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Yin T, Yu Y, Liu Q, Zhu G, Bai L, Zhang W, Jiang Z. 13C-NMR-based MixONat strategy coupled with 2D NMR for rapid dereplication and identification of new secondary metabolites from Aloe vera. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jin X, Lu Y, Chen S, Chen D. UPLC-MS identification and anticomplement activity of the metabolites of Sophora tonkinensis flavonoids treated with human intestinal bacteria. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113176. [PMID: 32092632 PMCID: PMC7127204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Total flavonoids of S. tonkinensis showed obvious anticomplement activity after incubated with human intestinal bacteria. Eighteen flavonoids were identified from TFST and its metabolites by UPLC-ESI- LTQ/MS. Five glycosides were metabolized into three aglycones with more potent anticomplement activity.
Anticomplement activity played an important role in anti-inflammatory effects of traditional Chinese herbs. The total flavonoids of Sophora tonkinensis (TFST) were inactive on the complement system but showed obvious anticomplement activity after incubated with human intestinal bacteria in vitro. In order to discover the metabolic activation of TFST by intestinal flora, the constituents of TFST and its metabolites were identified by UPLC-ESI-LTQ/MS. Their anticomplement activities were evaluated through the classical and alternative pathway. As a result, eighteen flavonoids were identified, including seven flavonoid glycosides, five aglycones and six isoprenylated flavonoids. All the glycosides (daidzein-4′-glucoside-rhamnoside, sophorabioside, rutin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, ononin, trifolirhizin) were metabolized into their corresponding aglycones in different extent by human intestinal bacteria, resulting in the contents of the five aglycones were highly increased in 24 h. However, no changes have occurred on the six isoprenylated flavonoids. Interestingly, three aglycones (quercetin, formononetin and maackiain) had significantly more potent anticomplement activities than their prototype glycosides. The results indicated that the enhancement of TFST anticomplement activity was attributed to the active aglycones, especially formononetin and quercetin, produced by human intestinal bacteria. These aglycones are likely to be among the potential active components of S. tonkinensis for its inhibiting inflammation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaoxin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Daofeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Prateeksha, Yusuf MA, Singh BN, Sudheer S, Kharwar RN, Siddiqui S, Abdel-Azeem AM, Fernandes Fraceto L, Dashora K, Gupta VK. Chrysophanol: A Natural Anthraquinone with Multifaceted Biotherapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E68. [PMID: 30781696 PMCID: PMC6406798 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysophanol is a unique anthraquinone having broad-spectrum therapeutic potential along with ecological importance. It is the first polyketide that has been reported to be biosynthesized in an organism-specific manner. The traditional Chinese and Korean medicinal systems provide evidence of the beneficial effects of chrysophanol on human health. The global distribution of chrysophanol encountered in two domains of life (bacteria and eukaryota) has motivated researchers to critically evaluate the properties of this compound. A plethora of literature is available on the pharmacological properties of chrysophanol, which include anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and antimicrobial activities. However, the pharmacokinetics and toxicity studies on chrysophanol demand further investigations for it to be used as a drug. This is the first comprehensive review on the natural sources, biosynthetic pathways, and pharmacology of chrysophanol. Here we reviewed recent advancements made on the pharmacokinetics of the chrysophanol. Additionally, we have highlighted the knowledge gaps of its mechanism of action against diseases and toxicity aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateeksha
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Yusuf
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow-226016, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Brahma N. Singh
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Sudheer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Ravindra N. Kharwar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Saba Siddiqui
- Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (IIAST), Integral University, Lucknow-226026, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Suez Canal, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, São Paulo State University–Unesp, Sorocaba–São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil;
| | - Kavya Dashora
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Vijai K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;
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Park MH, Lee SM, Ko SK, Oh KY, Kim JH, Kim H, Kwon MC, Ryoo IJ, Ahn JS, Ryu HW, Oh SR. Analysis of Active Metabolites of Sophora flavescens for Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and Monoamine Oxidases using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of ongoing research on natural products derived from medicinal plants for enzyme inhibition, known dibenzoyl derivatives (1–3, 11 and 20), pterocarpans (4, 15 and 19), flavanones (5, 7, 10, 12–14, 18, 21–24, 26, 27, 29, 31–33, 35, 36, and 38–46), flavones (6, 16, 28, 30 and 37), isoflavones (8 and 17), furocoumarins (9), and chalcones (25 and 34) have been tentatively identified within fractions of Sophora flavescens roots (SFR) using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTof-MS) technique. The extract and column fractions inhibited indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and monoamine oxidases (MAOs) differently depending on the metabolite groups. The majority of rich fractions were shown to have residual activities of 49–59% at 10 μg/mL (IDO) and 11.7–34.9% at 50 μg/mL (MAOs) or below. In the total ion current (TIC) chromatogram, significant markers for the metabolites of the bioactive-guided fractions were identified; pterocarpans (4, 15 and 19), flavanones (5, 10, 12–14, 18, 21–23, 26, 29 31–33, 35, 36, and 38–46), isoflavones (8 and 17), furocoumarins (9), dibenzoyl derivatives (11 and 20), flavones (16, 28, 30 and 37), and chalcones (25 and 34) were evaluated among forty-six analyzed metabolites. Possible bioactive markers could be deduced using a data library and previous references, and information regarding spectroscopic characterization and optimal target metabolites was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyeon Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Mi Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyeong Yeol Oh
