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Li H, Lin H, Li J, Chen K, Chen Z, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhao X, Ti H, Tao Y. Design, Synthesis and Anti-cancer Evaluation of Nitrogen-containing Derivatives of 30-Carboxyl of Gambogic Acid. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:454-463. [PMID: 38204259 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206279725231208065031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambogic acid (GA) is a natural product from the resin of the Garcinia species, which showed significant activity in the induction of apoptosis. .t can be one promising lead compound for the design and synthesis of new anticancer drugs. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study is to design novel nitrogen-contained GA derivatives with better anti-cancer activities and study the effect of the introduction of different nitrogen-contained groups on the activity of GA. METHODS The designed 15 derivatives were synthesized via esterification or amidation of 30-carboxylate. The synthetic compounds were characterized via different spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray single crystal diffraction, MS and NMR. The cytotoxic activity of the designed derivatives was evaluated in vitro against A549, HepG-2, and MCF-7 cell lines using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test. RESULTS 15 nitrogen-contained GA derivatives were successfully synthesized and established. Based on the IC50 values, compounds 9, 10, 11 and 13 showed stronger inhibitory effects on A549, HepG-2, MCF-7 cell lines than GA, while 9 is the most active compound with IC50 value of 0.64-1.49 μM. Most derivatives of GA with esterification of C-30 including cyano-benzene ring were generally weaker than those of pyrimidinyl-substituted derivatives. In addition, length of alkyl linkers between C-30 of GA and nitrogen-contained group produced different effects on A549, HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines. CONCLUSION The structure-activity relationship results show that aromatic substituent and linker length play important roles to improve the anticancer activities, while compound 9 with pyrimidine substituent and C-C-C linkers is the most active derivative against tested cell lines, and is a promising anti-cancer agent for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Huiping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Kaixin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Zanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, PR China
| | - Huihui Ti
- School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University. Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P. R. China
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Iweala EJ, Oluwapelumi AE, Dania OE, Ugbogu EA. Bioactive Phytoconstituents and Their Therapeutic Potentials in the Treatment of Haematological Cancers: A Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1422. [PMID: 37511797 PMCID: PMC10381774 DOI: 10.3390/life13071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematological (blood) cancers are the cancers of the blood and lymphoid forming tissues which represents approximately 10% of all cancers. It has been reported that approximately 60% of all blood cancers are incurable. Despite substantial improvement in access to detection/diagnosis, chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, there is still high recurrence and unpredictable but clearly defined relapses indicating that effective therapies are still lacking. Over the past two decades, medicinal plants and their biologically active compounds are being used as potential remedies and alternative therapies for the treatment of cancer. This is due to their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer activities and negligible side effects. These bioactive compounds have the capacity to reduce proliferation of haematological cancers via various mechanisms such as promoting apoptosis, transcription regulation, inhibition of signalling pathways, downregulating receptors and blocking cell cycle. This review study highlights the mechanistic and beneficial effects of nine bioactive compounds (quercetin, ursolic acid, fisetin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, curcumin, gambogic acid, butein and celastrol) as potential remedies for chemoprevention of haematological cancers. The study provides useful insights on the effectiveness of the use of bioactive compounds from plants for chemoprevention of haematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka J Iweala
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota PMB 1023, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication African Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota PMB 1023, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adurosakin E Oluwapelumi
- Department of Microbiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso PMB 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Omoremime E Dania
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota PMB 1023, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Goel H, Kumar R, Tanwar P, Upadhyay TK, Khan F, Pandey P, Kang S, Moon M, Choi J, Choi M, Park MN, Kim B, Saeed M. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of natural products in the prevention and treatment of leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114351. [PMID: 36736284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies distinguished by differentiation blockage and uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). There are various types of leukemia in which intensive chemotherapy regimens or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are now the most common treatments associated with severe side effects and multi-drug resistance in leukemia cells. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel therapeutic approaches with adequate therapeutic efficacy and selectively eliminate leukemic cells to improve the consequences of leukemia. Medicinal plants have been utilized for ages to treat multiple disorders due to their diverse bioactive compounds. Plant-derived products have been used as therapeutic medication to prevent and treat many types of cancer. Over the last two decades, 50 % of all anticancer drugs approved worldwide are from natural products and their derivatives. Therefore this study aims to review natural products such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, nitrogen-containing, and organosulfur compounds as antileukemic agents. Current investigations have identified natural products efficiently destroy leukemia cells through diverse mechanisms of action by inhibiting proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, inducing cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in both in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Current investigations have identified natural products as suitable promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents. It played an essential role in drug development and emerged as a possible source of biologically active metabolites for therapeutic interventions, especially in leukemia. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data will be made available on request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India,.
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India.
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India.
| | - Sojin Kang
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghan Moon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwon Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81411 Saudi Arabia.
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The Anti-Leukemic Activity of Natural Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092709. [PMID: 34063044 PMCID: PMC8124534 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biologically active compounds has become a realistic option for the treatment of malignant tumors due to their cost-effectiveness and safety. In this review, we aimed to highlight the main natural biocompounds that target leukemic cells, assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments or clinical studies, in order to explore their therapeutic potential in the treatment of leukemia: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It provides a basis for researchers and hematologists in improving basic and clinical research on the development of new alternative therapies in the fight against leukemia, a harmful hematological cancer and the leading cause of death among patients.
