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Lab-in-syringe automated protein precipitation and salting-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction coupled online to UHPLC-MS/MS for the determination of beta-blockers in serum. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1251:340966. [PMID: 36925276 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A sample preparation method involving tandem implementation of protein precipitation and salting-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction was developed for the determination of beta-blockers in serum. The entire procedure was automated using a computer-controlled syringe pump following the Lab-In-Syringe approach. It is based on the denaturation of serum proteins with acetonitrile followed by salt-induced phase separation upon which the proteins accumulate as a compact layer at the interphase of the solutions. The extract is then separated and diluted in-syringe before being submitted to online coupled UHPLC-MS/MS. A 1 mL glass syringe containing a small stir bar for solution mixing at up to 3000 rpm, was used to deal with sample volumes as small as 100 μL. A sample throughput of 7 h-1 was achieved by performing the chromatographic run and sample preparation procedure in parallel. Linear working ranges were obtained for all analytes between 5 and 100 ng mL-1, with LOD values ranging from 0.4 to 1.5 ng mL-1. Accuracy values in the range of 88.2-106% and high precision of <11% RSD suggest applicability for routine analysis that can be further improved using deuterated standards.
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Selcuk O, Unal DN, Kanbes Dindar Ç, Süslü İ, Uslu B. Electrochemical determination of phosphodiesterase-3 enzyme inhibitor drug Milrinone with nanodiamond modified paste electrode. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Wang H, Zhao X, Xu J, Wang P, Chen X, Liao X, Zhan C. Analysis of β-blockers and β2-agonists in environmental and biological samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2321-2333. [PMID: 35460327 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
β-Blockers and β2-agonists are commonly prescribed for therapeutic treatments and are also administered to livestock, leading to their presence in both environmental and biological samples. Hence, the development of sensitive, rapid, and reliable analytical methods for the determination of β-blockers and β2-agonists in environmental and biological samples is important. In this study, MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 &GO-coated SiO2 /Fe3 O4 magnetic particles were prepared as sorbents for magnetic solid-phase extraction and then combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of 20 β-blockers and eight β2-agonists. The experimental parameters of magnetic solid-phase extraction were studied in detail, and the optimal conditions were established. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.002-0.007 μg/L with enrichment factors of 20.2-24.9. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of 20 β-blockers and eight β2-agonists in river water, human urine, and freeze-dried pork liver powder. Bisoprolol and salbutamol were detected at concentrations of 2.78 mg/L in human urine and 11.5 μg/kg in freeze-dried pork liver powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Technology Center of Wuhan, Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- Technology Center of Wuhan, Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Technology Center of Wuhan, Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Technology Center of Wuhan, Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Technology Center of Wuhan, Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- Technology Center of Wuhan, Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chenyong Zhan
- Technology Center of Wuhan, Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Sarvestani MRJ, Madrakian T, Afkhami A. Developed electrochemical sensors for the determination of beta-blockers: A comprehensive review. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wu C, Ning X, Chen X, Ma J, Zhao Q, Zhao L, Zhu G, Shi S. Multi-functional porous organic polymers for highly-efficient solid-phase extraction of β-agonists and β-blockers in milk. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28925-28933. [PMID: 35478535 PMCID: PMC9038154 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, accurate, and highly sensitive analytical method was developed in this study for the determination of ten β-agonists and five β-blockers in milk. In this method, new adsorbent phosphonic acid-functionalized porous organic polymers were synthesized through a direct knitting method. The synthesis procedure of the materials and the extraction conditions (such as the composition of loading buffer and eluent) were optimized. Benefitting from the high surface area (545–804 m2 g−1), multiple functional framework and good porosity, the phosphonic acid-functionalized porous organic polymers showed a high adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity for β-agonists (224 mg g−1 and 171 mg g−1 for clenbuterol and ractopamine, respectively). The analytes were quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. It showed a good linearity (with R2 ranging from 0.9950 to 0.9991 in the linear range of 3–5 orders of magnitude), with low limits of quantification ranging from 0.05 to 0.25 ng g−1. The limits of detection of the method for the analytes were measured to be in the range of 0.02 to 0.1 ng g−1. The recoveries of target analytes from real samples on the material were in the range of 62.4–119.4% with relative standard deviations of 0.6–12.1% (n = 4). Moreover, good reproducibility of the method was obtained with the interday RSD being lower than 11.7% (n = 5) and intraday RSD lower than 12.2% (n = 4). The proposed method was accurate, reliable and convenient for the simultaneous analysis of multiple β-agonists and β-blockers. Finally, the method was successfully applied for the analysis of such compounds in milk samples. Novel phosphonic acid-functionalized porous organic polymers were synthesized through direct knitting method. It shows high adsorption efficiency and high adsorption capacity for multiple β-agonists and β-blockers analysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Wu
- Liaoning Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Dalian 116000 China .,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Technology Centre of Dalian Customs District Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Xingshuang Ning
- Technology Centre of Dalian Customs District Dalian 116600 China
| | - Xi Chen
- Technology Centre of Dalian Customs District Dalian 116600 China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Technology Centre of Dalian Customs District Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Qun Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Li Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Guozhi Zhu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Song Shi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