- Sancheong Oriental Medicinal Herb Institute, Sancheonggun, Gyeongnam, 52215, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kwon
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - In-Ja Ryoo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
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Chen M, Chai W, Song T, Ma M, Lian XY, Zhang Z. Anti-glioma Natural Products Downregulating Tumor Glycolytic Enzymes from Marine Actinomycete Streptomyces sp. ZZ406. Sci Rep 2018; 8:72. [PMID: 29311676 PMCID: PMC5758648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are important resources for discovering novel anticancer drugs. In this study, an extract prepared from the culture of a sea anemone-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp. ZZ406 in soluble starch and casein-related liquid medium was found to have activity in inhibiting the proliferation of glioma cells and reducing the production of lactate in glioma cells. Chemical investigation of this active crude extract resulted in the isolation of four new compounds and seven known ones. Structures of the new compounds were determined by a combination of extensive NMR analyses, HRESIMS and MS-MS data, electronic circular dichroism calculation, chemical degradation, and Marfey's method. New compound 1 showed potent activity against the proliferation of different glioma cells with IC50 values of 4.7 to 8.1 μM, high selectivity index (>12.3 to 21.3), and good stability in human liver microsomes. Western blot analysis revealed that compound 1 remarkably downregulated the expressions of several important glioma glycolytic enzymes. The data from this study suggested that compound 1 might have potential as a novel anti-glioma agent to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Chen
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Weiyun Chai
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Tengfei Song
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Mingzhu Ma
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zhizhen Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
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Abstract
Rhamnus caroliniana (Rhamnaceae), or Carolina buckthorn, is a plant commonly found in the southeastern United States that was used in Cherokee traditional medicine. To date, there have been no reports on the phytochemical constituents of R. caroliniana. The bark of R. caroliniana was collected and extracted with chloroform. The crude chloroform extract was subjected to preparative column chromatography on silica gel leading to the isolation of two anthraquinones (chrysophanol and physcion), the bianthrone ararobinol, the dihydroxynaphthalene torachrysone, and the fatty alcohol 1-docosanol. The bark essential oil of R. caroliniana was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. The major bark volatiles were the anthrone chrysarobin (24.2%), the piperidine alkaloid piperine (15.4%), and the dibenzoxepin pacharin (7.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Bindu Mekala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Evidente A, Cimmino A, Andolfi A. The Effect of Stereochemistry on the Biological Activity of Natural Phytotoxins, Fungicides, Insecticides and Herbicides. Chirality 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo; della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali; Via Università 100 80055 Portici Italy
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo; della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali; Via Università 100 80055 Portici Italy
| | - Anna Andolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo; della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali; Via Università 100 80055 Portici Italy
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Zhou XZ, Jia F, Liu XM, Yang C, Zhao L, Wang YJ. Total alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides L. increase susceptibility of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli isolates to cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 19:945-52. [PMID: 22528755 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of total alkaloids extracted from Sophorea alopecuroides L. (TASA) against clinical isolated extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. METHODS The antibacterial activity of TASA either itself or in combination with cefotaxime (CTX) or ceftazidime (CAZ) was investigated by using the microbroth dilution method and phenotypic confirmatory disk diffusion test against three clinical isolated ESBLs-producing E. coli strains; the interactions of TASA and CTX or CAZ were ascertained by evaluating the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). RESULTS The antibacterial activity of either TASA itself or in combination with CTX or CAZ was found. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of TASA against the ESBLs producing isolates was 12.5 mg/mL. In the combinations with a sub-inhibitory concentration of TASA, a synergistic effect on CTX and CAZ against the ESBLs producing isolates was observed. Similarly, the isolates exposed to lower dose of TASA yielded an increased susceptibility to CTX and CAZ by 8-16 folds determined by microdilution assay. Moreover, enzymatic detection of ESBLs demonstrated that TASA induced reversal resistance to CTX and CAZ partially by a mechanism of inhibition of ESBLs activity in these isolates. Additionally, in the tested isolates following the exposure of TASA, molecular analysis verified the SHV-type beta-lactamase encoding ESBL gene in these isolates, and no mutation was introduced into the ESBL gene. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TASA could be used as a source of natural compound with pharmacological activity of reversal resistance to antimicrobial agent. These findings also indicated that the application of the TASA in combination with antibiotics might prove useful in the control and treatment of infectious diseases caused by the ESBLs producing enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-zhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
