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Zhang X, Wang FX, Li ZW, Wang S, Zhang SQ, Song M, Zhang XQ. Bis-piperidine alkaloids from the peels of Areca catechu. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38944841 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2372383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Four new alkaloids, arecatines A-D (1-4), were isolated from the peels of Areca catechu. Compound 1 is an unusual piperidine-pyridine hybrid alkaloid, whereas compounds 2-4 feature bis-piperidine alkaloids. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, HRESIMS, and NMR spectra analysis. The molecular docking analysis indicated that compound 3 exhibited the best binding affinity with the GABAA receptor, indicating its potential anti-epilepsy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Song Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shi-Qing Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Join Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min Song
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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2
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Sun Y, Feng J, Hou W, Qi H, Liu Y. Comprehensive insights into areca nut: active components and omics technologies for bioactivity evaluation and quality control. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407212. [PMID: 38873426 PMCID: PMC11169615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Areca nut (AN), the fruit or seed of Areca catechu Linn, has many uses, including chewing and medicinal purposes. It has sparked worries about health due to the presence of alkaloids. Chewing AN may have a variety of negative consequences; however, the medicinal use of AN has no notable adverse effects. To completely understand and effectively use AN, researchers have investigated its chemical makeup or biological activity, analyzed the variations between different AN species and different periods, and improved extraction and processing procedures. Today, an increasing number of researchers are exploring the underlying reasons for AN variations, as well as the molecular mechanisms of biosynthesis of chemical components, to comprehend and change AN at the genetic level. This review presents an overview of the clinical study, pharmacology, and detection of the main bioactive components in AN, and the main factors influencing their content, delving into the omics applications in AN research. On the basis of the discussions and summaries, this review identifies current research gaps and proposes future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Wencheng Hou
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Huasha Qi
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
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3
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Sun H, Yu W, Li H, Hu X, Wang X. Bioactive Components of Areca Nut: An Overview of Their Positive Impacts Targeting Different Organs. Nutrients 2024; 16:695. [PMID: 38474823 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Areca catechu L. is a widely cultivated tropical crop in Southeast Asia, and its fruit, areca nut, has been consumed as a traditional Chinese medicinal material for more than 10,000 years, although it has recently attracted widespread attention due to potential hazards. Areca nut holds a significant position in traditional medicine in many areas and ranks first among the four southern medicines in China. Numerous bioactive compounds have been identified in areca nuts, including alkaloids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and fatty acids, which exhibit diverse bioactive functions, such as anti-bacterial, deworming, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, they also display beneficial impacts targeting the nervous, digestive, and endocrine systems. This review summarizes the pharmacological functions and underlying mechanisms of the bioactive ingredients in areca nut. This helps to ascertain the beneficial components of areca nut, discover its medicinal potential, and guide the utilization of the areca nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenzhen Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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4
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Lai J, Li C, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Li W, Zhang Z, Ye W, Guo H, Wang C, Long T, Wang S, Yang J. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Molecular and Metabolic Basis of Flavonoids in Areca catechu L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4851-4862. [PMID: 36940468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Areca catechu L., of the Arecaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical Asia. In A. catechu, the extracts and compounds, including flavonoids, have various pharmacological activities. Although there are many studies of flavonoids, the molecular mechanism of their biosynthesis and regulation remains unclear in A. catechu. In this study, 331 metabolites were identified from the root, stem, and leaf of A. catechu using untargeted metabolomics, including 107 flavonoids, 71 lipids, 44 amino acids and derivatives, and 33 alkaloids. The transcriptome analysis identified 6119 differentially expressed genes, and some were enriched in the flavonoid pathway. To analyze the biosynthetic mechanism of the metabolic differences in A. catechu tissues, 36 genes were identified through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, in which glycosyltransferase genes Acat_15g017010 and Acat_16g013670 were annotated as being involved in the glycosylation of kaempferol and chrysin by their expression and in vitro activities. Flavonoid biosynthesis could be regulated by the transcription factors, AcMYB5 and AcMYB194. This study laid a foundation for further research on the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of A. catechu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lai
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Chun Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Yueran Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Zeyong Wu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Weiguan Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Weizhen Ye
