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Gao F, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Xiao C, Sun Z, Gao Y, Dou X. Orientin alleviates ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in human vascular endothelial cells by regulating Sestrin 1 (SESN1)-mediated autophagy. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:109-120. [PMID: 38165567 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are a crucial component of the vessel-tissue wall and exert an important role in atherosclerosis (AS). To explore the role of Orientin in AS, human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to simulate the vascular endothelial injury during AS. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Oxidative stress and inflammation related markers were measured using kits, RT-qPCR or western blot. Besides, cell apoptosis was assessed with TUNEL staining and cell autophagy was evaluated by LC3 immunofluorescent staining. Additionally, western blot was utilized to evaluate the expression of Sestrin 1 (SESN1) and proteins in AMPK/mTOR signaling. Afterwards, SESN1 was silenced to determine the expression of autophagy-related proteins. The further application of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used to clarify the regulatory mechanism of Orientin on autophagy. Results showed that the decreased viability of HUVECs caused by ox-LDL induction was elevated by Orientin. Oxidative stress and inflammation were also attenuated after Orientin addition in HUVECs under ox-LDL condition. Moreover, Orientin suppressed apoptosis and induced autophagy of HUVECs stimulated by ox-LDL, accompanied by enhanced level of phospho (p)-AMPK and declined level of p-mTOR. Interestingly, SESN1 level was elevated by Orientin, and SESN1 depletion alleviated autophagy and reduced p-AMPK expression but enhanced p-mTOR expression. The further experiments indicated that SESN1 silencing or 3-MA addition reversed the inhibitory effects of Orientin on the oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of HUVECs. Collectively, Orientin could induce autophagy by activating SESN1 expression, thereby regulating AMPK/mTOR signaling in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Xuzhou, 221005, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongcheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Xuzhou, 221005, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Xuzhou, 221005, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunwei Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Xuzhou, 221005, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanfa Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Xuzhou, 221005, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Xuzhou, 221005, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyong Dou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Xuzhou, 221005, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Cheng Y, Wan S, Yao L, Lin D, Wu T, Chen Y, Zhang A, Lu C. Bamboo leaf: A review of traditional medicinal property, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and purification technology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116166. [PMID: 36649850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bamboos are perennial evergreen plants that belong to the subfamily Bambusoideae of the true grass family Poaceae, with more than thousands of species distributed around the world. They are used as a traditional medicine with demonstrated effects of anti-oxidation, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, liver protection and ameliorating cognitive deficits. Bamboo leaf is mainly used for the treatment of atherosclerotic, diabetic and nervous system diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the traditional medicinal properties, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and purification technologies of bamboo leaf. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on bamboo leaf was obtained by an online search of worldwide accepted scientific databases (Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, SpringerLink, ACS Publications, Wiley Online Library and CNKI). RESULTS More than 100 chemical compounds, including flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, volatile components, phenolic acids, polysaccharide, coenzyme Q10, phenylpropanoid and amino acids have been reported to be present. These compounds were usually extracted by column chromatography and membrane separation technologies. Preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC), high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), simulated moving bed chromatography (SMB) and dynamic axial compression chromatography (DAC) were the advanced separation technologies have been used to isolate C-glycosides from bamboo leaf flavonoid, the main bioactive ingredient of bamboo leaf. Currently, bamboo leaf is mainly used for the treatment of atherosclerotic, diabetic, hepatic diseases and nervous system related symptoms, which are attributed to the presence of bioactive components of bamboo leaf. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical and pharmacological analyses of bamboo leaf have been revealed in recent studies. However, most of the pharmacological studies on bamboo leaf have focused on bamboo leaf flavonoids. Further studies need to pay more attention to other phytochemical components of bamboo leaf. In addition, there is lack of sufficient clinical data and toxicity studies on bamboo leaf. Therefore, more clinical and toxicity researches on this plant and constituents are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Siqi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Linna Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ding Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Zhejiang Limited Company of Science and Technology of SHENGSHI BIOLOGY, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Chenfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Kimura I, Kagawa S, Tsuneki H, Tanaka K, Nagashima F. Multitasking bamboo leaf-derived compounds in prevention of infectious, inflammatory, atherosclerotic, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen C, Yu LT, Cheng BR, Xu JL, Cai Y, Jin JL, Feng RL, Xie L, Qu XY, Li D, Liu J, Li Y, Cui XY, Lu JJ, Zhou K, Lin Q, Wan J. Promising Therapeutic Candidate for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: What Are the Possible Mechanisms and Roles of Phytochemicals? