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Rustamova N, Huang G, Isokov M, Movlanov J, Farid R, Buston I, Xiang H, Davranov K, Yili A. Modification of natural compounds through biotransformation process by microorganisms and their pharmacological properties. Fitoterapia 2024; 179:106227. [PMID: 39326800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The biotransformation of natural compounds by fungal microorganisms is a complex biochemical process. Tandem whole-cell biotransformation offers a promising, alternative, and cost-effective method for modifying of bioactive novel compounds. This approach is particularly beneficial for structurally complex natural products that are difficult to be synthesized through traditional synthetic methods. Biotransformation also provides significant regio- and stereoselectivity, making it a valuable tool for the chemical modification of natural compounds. By utilizing microbial conversion reactions, the biological activity and structural diversity of natural products can be enhanced. In this review, we have summarized 282 novel metabolites resulting from microbial transformation by various microorganisms. We discussed the chemical structures and pharmacological properties of these novel biotransformation products. The review would assist scientists working in the fields of biotechnology, organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigora Rustamova
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Department of Enzymology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Shaykhantakhur district, street Abdulla Kadiriy, 7 B100128, Uzbekistan; Department of Biology, Samarkand State University, University Boulevard 15, Samarkand 703004, Uzbekistan.
| | - Guozheng Huang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan 243002, Anhui, China
| | - Maksud Isokov
- University of Geological Science, Center of Geoinnovation Technologies, 100041 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Jakhongir Movlanov
- University of Geological Science, Center of Geoinnovation Technologies, 100041 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Ruziev Farid
- Department of Biology, Samarkand State University, University Boulevard 15, Samarkand 703004, Uzbekistan
| | - Islamov Buston
- Department of Biology, Samarkand State University, University Boulevard 15, Samarkand 703004, Uzbekistan
| | - Hua Xiang
- Institute Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kahramon Davranov
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Shaykhantakhur district, street Abdulla Kadiriy, 7 B100128, Uzbekistan
| | - Abulimiti Yili
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Wan J, Wang XJ, Guo N, Wu XY, Xiong J, Zang Y, Jiang CX, Han B, Li J, Hu JF. Highly Oxygenated Triterpenoids and Diterpenoids from Fructus Rubi ( Rubus chingii Hu) and Their NF-kappa B Inhibitory Effects. Molecules 2021; 26:1911. [PMID: 33805414 PMCID: PMC8037097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During a phytochemical investigation of the unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu (i.e., Fructus Rubi, a traditional Chinese medicine named "Fu-Pen-Zi"), a number of highly oxygenated terpenoids were isolated and characterized. These included nine ursane-type (1, 2, and 4-10), five oleanane-type (3, 11-14), and six cucurbitane-type (15-20) triterpenoids, together with five ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids (21-25). Among them, (4R,5R,8R,9R,10R,14S,17S,18S,19R,20R)-2,19α,23-trihydroxy-3-oxo-urs-1,12-dien-28-oic acid (rubusacid A, 1), (2R*,4S*,5R*,8R*,9R*,10R*,14S*,17S*, 18S*,19R*,20R*)-2α,19α,24-trihydroxy-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (rubusacid B, 2), (5R,8R,9R,10R, 14S,17R,18S,19S)-2,19α-dihydroxy-olean-1,12-dien-28-oic acid (rubusacid C, 3), and (3S,5S,8S,9R, 10S,13R,16R)-3α,16α,17-trihydroxy-ent-kaur-2-one (rubusone, 21) were previously undescribed. Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. Compounds 1 and 3 are rare naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoids featuring a special α,β-unsaturated keto-enol (diosphenol) unit in ring A. Cucurbitacin B (15), cucurbitacin D (16), and 3α,16α,20(R),25-tetrahydroxy-cucurbita-5,23- dien-2,11,22-trione (17) were found to have remarkable inhibitory effects against NF-κB, with IC50 values of 0.08, 0.61, and 1.60 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wan
- Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.W.); (X.-J.W.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.W.); (X.-J.W.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Nan Guo
- Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.W.); (X.-J.W.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Xi-Ying Wu
- Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.W.); (X.-J.W.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Juan Xiong
- Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.W.); (X.-J.W.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Chun-Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Advance Study, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;
| | - Bing Han
- Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.W.); (X.-J.W.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.W.); (X.-J.W.); (N.G.); (X.-Y.W.); (J.X.)