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Banik K, Harsha C, Bordoloi D, Lalduhsaki Sailo B, Sethi G, Leong HC, Arfuso F, Mishra S, Wang L, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Therapeutic potential of gambogic acid, a caged xanthone, to target cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 416:75-86. [PMID: 29246645 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds have enormous biological and clinical activity against dreadful diseases such as cancer, as well as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. In spite of the widespread research carried out in the field of cancer therapeutics, cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases with no perfect treatment till date. Adverse side effects and the development of chemoresistance are the imperative limiting factors associated with conventional chemotherapeutics. For this reason, there is an urgent need to find compounds that are highly safe and efficacious for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Gambogic acid (GA) is a xanthone structure extracted from the dry, brownish gamboge resin secreted from the Garcinia hanburyi tree in Southeast Asia and has inherent anti-cancer properties. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying the targets of GA that are liable for its effective anti-cancer activity are discussed that reveal the potential of GA as a pertinent candidate that can be appropriately developed and designed into a capable anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Bethsebie Lalduhsaki Sailo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Hin Chong Leong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Srishti Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Medical Science Cluster, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Jia B, Li S, Hu X, Zhu G, Chen W. Recent research on bioactive xanthones from natural medicine: Garcinia hanburyi. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:742-58. [PMID: 26152816 PMCID: PMC4508296 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia hanburyi, a tropical plant found in south Asia, has a special long history in the development of both medicine and art. This review mainly focuses on the pharmacy research of the bioactive compounds from the plant in recent years. Preparative and analysis separation methods were introduced. Moreover, the chemical structure of the isolated compounds was included. The studies of biological activities of the caged xanthones from the plant, including antitumor, anti-HIV-1, antibacterial, and neurotrophic activities, were reviewed in detail. Furthermore, the mechanisms of its antitumor activity were also reviewed. As mentioned above, some of the xanthones from G. hanburyi can be promising drug candidates, which is worth studying. However, we still need much evidence to prove their efficacy and safety. So, further research is critical for the future application of xanthones from G. hanburyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Jia
- />School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 001 Qianjiang Road, Hefei, 230012 Anhui China
| | - Shanshan Li
- />School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 001 Qianjiang Road, Hefei, 230012 Anhui China
| | - Xuerui Hu
- />School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 001 Qianjiang Road, Hefei, 230012 Anhui China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- />School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 001 Qianjiang Road, Hefei, 230012 Anhui China
- />Ma’anshan Central Hospital, 027 Hudong Road, Ma’anshan, 243000 Anhui China
| | - Weidong Chen
- />School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 001 Qianjiang Road, Hefei, 230012 Anhui China
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Huang GM, Sun Y, Ge X, Wan X, Li CB. Gambogic acid induces apoptosis and inhibits colorectal tumor growth via mitochondrial pathways. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:6194-6205. [PMID: 26034354 PMCID: PMC4445096 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i20.6194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of gambogic acid (GA) on apoptosis in the HT-29 human colon cancer cell line.
METHODS: H-29 cells were used for in vitro experiments in this study. Relative cell viability was assessed using MTT assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and Hoechst 33342 staining, and quantified by flow cytometry. Cellular ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate gene and protein expression levels. For in vivo experiments, BALB/c nude mice received subcutaneous injections of HT-29 cells in the right armpit. When well-established xenografts were palpable with a tumor size of 75 mm3, mice were randomly assigned to a vehicle (negative) control, positive control or GA treatment group (n = 6 each). The animals in the treatment group received one of three dosages of GA (in saline; 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) via the caudal vein twice weekly, whereas animals in the negative and positive control groups were given equal volumes of 0.9% saline or 10 mg/kg docetaxel, respectively, via the caudal vein once weekly.
RESULTS: The cell viability assay showed that GA inhibited proliferation of HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner after treatment with GA (0.00, 0.31, 0.62, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00 or 10.00 μmol/L) for 24, 48 or 72 h. After 48 h, the percentage of apoptotic cells in cells treated with 0.00, 1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 μmol/L GA was 1.4% ± 0.3%, 9.8% ± 1.2%, 25.7% ± 3.3% and 49.3% ± 5.8%, respectively. Ultrastructural analysis of HT-29 cells treated for 48 h with 2.5μmol/L GA revealed apoptotic bodies and condensed and fragmented nuclei. Levels of caspase-8, -9 and -3 mRNAs were significantly increased after treatment with GA (1.25, 2.50 or 5.00 μmol/L) for 48 h (P < 0.05 for all). Protein levels of apoptosis-related factors Fas, FasL, FADD, cytochrome c, and Apaf-1 were increased in GA-treated cells, whereas levels of pro-caspase-8, -9 and -3 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 for all). Furthermore, GA significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HT-29 tumors in a mouse xenograft model (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: GA inhibits HT-29 proliferation via induction of apoptosis. The anti-cancer effects are likely mediated by death receptor (extrinsic) and mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathways.
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