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Mohamadpour F, Amani AM. Proflavine (PFH +): as a photosensitizer (PS) biocatalyst for the visible-light-induced synthesis of pyrano [2,3 -d] pyrimidine scaffolds. Front Chem 2024; 12:1304850. [PMID: 38595702 PMCID: PMC11002269 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1304850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A sustainable methodology for the synthesis of pyrano [2,3-d] pyrimidine scaffolds have been developed, employing the Knoevenagel-Michael tandem cyclocondensation reaction of barbituric acid/1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, malononitrile, and aryl aldehydes. This study elucidates the advancement of a sustainable and environmentally conscious approach to synthesizing this category of chemical compounds. In the present investigation, a novel photosensitizer comprising proflavine (PFH+) bio-photocatalyst was employed in an aqueous medium, subjected to air atmosphere at room temperature, and stimulated by a blue-light-emitting diode (LED) to harness renewable energy. The fundamental objective of this initiative is to utilize a photosensitizer (PS) biocatalyst that has been recently developed, can be conveniently acquired, and is priced affordably. The proflavine (PFH+) photocatalyst, demonstrates the ability to initiate photoinduced-electron transfer (PET) through exposure to visible light. This property endows the photocatalyst with a practical and efficient method of achieving high effectiveness, energy efficiency, and environmentally friendly outcomes. The current research endeavor has the objective of examining the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) pertaining to pyrano [2,3-d] pyrimidine scaffolds. Moreover, it has been validated that cyclization at the gram-scale is a feasible approach that can be employed in various industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Mohamadpour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mohamadpour F. 3DPAFIPN as a halogenated dicyanobenzene-based photosensitizer catalyzed gram-scale photosynthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13142. [PMID: 37573466 PMCID: PMC10423215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the Knoevenagel-Michael tandem cyclocondensation reaction of barbituric acid/1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, malononitrile, and aryl aldehydes, a sustainable methodology for the photosynthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds has been devised. The present study expounds on the development of a green radical synthetic approach toward this class of compounds. In this study, a novel halogenated dicyanobenzene-based photosensitizer was utilized in an aqueous solution, exposed to air at room temperature, and activated by a blue LED as a renewable energy source for the purpose of generating energy. The primary aim of this endeavor is to employ a recently developed, easily obtainable, and affordably priced halogenated cyanoarene-based donor-acceptor (D-A). The 3DPAFIPN [2,4,6-tris(diphenylamino)-5-fluoroisophthalonitrile]} photocatalyst, as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), is capable of inducing single electron transfer (SET) upon irradiation with visible light, thereby offering a facile and efficient approach with a high degree of effectiveness, energy efficiency, and eco-friendliness. The aforementioned phenomenon facilitates the exploration of the temporal changes that have occurred in the interactions between the surroundings and chemical constituents. The present study aimed to investigate the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) for pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that gram-scale cyclization is a viable method for utilization in industrial applications.
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Hootifard G, Sheikhhosseini E, Ahmadi SA, Yahyazadehfar M. Fe 3O 4@iron-based metal-organic framework nanocomposite [Fe 3O 4@MOF (Fe) NC] as a recyclable magnetic nano-organocatalyst for the environment-friendly synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Front Chem 2023; 11:1193080. [PMID: 37255544 PMCID: PMC10225664 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1193080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines were synthesized by the multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, malononitrile, and acidic C-H compounds such as barbituric acid through the tandem Knoevenagel-Michael cyclocondensation pathway in an environmentally friendly reactive medium in the presence of a recoverable nanocomposite. This nanocomposite includes Fe3O4 nanoparticles placed on an organometallic framework. The synthesized Fe3O4@iron-based metal-organic framework nanocomposite was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, a vibrating sample magnetometer, and thermogravimetric analysis.