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Advance Study, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;
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Jiang CX, Li J, Zhang JM, Jin XJ, Yu B, Fang JG, Wu QX. Isolation, Identification, and Activity Evaluation of Chemical Constituents from Soil Fungus Fusarium avenaceum SF-1502 and Endophytic Fungus Fusarium proliferatum AF-04. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1839-1846. [PMID: 30688448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium, a large genus of filamentous fungi, is widely distributed in soil and plants. Fusarium is a prolific source of novel chemical constituents with various bioactivities. In search for antibiotics from soil and endophytic fungi, the secondary metabolites of Fusarium avenaceum SF-1502 and Fusarium proliferatum AF-04 were investigated. An alkaloid (1), a depsipeptide (6), and five sesquiterpenoids (7-11) were isolated from the extracts of the soil fungus F. avenaceum SF-1502. Three alkaloids (2-4), a depsipeptide (5), three sesquiterpenoids (9, 11, and 12), a sesterterpene (13), and four 1,4-naphthoquinones (14-17) were also separated from the extract of the green Chinese onion derived fungus F. proliferatum AF-04. Fusaravenin (1) represents the first example of a natural naphthoisoxazole-type zwitter-ionic alkaloid, a naphthoisoxazole formic acid connected with a morpholino carbon skeleton. Cyclonerotriol B (7) is a new cyclonerane sesquiterpene. Another new sesquiterpene, 3β-hydroxy-β-acorenol (12), possesses an acorane framework. The known compounds 9 and 11 were found from both fungi. The structures of the new compounds were determined via extensive HR-ESI-MS and comparison between experimental and calculated NMR results. The biological properties of 1-5 and 7-17 were evaluated against eight anthropogenic bacteria, while 1 and 7-11 were also screened for inhibitory effects against four plant pathogen bacteria. The known compounds 8, 9, and 14-17 showed potent antibacterial activities toward some of the tested anthropogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Jiang
- School of Advanced Study , Taizhou University , Taizhou 318000 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Xiao-Jie Jin
- College of Pharmacy , Gansu University of Chinese Medicine , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
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Nagoor Meeran MF, Goyal SN, Suchal K, Sharma C, Patil CR, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Development of Asiatic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Promise. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:892. [PMID: 30233358 PMCID: PMC6131672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring aglycone of ursane type pentacyclic triterpenoids. It is abundantly present in many edible and medicinal plants including Centella asiatica that is a reputed herb in many traditional medicine formulations for wound healing and neuropsychiatric diseases. AA possesses numerous pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and regulates apoptosis that attributes its therapeutic effects in numerous diseases. AA showed potent antihypertensive, nootropic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities in preclinical studies. In various in vitro and in vivo studies, AA found to affect many enzymes, receptors, growth factors, transcription factors, apoptotic proteins, and cell signaling cascades. This review aims to represent the available reports on therapeutic potential and the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of AA. The review also also discusses the challenges and prospects on the pharmaceutical development of AA such as pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, analysis and structural modifications, and drug delivery. AA showed favorable pharmacokinetics and found bioavailable following oral or interaperitoneal administration. The studies demonstrate the polypharmacological properties, therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of AA in numerous diseases. Taken together the evidences from available studies, AA appears one of the important multitargeted polypharmacological agents of natural origin for further pharmaceutical development and clinical application. Provided the favorable pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy, AA can be a promising agent or adjuvant along with currently used modern medicines with a pharmacological basis of its use in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kapil Suchal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Meicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Song Y, Yan SS, Lin HJ, Li JL, Zhai XG, Ren J, Chen GT. (R)-panaxadiol by whole cells of filamentous fungus Absidia coerulea AS 3.3382. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:719-726. [PMID: 28944684 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1358267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbial transformation of 20(R)-panaxadiol (PD) by the fungus Absidia coerulea AS 3.3382 afforded three new and three known metabolites. The structures of the metabolites were characterized as 3-oxo-20(R)-panaxadiol (1), 3-oxo-7β- hydroxyl-20(R)-panaxadiol (2), 3-oxo-22β-hydroxyl-20(R)-panaxadiol (3), 3-oxo- 7β,22β-dihydroxyl-20(R)-panaxadiol (4), 3-oxo-7β,24β-dihydroxyl-20(R)-panaxadiol (5), and 3-oxo-7β,24α-dihydroxyl-20(R)-panaxadiol (6). Among them, 2-4 were new compounds. In addition, compounds 3 and 4 exhibited significant anti-hepatic fibrosis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- a School of Pharmacy , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Sen-Sen Yan
- a School of Pharmacy , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Hai-Jun Lin
- a School of Pharmacy , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Jian-Lin Li
- a School of Pharmacy , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Xu-Guang Zhai
- b School of Medical , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Jie Ren
- c School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Guang-Tong Chen
