Limonoids from the fruits of Cipadessa cinerascens

One new limonoid with cytotoxicity against glioma cell lines from Cipadessa baccifera

Glioma is a common malignant tumor with a high incidence rate but a low cure rate. In this paper, one previously undescribed limonoid (1), along with two known cipadesin-type limonoids 2 and 3, were isolated from Cipadessa baccifera. Their structures were established based on a comprehensive analysis of NMR and MS spectra. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against U251 and BT-325 cells with IC50 values of 7.32 ± 0.21 and 13.25 ± 0.35 μM, suggesting that 1 might be a promising leading compound for the treatment of glioma.

Research progress of meliaceous limonoids from 2011 to 2021

Covering: July 2010 to December 2021Limonoids, a kind of natural tetranortriterpenoids with diverse skeletons and valuable insecticidal and medicinal bioactivities, are the characteristic metabolites of most plants of the Meliaceae family. The chemistry and bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids are a continuing hot area of natural products research; to date, about 2700 meliaceous limonoids have been identified. In particular, more than 1600, including thirty kinds of novel rearranged skeletons, have been isolated and identified in the past decade due to their wide distribution and abundant content in Meliaceae plants and active biosynthetic pathways. In addition to the discovery of new structures, many positive medicinal bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids have been investigated, and extensive achievements regarding the chemical and biological synthesis have been made. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the discovery of new structures, medicinal and agricultural bioactivities, and chem/biosynthesis of limonoids from the plants of the Meliaceae family during the past decade, with an emphasis on the discovery of limonoids with novel skeletons, the medicinal bioactivities and mechanisms, and chemical synthesis. The structures, origins, and bioactivities of other new limonoids were provided as ESI. Studies published from July 2010 to December 2021 are reviewed, and 482 references are cited.

Triterpenoids

Covering 2014. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2017, 34, 90-122 This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids reported during 2014 including squalene derivatives, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, cucurbitanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, serratanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins; 374 references are cited.

Cipadessains A-K, eleven limonoids from the fruits of Cipadessa cinerascens

Eleven new mexicanolide-type limonoids, cipadessains A-K (1-11), were isolated from the fruits of Cipadessa cinerascens (Pellegr) Hand.-Mazz. Their planar structures were determined based on IR, UV, 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HRESIMS data. The absolute configuration of 1 was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction using mirror Cu Kα radiation, and that of compounds 2-8 were determined by ECD analysis. Two mexicanolides bearing methoxybutenolide moiety originated from the furan ring 3 and 6, showed significant cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line with IC50 values of 5.23 ± 0.12, 8.67 ± 1.02 μM, respectively; and NO inhibitory activities in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages at nontoxic concentration (IC50 5.79 ± 0.18, 6.93 ± 0.89 μM, respectively).

Recent progress in the chemistry and biology of limonoids

Significant limonoids: new isolated limonoids, and recent developments in the total chemical synthesis, and structural modifications of limonoids regarding the bioactivities have been summarised.

Limonoids with neuroprotective activity from the stems of Clausena emarginata

Two new limonoids, clauemargines M-N (1-2), together with five known compounds (3-7), were isolated from the stems of Clausena emarginata, and compounds 6 and 7 were gained from this plant for the first time. Their structures were established and elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1-2 were further determined by the octant rule of saturated cyclic ketone. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 showed moderate neuroprotective effects against L-glutamic acid-induced cellular damage in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells at 10 μM.