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:792592. [PMID: 35252368 PMCID: PMC8893235 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.792592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most effective reperfusion strategies for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) despite myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, causing one of the causes of most cardiomyocyte injuries and deaths. The pathological processes of myocardial I/R injury include apoptosis, autophagy, and irreversible cell death caused by calcium overload, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Eventually, myocardial I/R injury causes a spike of further cardiomyocyte injury that contributes to final infarct size (IS) and bound with hospitalization of heart failure as well as all-cause mortality within the following 12 months. Therefore, the addition of adjuvant intervention to improve myocardial salvage and cardiac function calls for further investigation. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in Chinese herbal medicine. Great effort has been put into phytochemicals because they are often in line with the expectations to improve myocardial I/R injury without compromising the clinical efficacy or to even produce synergy. We summarized the previous efforts, briefly outlined the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury, and focused on exploring the cardioprotective effects and potential mechanisms of all phytochemical types that have been investigated under myocardial I/R injury. Phytochemicals deserve to be utilized as promising therapeutic candidates for further development and research on combating myocardial I/R injury. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Ru Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Lin Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Jin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Lin
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Jie Wan
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Jia JY, Zang EH, Lv LJ, Li QY, Zhang CH, Xia Y, Zhang L, Dang LS, Li MH. Flavonoids in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:49-63. [PMID: 36117755 PMCID: PMC9476686 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases are one of the major causes of death worldwide. Effective restoration of blood flow can significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce mortality. However, reperfusion injury cannot be ignored. Flavonoids possess well-established antioxidant properties; They also have other benefits that may be relevant for ameliorating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). In this review, we focus on flavonoids with cardiovascular-protection function and emphasize their pharmacological effects. The main mechanisms of flavonoid pharmacological activities against MIRI involve the following aspects: a) antioxidant, b) anti-inflammatory, c) anti-platelet aggregation, d) anti-apoptosis, and e) myocardial-function regulation activities. We also summarized the effectiveness of flavonoids for MIRI.
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Li F, Zong J, Zhang H, Zhang P, Xu L, Liang K, Yang L, Yong H, Qian W. Orientin Reduces Myocardial Infarction Size via eNOS/NO Signaling and Thus Mitigates Adverse Cardiac Remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:926. [PMID: 29311930 PMCID: PMC5742593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Orientin is a flavonoid extracted from Chinese traditional herb, Polygonum orientale L. Previous study has reported that orientin protected myocardial from ischemia reperfusion injury. However, whether orientin could protect against cardiac remodeling after myocardial injury remains unclear. The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of orientin in the progression of cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Mice cardiac remodeling model was established by left coronary artery ligation surgery. Experimental groups were as follows: vehicle-sham, orientin-sham, vehicle-MI, and orientin-MI. Animals were treated with vehicle or orientin (40 mg/kg) for 25 days starting 3 days after surgery. After 4 weeks of MI, mice with orientin treatment had decreased mortality and improved cardiac function. Significantly, at 4 weeks post-MI, orientin treatment decreased fibrosis, inflammatory response, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, orientin treatment attenuated the hypoxia-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased cell viability. Additionally, orientin supplementation mitigated oxidative stress in remodeling heart tissue and cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia as measured by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe. Mechanistically, orientin promotes cardioprotection by activating the eNOS/NO signaling cascades, which was confirmed by eNOS inhibitor (L-NAME) in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of oxidative stress by orientin via eNOS/NO signaling cascades in the heart may represent a potential therapy for cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Zong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peijie Zhang
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Luhong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Yong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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7
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Dludla PV, Joubert E, Muller CJF, Louw J, Johnson R. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and heart disease-cardioprotective effects of rooibos flavonoids and phenylpyruvic acid-2- O-β-D-glucoside. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:45. [PMID: 28702068 PMCID: PMC5504778 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are at an increased risk of developing heart failure when compared to their non-diabetic counter parts. Accumulative evidence suggests chronic hyperglycemia to be central in the development of myocardial infarction in these patients. At present, there are limited therapies aimed at specifically protecting the diabetic heart at risk from hyperglycemia-induced injury. Oxidative stress, through over production of free radical species, has been hypothesized to alter mitochondrial function and abnormally augment the activity of the NADPH oxidase enzyme system resulting in accelerated myocardial injury within a diabetic state. This has led to a dramatic increase in the exploration of plant-derived materials known to possess antioxidative properties. Several edible plants contain various natural constituents, including polyphenols that may counteract oxidative-induced tissue damage through their modulatory effects of intracellular signaling pathways. Rooibos, an indigenous South African plant, well-known for its use as herbal tea, is increasingly studied for its metabolic benefits. Prospective studies linking diet rich in polyphenols from rooibos to reduced diabetes associated cardiovascular complications have not been extensively assessed. Aspalathin, a flavonoid, and phenylpyruvic acid-2-O-β-D-glucoside, a phenolic precursor, are some of the major compounds found in rooibos that can ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte damage in vitro. While the latter has demonstrated