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Selcuk O, Demir Y, Erkmen C, Yıldırım S, Uslu B. Analytical Methods for Determination of Antiviral Drugs in Different Matrices: Recent Advances and Trends. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1662-1693. [PMID: 33983841 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1908111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are the main pathogenic substances that cause severe diseases in humans and other living things. They are among the most common microorganisms, and consequently, antiviral drugs have emerged to prevent and treat viral infections. Antiviral drugs are an essential drug group considering their prescription and consumption rates for different diseases and indications. Therefore, it is crucial to develop accurate and precise analytical methods to detect antiviral drugs in various matrices. Chromatographic techniques are used frequently for the quantification purpose since they allow simultaneous determination of antivirals. Electrochemical methods have also gained importance since the analysis can be performed quickly without the need for pretreatment. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods are used because they are simple, inexpensive, and less time-consuming methods. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the analysis of currently used antiviral drugs from 2010 to 2021. Since studies on antiviral drugs are numerous, selected publications were reviewed in this article. The analysis of antiviral drugs was divided into three main groups: chromatographic, spectrometric, and electrochemical methods which were applied to different matrices, including pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Selcuk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Erkmen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Yıldırım
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Mazaraki K, Kabir A, Furton KG, Fytianos K, Samanidou VF, Zacharis CK. Fast fabric phase sorptive extraction of selected β-blockers from human serum and urine followed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 199:114053. [PMID: 33819696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A fast fabric phase sorptive extraction method is presented herein for the rapid isolation of selected beta-blocker drugs from human serum and urine. Among many high efficiency sol-gel sorbent coated FPSE membranes, sol-gel CW20 M coated FPSE membrane was identified as the best FPSE membrane for the target beta-blocker drugs possessing logP values ranging from 0.1 (highly polar) to 3.1 (moderately polar). Due to the engineered affinity towards the analytes via complementary intermolecular interactions and high mass transfer rate of the analytes from the bulk sample solution to the FPSE membrane, the extraction is accomplished in relatively short time (15 min) while its high permeability permits the direct extraction of biological samples without any other pretreatment. The advantages of the fabricated extraction membrane were exploited for the determination of six beta-blockers (namely atenolol, nadolol, metoprolol, oxprenolol, labetalol and propranolol) in biological matrices in combination with UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Important parameters including extraction time, sample volume, sorbent size, elution solvent, etc. affecting the performance of the extraction were systematically investigated. The linearity of the method was evaluated in the range of 50-5000 ng mL-1 by constructing weighted (1/X) matrix-matched calibration curves. The intra-day and inter-day trueness were ranged between - 17.2 to 13.3% and - 10.8 to 12.6%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 11.5 and 14.5 %, respectively. The proposed analytical scheme was successfully applied to the determination of the target drugs in human serum and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Mazaraki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Konstantinos Fytianos
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Victoria F Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
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Yıldırım S, Sellitepe HE. Vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction based on in situ formation of a natural deep eutectic solvent by microwave irradiation for the determination of beta-blockers in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1642:462007. [PMID: 33735640 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple, green, and reliable method combining vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction based on in situ formation of a novel hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES-VA-LLME) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of metoprolol and propranolol in water samples. The novel NADES was synthesized in situ within only 20 s by subjecting the water sample containing azelaic acid and thymol to microwave irradiation at 50 ˚C. Initial studies indicated that a 17:1 ratio of thymol to azelaic acid yielded the highest response for analytes. The influence of 7 parameters, including NADES volume, salt amount, sample pH, vortex time, centrifugation time, microwave time, and temperature, were screened using a 27-3 fractional factorial design. The obtained significant parameters were optimized by response surface methodology employing a Box-Behnken design. The method displayed satisfactory linearity (r=0.9996) for metoprolol and propranolol with limits of detection of 0.2 and 0.1 µg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation at 2.5, 40, and 80 µg/L levels was lower than 6%, with accuracy in the range of 90.8-100.2%. Enrichment factors were 147.0 and 144.4 for metoprolol and propranolol, respectively. This study demonstrates that the developed in situ NADES-VA-LLME-HPLC technique can be considered as a fast and environmentally friendly alternative for isolation/preconcentration of β-blockers from water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Yıldırım
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Erdinç Sellitepe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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9
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Uslu B. Meet Our Executive Guest Editor. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/138620732310201127093327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Uslu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Ankara University Ankara, Turkey
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Advantages and Pitfalls of Capillary Electrophoresis of Pharmaceutical Compounds and Their Enantiomers in Complex Samples: Comparison of Hydrodynamically Opened and Closed Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186852. [PMID: 32961980 PMCID: PMC7555747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several research disciplines require fast, reliable and highly automated determination of pharmaceutically active compounds and their enantiomers in complex biological matrices. To address some of the challenges of Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), such as low concentration sensitivity and performance degradation linked to the adsorption and interference of matrix components, CE in a hydrodynamically closed system was evaluated using the model compounds Pindolol and Propranolol. Some established validation parameters such as repeatability of injection efficiency, resolution and sensitivity were used to assess its performance, and it was found to be broadly identical to that of hydrodynamically opened systems. While some reduction in separation efficiency was observed, this was mainly due to dispersion caused by injection and it had no impact on the ability to resolve enantiomers of model compounds even when spiked into complex biological matrix such as blood serum. An approximately 18- to 23-fold increase in concentration sensitivity due to the employment of wide bore capillaries was observed. This brings the sensitivity of CE to a level similar to that of liquid chromatography techniques. In addition to this benefit and unlike in hydrodynamically opened systems, suppression of electroosmotic flow, which is essential for hydrodynamically closed systems practically eliminates the matrix effects that are linked to protein adsorption.
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