshi S, Mirzaei K. Association of plant-based diet index with inflammatory markers and sleep quality in overweight and obese female adults: A cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14429. [PMID: 34081826 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and sleep disturbances increase the risk of multiple diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and dementia. Since diet plays a significant role in inflammatory responses and sleep quality, this study aimed to investigate the association of a plant-based diet index (PDI) with sleep quality and inflammatory markers in overweight and obese women. METHODS 390 overweight and obese women aged 18-48 years participated in this cross-sectional study. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to create an overall PDI, healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Higher scores on the PSQI were indicative of poor sleep. Anthropometric measurements and serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were evaluated. Linear regression models were used to determine the association between exposure and outcomes. RESULTS After taking potential confounders into account, we found a significant inverse association between adherence to hPDI and hs-CRP (β = -0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.22,0.06, P = .001) and a significant positive association between uPDI and hs-CRP (β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05,0.21, P = .001). Overall, PDI was significantly associated with TGF-β (β = 2.04, 95% CI: 0.54,3.55, P = .008). No association was detected between PDI indices and IL-1β. Higher adherence to uPDI was significantly associated with higher PSQI score (lower sleep quality) (β= 0.20, 95% CI:0.007,0.40, P = .04). A significant positive association was found between TGF-β (β = 0.05, 95% CI:0.005,0.10, P = .03) and hs-CRP (β = 0.32, 95% CI:0.02,0.62, P = .03) with PSQI. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated a significant association between adherence to a plant-based diet with inflammation and sleep quality in obese and overweight females. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?: Sleep is an essential part of life, and sleep quality has a significant impact on individual well-being and performance. There is a bidirectional relationship between disturbed sleep and elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Diet plays a major part in sleep quality and its related health consequences. Plant-based diets are associated with lower risk of chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes, obesity and reduced level of inflammation. WHAT DOES THIS ARTICLE ADD?: Adherence to a healthful plant-based diet is associated with lower level of hs-CRP, while adherence to an unhealthful plant-based diet is associated with higher concentrations of hs-CRP. Adherence to an unhealthful plant-based diet is associated with lower sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Pourreza
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Khademi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sina Naghshi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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The relationship between rice consumption and glioma: a case-control study in adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6073. [PMID: 33727597 PMCID: PMC7971041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the effect of refined grains on various cancers; however, data on the link between rice consumption and brain cancer are scarce. We aimed to investigate the relationship between rice consumption and glioma in Iranian adults. Current hospital-based case–control study was done in Tehran between 2009 and 2011. Cases were individuals with pathologically confirmed glioma in a maximally 1 month of the disease diagnosis (n = 128). Controls were individuals, aged between 20 and 75 years, who were hospitalized or were outpatients referred to other wards of the same hospital (n = 256). Cases and controls were frequently matched in terms of age and gender. Usual dietary intakes of participants, including rice consumption, during the preceding year were examined using a Block-format validated semi-quantitative 126-item food frequency questionnaire. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of rice consumption (< 181 g/day), those in the highest tertile (≥ 279 g/day) had 2.47 times greater chance for having glioma (OR: 2.47, 95% CI 1.44–4.23). This relationship was also seen when potential confounders including demographic variables, energy and dietary intakes as well as body mass index were taking into account; such that individuals in the top tertile of rice consumption had 2.46 times greater odds of glioma compared with those in the bottom tertile (OR: 2.46, 95% CI 1.01–5.97). We found that rice consumption was positively associated with risk of glioma in adults. Further prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.
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Barekzai AM, Aminianfar A, Mousavi SM, Esmaillzadeh A. The Association between Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Gastric Cancer: A Case Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:463-471. [PMID: 33560151 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1883682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No report is available about diet-disease associations in the understudied region of Afghanistan. Although the inflammatory potential of diet has been linked with several cancers, information about gastric cancer is scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the inflammatory potential of the diet and odds of gastric cancer in Afghanistan. METHODS In this hospital-based case-control study, we enrolled 90 newly-diagnosed cases of gastric cancer and 180 age (±5) and sex-matched controls. All cases were pathologically confirmed gastric cancer patients, with no history of any type of other pathologically confirmed cancers. Controls were healthy individuals and relatives of patients in the hospital. Dietary assessment was done by a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire. DII was calculated based on energy-adjusted amounts of several foods and nutrients with inflammatory or anti-inflammatory potential, as introduced by earlier studies. RESULTS Mean age of study participants was 54 years, of them 73% were males. After adjustment for age and sex, individuals in the highest tertile of the inflammatory potential of the diet were 2.47 times (95% CI: 1.31-4.66) more likely to have gastric cancer compared with those in the lowest tertile. Further adjustment for other potential confounders did not substantially affect the association; such that participants with the greatest inflammatory potential of the diet had approximately 3.59 times (95% CI: 1.16-11.02) increased odds of gastric cancer than those with the lowest adherence. Additional adjustment for BMI strengthened the association (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.14-12.30). CONCLUSION We found a significant positive association between inflammatory potential of the diet and risk of gastric cancer. Further studies with prospective nature are required to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mujtaba Barekzai
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Rigi S, Mousavi SM, Benisi-Kohansal S, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A. The association between plant-based dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3391. [PMID: 33564027 PMCID: PMC7873223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited data are available, linking the plant-based diets to breast cancer (BC). We examined the association of overall plant-based diet index (PDI), hypothesized healthful (hPDI) and unhealthful versions of a plant-based diet index (uPDI) with BC in Iranian women. This population-based case–control study included 350 cases with newly diagnosed BC and 700 age-matched apparently healthy controls. We collected dietary data using a validated, Willett-format semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using these data, we generated a PDI by dedicating positive scores to plant foods, and reverse scores to animal foods, hPDI by assigning positive scores to healthy plant foods and reverse scores to less healthy plant foods and animal foods, and finally uPDI in which positive scores were assigned to less healthy plant foods and reverse scores to healthy plant foods and animal foods. After controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the highest quartile of PDI had 67% lower odds of BC than those in the lowest quartile (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.22–0.50). Individuals with the greatest adherence to hPDI were 36% less likely to have BC than those with the lowest adherence, in the fully adjusted model (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.43–0.94). In terms of uPDI, women in the top quartile had a 2.23 times greater chance of BC than those in the bottom quartile (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.48–3.36). Greater adherence to PDI and hPDI was inversely associated with the risk of BC, whereas uPDI was associated with an increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Rigi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran. .,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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