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Li Y, Zhang C, Kong K, Yan X. Characterization and Biological Activities of Four Biotransformation Products of Diosgenin from Rhodococcus erythropolis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073093. [PMID: 37049855 PMCID: PMC10096415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin (DSG), a steroidal sapogenin derived from the tuberous roots of yam, possesses multiple biological properties. DSG has been widely used as a starting material for the industrial production of steroid drugs. Despite its significant pharmacological activities, moderate potency and low solubility hinder the medicinal application of DSG. Biotransformation is an efficient method to produce valuable derivatives of natural products. In this work, we performed the biotransformation of DSG using five Rhodococcus strains. Compounds 1–4 were isolated and identified from Rhodococcus erythropolis. Compounds 1 and 2 showed potent cytotoxicity against the A549, MCF-7, and HepG2 cell lines. Compounds 3 and 4 are novel entities, and each possesses a terminal carboxyl group attached to the spiroacetal ring. Remarkably, 4 exhibited significant cell protective effects for kidney, liver, and vascular endothelial cells, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this compound in chronic renal diseases, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. We further optimized the fermentation conditions aiming to increase the titer of compound 4. Finally, the yield of compound 4 was improved by 2.9-fold and reached 32.4 mg/L in the optimized conditions. Our study lays the foundation for further developing compound 4 as a cell protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kexin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence:
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Fan R, He W, Fan Y, Xu W, Xu W, Yan G, Xu S. Recent advances in chemical synthesis, biocatalysis, and biological evaluation of diosgenin derivatives - A review. Steroids 2022; 180:108991. [PMID: 35217033 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.108991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracting organic compounds from plants and developing derivatives are essential methods for drug discovery. Diosgenin, extracted from Dioscoreaceae plants, is a type of spirostan steroid with various biological effects, including anti-inflammation, neuro-protection, and apoptosis-induction. Many researchers committed their work to the chemical semi-synthesis of diosgenin derivatives to improve diosgenin's therapeutic bioavailability and expand its range of applications in disease treatment and prevention. Biotransformation, a mild whole-cell biocatalysis method, also made crucial contributions to the structural diversity of diosgenin analogs in recent years. Although the structural modification of diosgenin has made significant progress, it lacks a comprehensive review. Here, we review the chemical modification and biotransformation of diosgenin along with the biological evaluation of diosgenin derivatives to provide a reference for the structural modification strategy and pharmaceutical application of diosgenin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Weishen He
- Biology Department, Boston College, Brighton, MA 02135, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China.
| | - Guohong Yan
- Pharmacy Department, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, PR China.
| | - Shaohua Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China.
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Chen Y, Wu J, Yu D, Du X. Advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis. PLANTA 2021; 254:91. [PMID: 34617240 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work reviews recent advances in the pathways and key enzymes of steroidal saponins biosynthesis and sets the foundation for the biotechnological production of these useful compounds through transformation of microorganisms. Steroidal saponins, due to their specific chemical structures and active effects, have long been important natural products and that are irreplaceable in hormone production and other pharmaceutical industries. This article comprehensively reviewed the previous and current research progress and summarized the biosynthesis pathways and key biosynthetic enzymes of steroidal saponins that have been discovered in plants and microoganisms. On the basis of the general biosynthetic pathway in plants, it was found that the starting components, intermediates and catalysing enzymes were diverse between plants and microorganisms; however, the functions of their related enzymes tended to be similar. The biosynthesis pathways of steroidal saponins in microorganisms and marine organisms have not been revealed as clearly as those in plants and need further investigation. The elucidation of biosynthetic pathways and key enzymes is essential for understanding the synthetic mechanisms of these compounds and provides researchers with important information to further develop and implement the massive production of steroidal saponins by biotechnological approaches and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Junkai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Microbial transformation of diosgenin to diosgenone by Wickerhamomyces anomalus JQ-1 obtained from Naxi traditional Jiu Qu. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Özçinar Ö, Tağ Ö, Yusufoglu H, Kivçak B, Bedir E. Biotransformation of ruscogenins by Cunninghamella blakesleeana NRRL 1369 and neoruscogenin by endophytic fungus Neosartorya hiratsukae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 152:1-9. [PMID: 29689318 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of steroidal ruscogenins (neoruscogenin and ruscogenin) was carried out with Cunninghamella blakesleeana NRRL 1369 and endophytic fungus Neosartorya hiratsukae yielding mainly P450 monooxygenase products together with a glycosylated compound. Fermentation of ruscogenins (75:25, neoruscogenin-ruscogenin mixture) with C. blakesleeana yielded 8 previously undescribed hydroxylated compounds. Furthermore, microbial transformation of neoruscogenin by endophytic fungus N. hiratsukae afforded three previously undescribed neoruscogenin derivatives. While hydroxylation at C-7, C-12, C-14, C-21 with further oxidation at C-1 and C-7 were observed with C. blakesleeana, N. hiratsukae biotransformation provided C-7 and C-12 hydroxylated compounds along with C-12 oxidized and C-1(O) glycosylated derivatives. The structures of the metabolites were elucidated by 1-D (1H, 13C and DEPT135) and 2-D NMR (COSY, HMBC, HMQC, NOESY, ROESY) as well as HR-MS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Özçinar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Tağ
- Bionorm Natural Products Production & Marketing Corp., İTOB, 35477 Menderes, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942 Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bijen Kivçak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
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Xu M, Huo XK, Tian XG, Dong PP, Wang C, Huang SS, Zhang BJ, Zhang HL, Deng S, Ma XC. Microbial transformation of diosgenin by Cunninghamella blakesleana AS 3.970 and potential inhibitory effects on P-glycoprotein of its metabolites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12253h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial transformation of diosgenin ((25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol) using Cunninghamella blakesleana AS 3.970, afforded eleven polyhydroxylated derivatives. Compounds 4 and 6 could increase the accumulation of adriamycin in MCF-7/ADR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Dong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
| | - Shan-Shan Huang
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P. R. China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P. R. China
| | - Hou-Li Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P. R. China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P. R. China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
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Chen WT, Liu HL, Yao LG, Guo YW. 9,11-Secosteroids and polyhydroxylated steroids from two South China Sea soft corals Sarcophyton trocheliophorum and Sinularia flexibilis. Steroids 2014; 92:56-61. [PMID: 25262997 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new 9,11-secosteroid, 25(26)-dehydrosarcomilasterol (1), two new polyhydroxylated steroids, 7α-hydroxy-crassarosterol A (2) and 11-acetoxy-7α-hydroxy-crassarosterol A (3), together with three known related ones (4-6), were isolated from the South China Sea soft corals Sarcophyton trocheliophorum and Sinularia flexibilis, respectively. The structures of the new steroids were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, comparison with the literature data and chemical correlation. Compound 2 exhibited a moderate protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 33.05μM. Compounds 1-3 showed weak in vitro cytotoxicities against the tumor cell lines K562 and HL-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hai-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Li-Gong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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Cho H, Kim SK, Jung Y, Jung J, Chung BH. Electric detection of target DNA by fabricating gold nanowire bridges on planar nanogap electrodes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5756-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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