A new nortriterpenoid and an ergostane-type steroid from the fruiting bodies of the fungus Ganoderma resinaceum

Structurally diverse lanostane triterpenoids from medicinal and edible mushroom Ganoderma resinaceum Boud

Ganoderma resinaceum is a multi-purpose herbal medicine that is homologous to functional food that has long been used for enhancing health and treating chronic hepatopathy in Traditional Chinese Medicine. In a search program to discover the key bioactive composition of G. resinaceum, sixteen new lanostane-type triterpenoids (1-16), and twenty known analogues (17-36) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of G. resinaceum. Spectroscopic analyses and X-ray crystallography were used to determine the new structures. Furthermore, the spectroscopic properties of 15β-hydroxy-4,4,14α- trimethyl-3,7,11,20-tetraoxo-5α-pregn-8-ene (15) and 15α-hydroxy-4,4,14α-trimethyl- 3,7,11,20-tetraoxo-5α-pregn-8-ene (34) indicated a potential structural misassignment of their analogues, lucidone E and lucidone H, reported previously. To probe this hypothesis, ROESY experiments and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted. These results undoubtedly reassigned the structure of lucidone E and lucidone H. Biological evaluation of the selected compounds disclosed that compounds 3, 4, 7/21, 11, 12, 13/14, 17, 18, 24/25, 27, 30, 31, and 35 had significant hepatoprotective activities, due to their remarkable in vitro inhibitory activities against the increase of ALT and AST levels in HepG2 cells induced by H₂O₂.

Lanostane triterpenoids from cultivated fruiting bodies of the wood-rot basidiomycete Ganoderma casuarinicola

Sixteen previously undescribed lanostane-type triterpenoids (1-16), together with fourteen known compounds, were isolated from cultivated fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Ganoderma casuarinicola, a recently described species. The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometry data. Two of these compounds, 9 and 10, showed antimalarial activity with IC₅₀ values of 9.7 and 9.2 μg/ml, respectively.

Isolation, Structural Elucidation, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Triterpenoid Lactones and Their Relevant Biogenetic Constituents from Ganoderma resinaceum

Ganoderma resinaceum has been used as an ethnomedicine for lowering blood sugar. To clarify the bioactive chemical constituents contributing to lower blood sugar, chemical investigation on the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma resinaceum was conducted by chromatographic techniques, and led to the isolation of 14 compounds. Their structures were elucidated as triterpenoid lactones (1–4 and 8) and ganoderma acids (5–7 and 9–14) based on the analysis of extensive spectroscopy (mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV)) and comparison with literature data. Compounds 3, 5, 6, and 9–14 were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 1–7 are new compounds. Compounds 1–4 and 8 were characteristic of an oxaspirolactone moiety, consisting of a five-membered ether ring, a five-membered lactone ring, and a characteristic C-23 spiro carbon. It is rare for natural products that such an oxaspirolactone moiety occurred in the lanostane-type triterpenoids. Compounds 5–7 and 9–14 may be important intermediates of the biosynthetic pathways of 1–4 and 8. Compounds 1 and 2 showed more potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase compared with the positive control drug acarbose with IC₅₀ value of 0.75 ± 0.018 mM and 1.64 ± 0.022 mM, respectively.