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Tuan Long
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China
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Molecular Mechanisms of Malignant Transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis by Different Betel Quid Constituents-Does Fibroblast Senescence Play a Role? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031637. [PMID: 35163557 PMCID: PMC8836171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) is a package of mixed constituents that is chewed by more than 600 million people worldwide, particularly in Asia. The formulation of BQ depends on a variety of factors but typically includes areca nut, betel leaf, and slaked lime and may or may not contain tobacco. BQ chewing is strongly associated with the development of potentially malignant and malignant diseases of the mouth such as oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), respectively. We have shown recently that the constituents of BQ vary geographically and that the capacity to induce disease reflects the distinct chemical composition of the BQ. In this review, we examined the diverse chemical constituents of BQ and their putative role in oral carcinogenesis. Four major areca alkaloids—arecoline, arecaidine, guvacoline and guvacine—together with the polyphenols, were identified as being potentially involved in oral carcinogenesis. Further, we propose that fibroblast senescence, which is induced by certain BQ components, may be a key driver of tumour progression in OSMF and OSCC. Our study emphasizes that the characterization of the detrimental or protective effects of specific BQ ingredients may facilitate the development of targeted BQ formulations to prevent and/or treat potentially malignant oral disorders and oral cancer in BQ users.
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Yang Y, Huang H, Cui Z, Chu J, Du G. UPLC-MS/MS and Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis of Bioactive Anti-Depression Compounds in Betel Nut. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4827-4836. [PMID: 34880597 PMCID: PMC8645950 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s335312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Betel nuts have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In our study, the bioactive components of betel nut were systematically investigated, and the main components and their target genes in the treatment of depression were predicted. Methods The metabolites of the kernels and peels were analyzed with a UPLC–MS/MS system. Mass spectrometry outcomes were annotated by MULTIAQUANT. “Compound‐disease targets” were utilized to construct a pharmacology network. Results A total of 873 metabolites were identified, with a high abundance of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols. Moreover, the abundance of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols in the kernel was significantly higher than that in the peel. A high abundance of catechin, arginine, and phenylalanine was detected in the kernel, while a high abundance of arginine, arecoline, and aminobutyric acid was detected in the peel. Catechins and cyanoside were the most abundant flavonoids in the kernel and peel, respectively. Arecoline was the most abundant alkaloid. A total of 111 metabolites showed a significant difference between the kernels and peels. The relative abundance of 40 differential metabolites was higher than 100,000, including 14 primary metabolites, 12 flavonoids, 4 phenols, and 4 alkaloids. Among the 40 high abundance metabolites, 20 were higher in the kernel and 20 in the peel. In addition, the enrichment of metabolic pathways found that the kernel and peel of the fruit adopted different metabolic pathways for the synthesis of flavonoids and alkaloids. Network pharmacology prediction showed that 93 metabolites could target 141 depression-related genes. The main components of betel nut intervention in depression were predicted to include L-phenylalanine, protocatechuic acid, okanin, nicotinic acid, L-tyrosine, benzocaine, syringic acid, benzocaine, phloretic acid, cynaroside, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. Conclusion Betel nuts are rich in natural metabolites, and some of these metabolites can participate in the intervention of depression. In addition, the metabolites showed distinct characteristics between the kernel and peel. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively and rationally use betel nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Yang
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Huang
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeying Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Guankui Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Biotechnology and Biochemisty Laboratory, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
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7
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Volatiles Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Areca Nut Extracts Obtained by Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247422. [PMID: 34946508 PMCID: PMC8706666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile components of areca nuts were isolated by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME, DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber extraction) and simultaneous hydrodistillation-extraction (SHDE) and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Furthermore, all SHDE fractions were tested for antimicrobial activity using the disk diffusion method on nine Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus canis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Candida albicans). In total, 98 compounds (mainly alcohols, carbonyl compounds, fatty acids, esters, terpenes, terpenoids, and aliphatic hydrocarbons) were identified in SHDE fractions and by using SPME extraction Fatty acids were the main group of volatile constituents detected in all types of extracts. The microorganism most sensitive to the extract of the areca nut was Streptococcus canis. The results can provide essential information for the application of different treatments of areca nuts in the canning industry or as natural antibiotics.