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Evidente A, Cimmino A, Fernández-Aparicio M, Rubiales D, Andolfi A, Melck D. Soyasapogenol B and trans-22-dehydrocam- pesterol from common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) root exudates stimulate broomrape seed germination. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2011; 67:1015-1022. [PMID: 21480462 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orobanche and Phelipanche species (the broomrapes) are root parasitic plants, some of which represent serious weed problems causing severe yield losses on important crops. Control strategies have largely focused on agronomic practices, resistant crop varieties and herbicides, albeit with marginal success. An alternative control method is the induction of suicidal seed germination with natural substances isolated from root exudates of host and non-host plants. RESULTS Soyasapogenol B [olean-12-ene-3,22,24-triol(3β,4β,22β)] and trans-22-dehydrocampesterol [(ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol, (3β,22E,24S)] were isolated from Vicia sativa root exudates. They were identified by comparing their spectroscopic and optical properties with those reported in the literature. Soyasapogenol B was very specific, stimulating the germination of O. minor seeds only, whereas trans-22-dehydrocampesterol stimulated P. aegyptiaca, O. crenata, O. foetida and O. minor. CONCLUSION Soyasapogenol B and trans-22-deydrocampesterol were isolated for the first time from Vicia sativa root exudates, and their biological activity as stimulants of Orobanche or Phelipanche sp. seed germination was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy.
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Laghari AQ, Memon S, Nelofar A, Laghari AH. Extraction, Identification and Antioxidative Properties of the Flavonoid-Rich Fractions from Leaves and Flowers of Cassia <i>angustifolia</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2011.28100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Veitch NC, Grayer RJ. Flavonoids and their glycosides, including anthocyanins. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:555-611. [DOI: 10.1039/b718040n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ding P, Chen D. Three Cyclized Isoprenylated Flavonoids from the Roots and Rhizomes ofSophora tonkinensis. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Lee JH, Baek NI, Kim SH, Park HW, Yang JH, Lee JJ, Kim SJ, Jeong SI, Oh CH, Lee KH, Kim DK. A new cytotoxic prenylated chalcone from Sophora flavescens. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:408-11. [PMID: 17489354 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated a new prenylated chalcone from the roots of Sophora flavescens (Leguminosae). We determined that structure of this compound is 7,9,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-8-isopentenyl-5-methoxychalcone (1) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR data). Compound 1 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human acute promyelocytic (HL60), mouse lymphocytic (L1210) and human histiocytic (U937) leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeok Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Development, Nambu University, Gwangju, Korea
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Ding P, Chen D. Isoprenylated Flavonoids from the Roots and Rhizomes ofSophora tonkinensis. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jung HJ, Kang SS, Woo JJ, Choi JS. A new lavandulylated flavonoid with free radical and onoo-scavenging activities fromSophora flavescens. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 28:1333-6. [PMID: 16392664 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new lavandulylated flavonoid, 8-lavandulylkaempferol (1), was isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens AITON (Leguminosae). The structure of this compound was determined via spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 was determined to be a scavenger on both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and ONOO-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Jung
- Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
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Jung HJ, Kang SS, Hyun SK, Choi JS. In Vitro Free Radical and ONOO- Scavengers from Sophora flavescens. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 28:534-40. [PMID: 15974438 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation of the CH2Cl2-soluble fraction of the roots of Sophora flavescens furnished five 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavengers: trans-hexadecyl ferulic acid (1), cis-octadecyl ferulic acid (2), trans-hexadecyl sinapic acid (3), (-)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-(6aR,11aR)-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan (4) and desmethylanhydroicaritin (8), along with nine known inactive compounds: (-)-maackiain (5), xanthohumol (6), formononetin (7), (2S)-2'-methoxykurarinone (9), (2S)-3beta,7,4'-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)-flavanone (10), (2S)-7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)-flavanone (11), umbelliferone (12), kuraridin (13), and trifolirhizin (14). Compounds 1-4 and 8 exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging effects at IC50 values of 33.01 +/- 0.20, 57.06 +/- 0.16, 39.84 +/- 0.36, 35.83 +/- 0.47, and 18.11 +/- 0.04 microM, respectively. L-Ascorbic acid, when used as a positive control, exhibited an IC50 value of 7.39 +/- 0.01 microM. Compounds 1-4 and 8 also appeared to exert significant scavenging effects on authentic ONOO-, with IC50 values of 5.76 +/- 1.19, 15.06 +/- 1.64, 8.17 +/- 4.97, 1.95 +/- 0.29, and 4.06 +/- 2.41 microM, respectively. Penicillamine (IC50 = 2.36 +/- 0.79 microM) was used as a positive control. In addition, compounds 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Jung
- Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
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