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Deng L, Liu H, Deng Q. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of benzo(a)pyrene and the metabolite in humans of different ages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:202-214. [PMID: 31296039 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1640355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Age-specific differences in the pharmacokinetics of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and its metabolite 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OHBaP) potentially affect time courses of tissue concentration; however, the quantitative impact of these differences is not well characterized. Our objective was to quantify the effect of age-specific differences in physiological and biochemical parameters on the pharmacokinetics of BaP and 3-OHBaP from newborn at birth to adulthood following inhalation exposure. The time courses of BaP and 3-OHBaP were simulated by using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model with Advanced Continuous Simulation Language (ACSLX). The concentrations of BaP increased with age in the liver but decreased with age in most tissues, urine, and blood. The concentrations of 3-OHBaP were the highest in the newborns. Our results also showed that the concentration of BaP has almost reached a steady state in the kidney, liver, lung, rapidly perfused tissues, slowly perfused tissues, and skin except for adipose tissues. However, the concentration of 3-OHBaP has reached a steady state in all tissues. This study suggests that age-specific parameters have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of BaP and 3-OHBaP. In particular, tissue concentration in the newborns is higher than other age groups, which indicates that the newborns are susceptible to environmental BaP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Deng
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University , Changsha, HN, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University , Changsha, HN, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University , Changsha, HN, China
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha, China
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, HN, China
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Wang X, Yang P, Li J, Ihsan A, Liu Q, Cheng G, Tao Y, Liu Z, Yuan Z. Genotoxic risk of quinocetone and its possible mechanism in in vitro studies. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:446-460. [PMID: 30090359 PMCID: PMC6062406 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00341e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoxalines possessing the quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide (QdNOs) basic structure are used for their antibacterial action, although their mechanism of genotoxicity is not clear. After comparing the sensitivity of V79 cells and HepG2 cells to quinocetone (QCT) and other QdNOs, it was found that HepG2 cells are more sensitive. The results show that QCT induces the generation of O2˙- and OH˙ during metabolism. Free radicals could then attack guanine and induce 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanine (8-OHdG) generation, causing DNA strand breakage, the inhibition of topoisomerase II (topo II) activity, and alter PCNA, Gadd45 and topo II gene expression. QCT also caused mutations in the mtDNA genes COX1, COX3 and ATP6, which might affect the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nuclear extracts from HepG2 cells treated with QCT had markedly reduced topo II activity, as judged by the inability to convert pBR322 DNA from the catenated to the decatenated form by producing stable DNA-topo II complexes. This study suggests that QCT electrostatically bound to DNA in a groove, affecting the dissociation of topo II from DNA and impacting DNA replication. Taken together, these data reveal that DNA damage induced by QCT resulted from O2˙- and OH˙ generated in the metabolism process. This data throws new light onto the genotoxicity of quinoxalines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-87287186
| | - Panpan Yang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
| | - Juan Li
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Sahiwal , Pakistan
| | - Qianying Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Zhengli Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-87287186
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety , Wuhan , Hubei , China
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Malmquist LMV, Christensen JH, Selck H. Effects of Nereis diversicolor on the transformation of 1-methylpyrene and pyrene: transformation efficiency and identification of phase I and II products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5383-5392. [PMID: 23611659 DOI: 10.1021/es400809p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of nonsubstituted and alkyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the benthic invertebrate Nereis diversicolor was compared in this study. Pyrene and 1-methylpyrene were used as model compounds for nonsubstituted and alkyl-substituted PAHs, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of metabolites and parent compounds in worm tissue, water, and sediment were performed. Transformation of 1-methylpyrene generated the benzylic hydroxylated phase I product, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid that comprised 90% of the total metabolites of 1-methylpyrene, and was mainly found in water extracts. We tentatively identified 1-methylpyrene glucuronides and 1-carbonylpyrene glycine as phase II metabolites not previously reported in literature. Pyrene was biotransformed to 1-hydroxypyrene, pyrene-1-sulfate, pyrene-1-glucuronide, and pyrene glucoside sulfate, with pyrene-1-glucuronide as the most prominent metabolite. Transformation of 1-methylpyrene (21% transformed) was more than 3 times as efficient as pyrene transformation (5.6% transformed). Because crude oils contain larger amounts of C₁-C₄-substituted PAHs than nonsubstituted PAHs, the rapid and efficient transformation of sediment-associated 1-methylpyrene may result in a high exposure of water-living organisms to metabolites of alkyl-substituted PAHs, whose toxicities are unknown. This study demonstrates the need to consider fate and effects of substituted PAHs and their metabolites in risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus M V Malmquist
- Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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