- a School of Pharmacy , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
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Azerad R. Chemical structures, production and enzymatic transformations of sapogenins and saponins from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Fitoterapia 2016; 114:168-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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He W, Liu M, Huang P, Abdel-Mageed WM, Han J, Watrous JD, Nguyen DD, Wang W, Song F, Dai H, Zhang J, Quinn RJ, Grkovi T, Luo H, Zhang L, Liu X. Discovery of tanshinone derivatives with anti-MRSA activity via targeted bio-transformation. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2016; 1:187-194. [PMID: 29062942 PMCID: PMC5640788 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two potent anti-MRSA tanshinone glycosides (1 and 2) were discovered by targeted microbial biotransformation, along with rapid identification via MS/MS networking. Serial reactions including dehydrogenation, demethylations, reduction, glycosylation and methylation have been observed after incubation of tanshinone IIA and fungus Mucor rouxianus AS 3.3447. In addition, tanshinosides B (2) showed potent activities against serial clinical isolates of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 0.78 μg/mL. This is the first study that shows a significant increase in the level and activities of tanshinone glycosides relative to the substrate tanshinone IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenni He
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Pei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wael M Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Jianying Han
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jeramie D Watrous
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Don D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhang Song
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Tanja Grkovi
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Houwei Luo
- Department of Natural Products, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Gao ZH, Dong XR, Gao RR, Sun DA. Unusual microbial lactonization and hydroxylation of asiatic acid by Umbelopsis isabellina. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:1059-1064. [PMID: 26194478 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1054377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (1) is a natural triterpenoid isolated from Centella asiatica. This paper reports the microbial transformation of asiatic acid by an endophytic fungus Umbelopsis isabellina to obtain derivatives potentially useful for further studies. Incubation of asiatic acid with U. isabellina afforded two derivatives 2α,3β,7β, 23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid (2) and 2α,3β,7β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-11-ene-28,13-lactone (3). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectral data. Compound 3 has formed an unusual lactone. These two products are new compounds. The possible transformation passway was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Gao
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Xin-Ran Dong
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Ran-Ran Gao
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Di-An Sun
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
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Chen JY, Chen JY, Xu QW, Xu H, Huang ZH. Asiatic acid promotes p21(WAF1/CIP1) protein stability through attenuation of NDR1/2 dependent phosphorylation of p21(WAF1/ CIP1) in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:963-7. [PMID: 24568526 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested anti-tumor effects of asiatic acid in some human cancer cell lines. This agent is reported to increase the levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 in human breast cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been established. Here we report that asiatic acid up-regulates p21WAF1/CIP1 protein expression but not the level of p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Furthermore, we found that the asiatic acid induced increase of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein was associated with decreased phosphorylation (ser-146) of p21WAF1/CIP1. Knockdown of NDR1/2 kinase, which directly phosphorylates p21WAF1/CIP1 protein at ser-146 and enhances its proteasomal degradation, increased the levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein and eliminated the regulation of p21WAF1/ CIP1 stability by asiatic acid. At the same time, the expression of NDR1/2 kinase decreased during treatment with asiatic acid in HepG2 cells. Moreover, asiatic acid inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, this being attenuated by knockdown of p21WAF1/CIP1. In conclusion, we propose that asiatic acid inhibits the expression NDR1/2 kinase and promotes the stability of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein through attenuating NDR1/2 dependent phosphorylation of p21WAF1/CIP1 in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China E-mail :
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Ruan Y, Ma BJ, Li LZ, Wang XL. Specific 12α-hydroxylation of grandiflorenic acid by permeabilised fungus Fusarium graminearum. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:677-9. [PMID: 24650196 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.891113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation of grandiflorenic acid by permeabilised fungus Fusarium graminearum to yield its hydroxylation derivative, 12α-hydroxygrandiflorenic acid, was studied. The biotransformed product was isolated by column chromatography and its structure was determined by mass spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Grandiflorenic acid was efficiently metabolised by the fungus. After 72 h, the substrate was almost completely converted into the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ruan
- a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou 450002 , P.R. China
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