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8
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Wu J, Cui C, Zhang H, Liu D, Schreiber L, Qin W, Wan Y. Identifying new compounds with potential pharmaceutical and physiological activity in Areca catechu and Areca triandra via a non-targeted metabolomic approach. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:970-981. [PMID: 33619832 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fruits of Areca catechu, also called areca nuts, are widely used as popular masticatory and traditional herbal medicine in Asia. Besides arecoline and related alkaloids, limited information is available about further primary and secondary metabolites and their potential biological activities. OBJECTIVE Here we aimed to further enhance our knowledge on phytochemical profiles of A. catechu and Areca triandra fruits. We intended to comprehensively identify metabolites in A. catechu and A. triandra fruits. METHODOLOGY Metabolites were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The occurrence of 12 selected bioactive compounds in 4 different developmental stages of A. catechu and A. triandra was quantified by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS A total of 791 metabolites was identified. Of these, 115 metabolites could successfully be mapped to 44 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathways, and 154 metabolites occurred at significantly different levels in A. catechu compared to A. triandra. Several components with known biological activities were identified for the first time in A. catechu and A. triandra. The abundance of many of these new components was similar in A. catechu and A. triandra, but significantly different between the pericarp and the seeds of A. catechu fruits. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic profiles indicate that fruits of the Areca species compared here have similar primary and secondary metabolites. Our findings provide new insights into A. catechu and A. triandra as valuable sources for traditional medicine and they pave the way for further studies to potentially improve the underlying pharmaceutical and physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Chuang Cui
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - He Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571737, China
| | - Dongjun Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D53115, Germany
| | - Weiquan Qin
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, 571339, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
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9
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Salehi B, Konovalov DA, Fru P, Kapewangolo P, Peron G, Ksenija MS, Cardoso SM, Pereira OR, Nigam M, Nicola S, Pignata G, Rapposelli S, Sestito S, Anil Kumar NV, de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Segura-Carretero A, P Mishra A, Sharifi-Rad M, Cho WC, Taheri Y, Setzer WN, Sharifi-Rad J. Areca catechu-From farm to food and biomedical applications. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2140-2158. [PMID: 32159263 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The family Arecaceae includes 181 genera and 2,600 species with a high diversity in physical characteristics. Areca plants, commonly palms, which are able to grow in nearly every type of habitat, prefer tropical and subtropical climates. The most studied species Areca catechu L. contains phytochemicals as phenolics and alkaloids with biological properties. The phenolics are mainly distributed in roots followed by fresh unripe fruits, leaves, spikes, and veins, while the contents of alkaloids are in the order of roots, fresh unripe fruits, spikes, leaves, and veins. This species has been reputed to provide health effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, metabolic, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. However, in many developing countries, quid from this species has been associated with side effects, which include the destruction of the teeth, impairment of oral hygiene, bronchial asthma, or oral cancer. Despite these side effects, which are also mentioned in this work, the present review collects the main results of biological properties of the phytochemicals in A. catechu. This study emphasizes the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and clinical effectiveness in humans. In this sense, A. catechu have demonstrated effectiveness in several reports through in vitro and in vivo experiments on disorders such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, or anticancer. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that this species presents clinical effectiveness on neurological disorders. Hence, A. catechu extracts could be used as a bioactive ingredient for functional food, nutraceuticals, or cosmeceuticals. However, further studies, especially extensive and comprehensive clinical trials, are recommended for the use of Areca in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Dmitry A Konovalov
- Department of Pharmacognozy and Botany, Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, A branch of Volgograd State Medical University Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk, Russia
| | - Pascaline Fru
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Petrina Kapewangolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mileski S Ksenija
- Department of Morphology and Systematic of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olivia R Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Silvana Nicola
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignata
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre for Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Nanjangud V Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building, Health Science Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building, Health Science Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Abhay P Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.,Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, Utah, USA
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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10
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Two New Flavonoids from the Nuts of Areca catechu. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162862. [PMID: 31394749 PMCID: PMC6721780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new flavonoids, calquiquelignan M (1), calquiquelignan N (2), along with nine known compounds (3–11), were isolated from the nuts of Areca catechu (Palmae). The new structures, including absolute configurations, were established by a combination of spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. The known compounds were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data with reported in the literature. The flavonoids compounds (1–8) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity activities against three human cancer cell lines. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 49.8 and 53.6 μM, respectively.