potential to protect against cell apoptosis, the proposed mechanism of action of aspalathin is linked to its capacity to enhance the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) expression, an intracellular antioxidant response element. Thus, here we review literature on the potential cardioprotective properties of flavonoids and a phenylpropenoic acid found in rooibos against diabetes-induced oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec- Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Muller CJF, Malherbe CJ, Chellan N, Yagasaki K, Miura Y, Joubert E. Potential of rooibos, its major C-glucosyl flavonoids, and Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid in prevention of metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:227-246. [PMID: 27305453 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1157568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) cluster together and are termed the metabolic syndrome. Key factors driving the metabolic syndrome are inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance (IR), and obesity. IR is defined as the impairment of insulin to achieve its physiological effects, resulting in glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction in tissues such as muscle, fat, kidney, liver, and pancreatic β-cells. The potential of rooibos extract and its major C-glucosyl flavonoids, in particular aspalathin, a C-glucoside dihydrochalcone, as well as the phenolic precursor, Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, to prevent the metabolic syndrome, will be highlighted. The mechanisms whereby these phenolic compounds elicit positive effects on inflammation, cellular oxidative stress and transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism will be discussed in terms of their potential in ameliorating features of the metabolic syndrome and the development of serious metabolic disease. An overview of the phenolic composition of rooibos and the changes during processing will provide relevant background on this herbal tea, while a discussion of the bioavailability of the major rooibos C-glucosyl flavonoids will give insight into a key aspect of the bioefficacy of rooibos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo J F Muller
- a Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform , South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Christiaan J Malherbe
- b Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division , Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- a Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform , South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- c Division of Applied Biological Chemistry , Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu , Tokyo , Japan.,d Center for Bioscience Research and Education , Utsunomiya University , Utsunomiya , Tochigi , Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- c Division of Applied Biological Chemistry , Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- b Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division , Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , Stellenbosch , South Africa.,e Department of Food Science , Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland Stellenbosch , South Africa
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Marques AM, Provance DW, Kaplan MAC, Figueiredo MR. Echinodorus grandiflorus: Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview of a medicinal plant used in Brazil. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:1032-1047. [PMID: 28322968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli is a native Brazilian species used in traditional practices for the treatment of several conditions such as inflammatory diseases, arthritis and hypertension. Through a systematic review of the accumulated knowledge about the species E. grandiflorus, the botanical, phytochemistry, ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties of this medicinal plant demonstrates its potential to naturally provide anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant with a special emphasis on anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective effects. The body of literature reports that the chemical composition of crude E. grandiflorus extracts are notably composed of diterpenoids and flavonoids metabolites. Pharmacological studies have shown that oral treatments using the hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves from this plant has a significant anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, diuretic and cardioprotective effects in rats with no toxicity. The holistic activities of complex extracts are corroborated by the individuals mechanisms of action, as well as, synergistic benefits attributed to the isolated chemical major constituents in this species. In light of the serious health concerns ascribed, it is important to investigate medicinal plant species with histories of traditional use for circulatory problems to meet the growing demands by scientifically validating their use and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Marques
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, PN3, Farmanguinhos, CEP 21041-250, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - D William Provance
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora C Kaplan
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors (IPPN), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21.941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Raquel Figueiredo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, PN3, Farmanguinhos, CEP 21041-250, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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A Review on Medicinal Properties of Orientin. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:4104595. [PMID: 27298620 PMCID: PMC4889806 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants continue to play an important role in modern medications and healthcare as consumers generally believe that most of them cause fewer or milder adverse effects than the conventional modern medicines. In order to use the plants as a source of medicinal agents, the bioactive compounds are usually extracted from plants. Therefore, the extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants is a crucial step in producing plant-derived drugs. One of the bioactive compounds isolable from medicinal plants, orientin, is often used in various bioactivity studies due to its extensive beneficial properties. The extraction of orientin in different medicinal plants and its medicinal properties, which include antioxidant, antiaging, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, vasodilatation and cardioprotective, radiation protective, neuroprotective, antidepressant-like, antiadipogenesis, and antinociceptive effects, are discussed in detail in this review.
