Caputo S, Kovtun A, Bruno F, Ravera E, Lambruschini C, Melucci M, Moni L. Study and application of graphene oxide in the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted quinolines
via a Povarov multicomponent reaction and subsequent oxidation.
RSC Adv 2022;
12:15834-15847. [PMID:
35733657 PMCID:
PMC9135005 DOI:
10.1039/d2ra01752k]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbocatalyzed synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted quinolines is disclosed. This process involved a three-component Povarov reaction of anilines, aldehydes and electron-enriched enol ethers, which gave the substrate for the subsequent oxidation. Graphene oxide (GO) was exploited as a heterogeneous, metal-free and sustainable catalyst for both transformations. The multicomponent reaction proceeded under simple and mild reaction conditions, exhibited good functional group tolerance, and could be easily scaled up to the gram level. A selection of tetrahydroquinolines obtained was subsequently aromatized to quinolines. The multistep synthesis could also be performed as a one-pot procedure. Investigation of the real active sites of GO was carried out by performing control experiments and a by full characterization of the carbon material by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR).
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