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11
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Wu J, Zhang H, Wang S, Yuan L, Grünhofer P, Schreiber L, Wan Y. Tissue-specific and maturity-dependent distribution of pyridine alkaloids in Areca triandra. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:531-540. [PMID: 31127431 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Areca nuts (seeds of Areca catechu L.) are a traditional and popular masticatory in India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, certain parts of China, and some other countries. Four related pyridine alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine, guvacoline, and guvacine) are considered being the main functional ingredients in areca nut. Until now, A. catechu is the only known species producing these alkaloids in the Arecaceae family. In the present study, we investigated alkaloid contents in 12 Arecaceae species and found that only Areca triandra Roxb. contained these pyridine alkaloids. We further analyzed in more detail tissue-specific and development-related distribution of these alkaloids in leaves, male and female flowers and fruits in different stages of maturity in A. triandra by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results revealed that the alkaloids were most abundant in young leaves, the pericarp of ripe fruits and the endosperm of unripe fruits in developmental stage 2. Abundance of the 4 different alkaloids in A. triandra fruits varied during maturation. Pericarps of ripe fruits had the highest arecaidine concentration (4.45 mg g-1) and the lowest guvacoline concentration (0.0175 mg g-1), whereas the endosperm of unripe fruits of developmental stage 2 contained the highest guvacoline concentration (3.39 mg g-1) and the lowest guvacine concentration (0.245 mg g-1). We conclude that A. triandra is useful in future as a further valuable source of Areca alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - He Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Langxing Yuan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Paul Grünhofer
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yinglang Wan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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12
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Volgin AD, Bashirzade A, Amstislavskaya TG, Yakovlev OA, Demin KA, Ho YJ, Wang D, Shevyrin VA, Yan D, Tang Z, Wang J, Wang M, Alpyshov ET, Serikuly N, Wappler-Guzzetta EA, Lakstygal AM, Kalueff AV. DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Arecoline. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2176-2185. [PMID: 30664352 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arecoline is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid from areca (betel) nuts of the areca palm ( Areca catechu) endemic to South and Southeast Asia. A partial agonist of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, arecoline evokes multiple effects on the central nervous system (CNS), including stimulation, alertness, elation, and anxiolysis. Like nicotine, arecoline also evokes addiction and withdrawal symptoms (upon discontinuation). The abuse of areca nuts is widespread, with over 600 million users globally. The importance of arecoline is further supported by its being the world's fourth most commonly used human psychoactive substance (after alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine). Here, we discuss neuropharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of arecoline, as well as social and historical aspects of its use and abuse. Paralleling clinical findings, we also evaluate its effects in animal models and outline future clinical and preclinical CNS research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D. Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Alim Bashirzade
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | | | - Oleg A. Yakovlev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 194156, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 194156, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ying-Jui Ho
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
| | | | - Dongni Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Zhichong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Erik T. Alpyshov
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
| | | | - Anton M. Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Allan V. Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, Louisiana 70458, United States
- Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, Louisiana 70458, United States
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13
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Yuan H, Cao M, Yi P, Xie Q, Jian Y, Li B, Qin Y, Peng C, Wu H, Tan D, Qin Y, Wang W. Determination of alkaloids and phenols in the chewable husk products of Areca catechu L. Using HPLC-UV and UHPLC-MS/MS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1486326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Mengru Cao
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Yi
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qingling Xie
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Qin
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Caiyun Peng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hangyu Wu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Dianbo Tan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhui Qin
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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