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Liu L, Wu Y, Huang X. Orientin protects myocardial cells against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury through induction of autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 776:90-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Attenuation of Oxidative Stress of Erythrocytes by Plant-Derived Flavonoids, Orientin and Luteolin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3401269. [PMID: 26966458 PMCID: PMC4757700 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3401269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are easy to be injured by oxidative stress in their lifespan. Although there are several chemicals such as vitamin C (VC) that would be able to reduce oxidative stress, natural herbal products still remain an interesting research area. The current study investigated the effects of two plant-derived flavonoids, orientin and luteolin, on erythrocytes and their possible mechanisms. This experiment was divided into nine groups, which were normal group, model group, VC control group, and treated groups with different doses of orientin and luteolin (10, 20, and 40 μg/mL), respectively. Hemolysis rate was determined by spectrophotometry. Antioxidative enzyme and products were evaluated by different methods. Erythrocyte cell surface and cellular structure were observed with scanning or transmission electron microscope, respectively. Oxidative stress induced significant increase in hemolysis rate of erythrocytes. Orientin or luteolin ameliorated hemolysis of erythrocytes in oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Both orientin and luteolin reduced oxidative products and increased antioxidative enzyme activities. Moreover, orientin and luteolin attenuated oxidative stress induced damage of erythrocyte cell surface morphology and cellular structure. In conclusion, orientin and luteolin could protect human erythrocytes from oxidative damage by attenuating oxidative stress, protecting antioxidative enzyme activities, and preserving integrity of erythrocyte structure.
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Jun P. Potential medicinal application and toxicity evaluation of extracts from bamboo plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:681-692. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2014.5657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Tian YS, Rong TZ, Hong YL, Min L, Jian PG. Pharmacological postconditioning with diazoxide attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in rat liver. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1169-1173. [PMID: 23596486 PMCID: PMC3627466 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that ischemic postconditioning (IPO) is capable of attenuating ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart. However, the novel role of pharmacological postconditioning in the liver remains unclear. In this study, the hypothesis that diazoxide postconditioning reduces I/R-induced injury in rat liver was tested. Rats were assigned randomly to the sham-operated control, I/R (occlusion of the porta hepatis for 60 min, followed by a persistent reperfusion for 120 min), diazoxide ischemic postconditioning (DIPO; occlusion of the porta hepatis for 60 min, then treatment with diazoxide for 10 min reperfusion, followed by a persistent reperfusion for 110 min) or 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD)+DIPO (occlusion of the porta hepatis for 60 min, then treatment with diazoxide and 5-HD for 10 min reperfusion, followed by a persistent reperfusion for 110 min) groups. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were assayed. The expression levels of protein kinase c-ε (pkc-ε), cytochrome c (cyt-c), caspase-3 and bcl-2 protein were determined by western blotting. The serum levels of ALT and AST and expression levels of cyt-c and caspase-3 were significantly lower in the DIPO group (P<0.05). However, the protein expression levels of pkc-ε and bcl-2 were markedly increased in the DIPO group (P<0.05). 5-HD abrogated the protective effects of DIPO. The data of the present study provide the first evidence that DIPO protects the liver from I/R injury by opening the mitochondrial KATP channels, activating and upregulating pkc-ε and inhibiting the activation of the apoptotic pathway by decreasing the release of cyt-c and the expression of caspase-3 and increasing bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Kim KA, Kang KD, Jo H, Lee HJ, Kim CY, Um BH, Jung SH. Compound Isolated from the Leaves of Phyllostachys nigra
Protects NMDA-Induced Retinal Degeneration. J Food Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Kim
- Functional Food Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute; Gangneung 210-340 Korea
| | - Kui Dong Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyoung Jo
- Functional Food Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute; Gangneung 210-340 Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Functional Food Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute; Gangneung 210-340 Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- Functional Food Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute; Gangneung 210-340 Korea
| | - Byung Hun Um
- Functional Food Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute; Gangneung 210-340 Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Functional Food Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute; Gangneung 210-340 Korea
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Abstract
Orientin, isolated from bamboo leaves, is an important natural antioxidant. It has been identified that orientin could protect myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and mitochondrial pathway might be involved in this effect. But the precise mechanism underlying this protective effect is still elusive. Mitochondrial channels are proved to be the important effectors of cell life and death. Especially, mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) has shown particular contribution to cardiomyocytes under specific pathological or physiological conditions. The role of MCU in regulating I/R-induced heart injury is a novel research area. In addition, the relationship of orientin and MCU in mediating reperfusion-induced cardiomyocytes injury is still elusive. In the present study, we used H9c2 cardiomytocytes to investigate the effect of orientin on MCU during reperfusion. Our results indicated that orientin could prevent the MCU opening in H9c2 cells subjected to I/R injury. Further investigation revealed that this effect was correlated with orientin-attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), mitochondrial cytochrome c release and mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation. Our results suggested that these beneficial effects of orientin were partially blocked by spermine, an activator of MCU. In summary, the findings indicate that orientin protects H9c2 cardiomytocytes against ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uniporter opening,and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be involved in these effects of orientin.
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Lee HJ, Kim KA, Kang KD, Lee EH, Kim CY, Um BH, Jung SH. The compound isolated from the leaves of Phyllostachys nigra protects oxidative stress-induced retinal ganglion cells death. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1721-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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