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Mohamadpour F. Photochemical synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds using photoexcited organic dye, Na 2 eosin Y as direct hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) photocatalyst via visible light-mediated under air atmosphere. BMC Chem 2023; 17:2. [PMID: 36750909 PMCID: PMC9906854 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Knoevenagel-Michael cyclocondensation of barbituric acid/1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, malononitrile, and arylaldehyde derivatives was used to construct a multicomponent green tandem method for the metal-free synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds. At room temperature in aqueous ethanol, photo-excited state functions generated from Na2 eosin Y were employed as direct hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysts by visible light mediated in the air atmosphere. This research looks towards expanding the use of a non-metallic organic dye that is both affordable and readily available. Because of its good yields, energy-effectiveness, high atom economy, time-saving qualities of the reaction, and operational simplicity, Na2 eosin Y is photochemically produced with the least amount of a catalyst. As a result, various ecological and sustainable chemical properties are met. Surprisingly, such cyclization may be carried out on a gram scale, indicating the reaction's potential industrial application.
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Parmar M, Vala RM, Patel HM. Importance of Hybrid Catalysts toward the Synthesis of 5 H-Pyrano[2,3- d]pyrimidine-2-ones/2,4-diones (Thiones). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1759-1816. [PMID: 36687108 PMCID: PMC9850783 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The pyranopyrimidine core is a key precursor for medicinal and pharmaceutical industries due to its broader synthetic applications as well as its bioavailability. Among its four possible isomers, we found that 5H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds have a wide range of applicability, and in recent years, they have been intensively investigated, but the development of the main core is found to be more challenging due to its structural existence. In this review article, we cover all of the synthetic pathways that are employed for the development of substituted 4-aryl-octahydropyrano/hexahydrofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one (thiones) and 5-aryl-substituted pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidindione (2-thiones) derivatives through a one-pot multicomponent reaction using diversified hybrid catalysts such as organocatalysts, metal catalysts, ionic liquid catalysts, nanocatalysts, green solvents, catalyst-/solvent-free conditions, and miscellaneous catalysts as well as the mechanism and recyclability of the catalysts. This review mainly focuses on the application of hybrid catalysts (from 1992 to 2022) for the synthesis of 5H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds. This review will definitely attract the world's leading researchers to utilize broader catalytic applications for the development of lead molecules.
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Mohamadpour F. Supramolecular β-Cyclodextrin as a Reusable Catalyst for Xanthene Synthesis in Aqueous Medium. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2141047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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El-Khateeb AY, Hamed SE, Elattar KM. Recent advancements in the multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles integrated with a pyrano[2,3- d]pyrimidine core. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11808-11842. [PMID: 35481073 PMCID: PMC9016802 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00927g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds incorporated with a pyranopyrimidine skeleton have received substantial consideration owing to their privileged, and intelligible biodiversity. Accordingly, this review highlights the multicomponent synthetic routes adopted to prepare heterocyclic compounds incorporated with the pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton in the preceding two years. The different sections comprise the synthesis of bicyclic, tricyclic, polycyclic, and spirocyclic systems along with the estimation of the probable mechanistic routes for the reaction pathways. Commonly, the pyran ring closure was the major idea of most studies, and the mechanistic pathways of these reactions involved Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, and intramolecular cyclocondensation. Besides, the significant biological potency of the compounds recently synthesized from multicomponent reactions is deliberated. The present review highlighted the recent developments of the multicomponent synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton applying the diverse strategies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Y. El-Khateeb
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Sahar E. Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, 22052, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Ziarani GM, Khademi M, Mohajer F, Yadav S, Tomar R. Recent Advances in the Application of Barbituric Acid Derivatives in Multicomponent Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666211229150318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Barbituric acid is a pyrimidine heterocyclic organic compound, which is pharmacologically active. It is important to build structures containing various medicinal activities. This compound attracts the scientific research community in organic synthesis. It can be used in the synthesis of polyheterocyclic, natural, medicinal compounds, and organic sensors. Herein, the utilization of barbituric or thiobarbituric acid in multicomponent reactions is reported from 2016-2021 in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdieh Khademi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran Iran
| | - Sangeete Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, India
| | - Ravi Tomar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, India
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