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Lin Y, Huang Y, Zhou S, Li X, Tao Y, Pan Y, Feng X, Guo H, Chen P, Chu Q. A newly-discovered tea population variety processed Bai Mu Dan white tea: Flavor characteristics and chemical basis. Food Chem 2024; 446:138851. [PMID: 38428080 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The quality of white tea (WT) is impacted by selected tea cultivars. To explore the organoleptic quality of a recently-discovered WT ("Caicha", CC), HS-SPME/GC-MS and UPLC were employed to identify volatile and non-volatile compounds in tea samples. Multiple statistical methods demonstrated the distinctions between CC and four mainstream WT varieties from main producing areas. CC exhibited abundant volatile alcohol, terpenoids, ketone, aldehyde and ester, as well as non-volatile lignans and coumarins, phenolic acids and low-molecular carbohydrates. These substances combinedly contributed to the flavor attributes of CC, characterized by an intense herbal/citrus-like cleanness and flower/fruit-like sweetness, scarce in existing commercial WT varieties. Sensory evaluation corroborated these findings. In conclusion, we have processed a new tea variety (CC) with WT manufacturing technology, and discovered the unique cleanness and sweetness of it. This study enriches the raw material database for WT production and blending, and boosts the development of more premium WT varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Lin
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Yibiao Huang
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yike Tao
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yani Pan
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haowei Guo
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qiang Chu
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Johan AN, Li Y. Development of Photoremovable Linkers as a Novel Strategy to Improve the Pharmacokinetics of Drug Conjugates and Their Potential Application in Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:655. [PMID: 35745573 PMCID: PMC9230074 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there have been extensive research and progress on the discovery of anticancer drug over the years, the application of these drugs as stand-alone therapy has been limited by their off-target toxicities, poor pharmacokinetic properties, and low therapeutic index. Targeted drug delivery, especially drug conjugate, has been recognized as a technology that can bring forth a new generation of therapeutics with improved efficacy and reduced side effects for cancer treatment. The linker in a drug conjugate is of essential importance because it impacts the circulation time of the conjugate and the release of the drug for full activity at the target site. Recently, the light-triggered linker has attracted a lot of attention due to its spatiotemporal controllability and attractive prospects of improving the overall pharmacokinetics of the conjugate. In this paper, the latest developments of UV- and IR-triggered linkers and their application and potential in drug conjugate development are reviewed. Some of the most-well-researched photoresponsive structural moieties, such as UV-triggered coumarin, ortho-nitrobenzyl group (ONB), thioacetal ortho-nitrobenzaldehyde (TNB), photocaged C40-oxidized abasic site (PC4AP), and IR-triggered cyanine and BODIPY, are included for discussion. These photoremovable linkers show better physical and chemical stabilities and can undergo rapid cleavage upon irradiation. Very importantly, the drug conjugates containing these linkers exhibit reduced off-target toxicity and overall better pharmacokinetic properties. The progress on photoactive antibody-drug conjugates, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and antibody-photoabsorber conjugate (APC), as precision medicine in clinical cancer treatment is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Li
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Arigò A, Russo M, Testa Camillo MR, Dugo P, Mondello L, Zoccali M. Supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of oxygen heterocyclic compounds in Citrus essential oils. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4821-4836. [PMID: 35536412 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen heterocyclic compounds are secondary metabolites mainly present in the non-volatile fraction of cold-pressed Citrus essential oils. Under this denomination are included coumarins, furocoumarins, and polymethoxyflavones. These compounds possess numerous beneficial properties for human health, but the ingestion of large amounts of coumarins is often related to toxic effects, whereas the phototoxicity caused by furocoumarins and UVA exposure has been well known for a long time. This research has been aimed at the validation of an analytical approach, based on supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, for the analysis of OHCs in Citrus essential oils. Among eight columns tested, packed with different stationary phases, the pentafluorophenyl allowed the best baseline separation in 8 min and by using less than 10% of methanol. Calibration curves of twenty-eight standards (coumarins, furocoumarins, polymethoxyflavones) were constructed on spiked lemon distilled essential oil and the method was validated according to the EURACHEM guidelines, by calculating linearity, limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantification (LoQ), accuracy, intra-day, and inter-day precision. Specifically, recoveries were in the 80.0-118.6% range, regression coefficients were between 0.9904 and 0.9998, the LoDs were in the 0.0004-0.0470 mg kg-1 range, the LoQs were in the 0.0014-0.1536 mg kg-1 range, and coefficients of variation were between 0.3 and 2.6% (intra-day) and 1.1 and 7.4% (inter-day). The quantitative profiles of thirteen cold-pressed Citrus essential oils were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arigò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Testa Camillo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont S.R.L., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont S.R.L., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariosimone Zoccali
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Prospects of Using Pharmacologically Active Compounds for the Creation of Antimycobacterial Drugs. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ranasinghe M, Karunaratne H, Quirino JP. Sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography versus reversed phase liquid chromatography for the determination of coumarin in curry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1657:462586. [PMID: 34689906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin is a phytotoxin found in the popular spice cinnamon, which is used to flavor many Asian curry dishes. In this work, we developed and compared the analytical performance of reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) and sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) methods for the determination of coumarin in complex curry (gravy) samples. Using a matrix matched sample (curry after solvent extraction with methanol and diluted with 100 mM phosphoric acid), the intra-day and inter-day repeatability of retention/migration time and (corrected) peak area for both methods were acceptable (%RSD (n=6) ≤ 5%). The linear range and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were an order of magnitude better in RP-LC (RP-LC linear range = 0.11-108 mg/kg, LOQ = 0.11 mg/kg) (Sweeping-MEKC linear range = 2.16-216 mg/kg, LOQ = 2.16 mg/kg). However, the limit of detection (S/N=3) and LOQ in sweeping-MEKC was 0.65 mg/kg and 2.16 mg/kg, which were sufficient to report the levels of coumarin ≥ the European limit of 2 mg/kg in foods. During the analysis of 25 curry samples, relatively similar results for sweeping-MEKC and RP-LC were obtained for 6 samples that contained coumarin >LOQ of sweeping-MEKC. Interferences in RP-LC lead to significant overestimation of coumarin levels in 3 samples. Coumarin levels above the EU limit was found in 6 curry samples using the more selective sweeping-MEKC. This work should also raise public awareness on the presence of potentially high levels of coumarin in some foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhandiramge Ranasinghe
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Hiranya Karunaratne
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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Carneiro A, Matos MJ, Uriarte E, Santana L. Trending Topics on Coumarin and Its Derivatives in 2020. Molecules 2021; 26:501. [PMID: 33477785 PMCID: PMC7832358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are naturally occurring molecules with a versatile range of activities. Their structural and physicochemical characteristics make them a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Many research articles and reviews compile information on this important family of compounds. In this overview, the most recent research papers and reviews from 2020 are organized and analyzed, and a discussion on these data is included. Multiple electronic databases were scanned, including SciFinder, Mendeley, and PubMed, the latter being the main source of information. Particular attention was paid to the potential of coumarins as an important scaffold in drug design, as well as fluorescent probes for decaging of prodrugs, metal detection, and diagnostic purposes. Herein we do an analysis of the trending topics related to coumarin and its derivatives in the broad field of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Carneiro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.J.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Maria João Matos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.J.M.); (E.U.)
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.J.M.); (E.U.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 7500912 Santiago, Chile
| | - Lourdes Santana
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.J.M.); (E.U.)
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