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Baruah A, Newar R, Das S, Kalita N, Nath M, Ghosh P, Chinnam S, Sarma H, Narayan M. Biomedical applications of graphene-based nanomaterials: recent progress, challenges, and prospects in highly sensitive biosensors. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:103. [PMID: 38884869 PMCID: PMC11183028 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, graphene-based nanocomposites, etc.) are emerging as an extremely important class of nanomaterials primarily because of their unique and advantageous physical, chemical, biological, and optoelectronic aspects. These features have resulted in uses across diverse areas of scientific research. Among all other applications, they are found to be particularly useful in designing highly sensitive biosensors. Numerous studies have established their efficacy in sensing pathogens and other biomolecules allowing for the rapid diagnosis of various diseases. Considering the growing importance and popularity of graphene-based materials for biosensing applications, this review aims to provide the readers with a summary of the recent progress in the concerned domain and highlights the challenges associated with the synthesis and application of these multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Rachita Newar
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Nitul Kalita
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Masood Nath
- University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - Priya Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology (Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Hemen Sarma
- Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, 783370, India.
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, UTEP, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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Guo H, Fu Y, Chen S, Wei Y, Xie L, Chen M. Electrochemical cytosensor utilizing tetrahedral DNA/bimetallic AuPd holothurian-shaped nanoparticles for ultrasensitive non-destructive detection of circulating tumor cells. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:298. [PMID: 38709403 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
As a real-time fluid biopsy method, the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provides important information for the early diagnosis, precise treatment, and prognosis of cancer. However, the low density of CTCs in the peripheral blood hampers their capture and detection with high sensitivity and selectivity using currently available methods. Hence, we designed a sandwich-type electrochemical aptasensor that utilizes holothurian-shaped AuPd nanoparticles (AuPd HSs), tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs), and CuPdPt nanowire networks (NWs) interwoven with a graphdiyne (GDY) sheet for ultrasensitive non-destructive detection of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. CuPdPt NW-GDY effectively enhanced the electron transfer rate and coupled with the loaded TDNs. The TDNs could capture MCF-7 cells with precision and firmness, and the resulting composite complex was combined with AuPd HSs to form a sandwich-type structure. This novel aptasensor showed a linear range between 10 and 106 cells mL-1 and an ultralow detection limit of 7 cells mL-1. The specificity, stability, and repeatability of the measurements were successfully verified. Moreover, we used benzonase nuclease to achieve non-destructive recovery of cells for further clinical studies. According to the results, our aptasensor was more sensitive measuring the number of CTCs than other approaches because of the employment of TDNs, CuPdPt NW-GDY, and AuPd HSs. We designed a reliable sensor system for the detection of CTCs in the peripheral blood, which could serve as a new approach for cancer diagnosis at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Fu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxin Wei
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Linzhi Xie
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China.
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Hooshiar MH, Moghaddam MA, Kiarashi M, Al-Hijazi AY, Hussein AF, A Alrikabi H, Salari S, Esmaelian S, Mesgari H, Yasamineh S. Recent advances in nanomaterial-based biosensor for periodontitis detection. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:28. [PMID: 38637787 PMCID: PMC11027550 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition caused by bacteria, often causes gradual destruction of the components that support teeth, such as the alveolar bone, cementum, periodontal ligament, and gingiva. This ultimately results in teeth becoming loose and eventually falling out. Timely identification has a crucial role in preventing and controlling its progression. Clinical measures are used to diagnose periodontitis. However, now, there is a hunt for alternative diagnostic and monitoring methods due to the progress of technology. Various biomarkers have been assessed using multiple bodily fluids as sample sources. Furthermore, conventional periodontal categorization factors do not provide significant insights into the present disease activity, severity and amount of tissue damage, future development, and responsiveness to treatment. In recent times, there has been a growing utilization of nanoparticle (NP)-based detection strategies to create quick and efficient detection assays. Every single one of these platforms leverages the distinct characteristics of NPs to identify periodontitis. Plasmonic NPs include metal NPs, quantum dots (QDs), carbon base NPs, and nanozymes, exceptionally potent light absorbers and scatterers. These find application in labeling, surface-enhanced spectroscopy, and color-changing sensors. Fluorescent NPs function as photostable and sensitive instruments capable of labeling various biological targets. This article presents a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the effective utilization of various NPs to detect periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Amiri Moghaddam
- Assistant Professor of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kiarashi
- College of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | | | - Hareth A Alrikabi
- Collage of Dentist, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
| | - Sara Salari
- Doctor of Dental Surgery, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Samar Esmaelian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Mesgari
- Department, Faculty of Dentistry Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Peptide-anchored biomimetic interface for electrochemical detection of cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1305-1311. [PMID: 36370201 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising class of biomarkers that can advance the diagnosis of many kinds of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we develop a new electrochemical method for the feasible detection of cardiomyocyte-derived EVs in biological fluids. The core design of the method is the fabrication of a peptide-anchored biomimetic interface consisting of a lipid bilayer and peptide probes. On the one hand, the lipid bilayer provides excellent antifouling ability to the electrode interface and facilitates the anchoring of peptide probes. On the other hand, the peptide probes equip the electrode interface with excellent binding capability and affinity to CD172a, a specific marker of cardiomyocyte-derived EVs, thus enabling the efficient and selective detection of target EVs. Taking EVs derived from the heart myoblast cells H9C2 as the model target, the method displays a wide linear detection range from 1 × 103 to 1 × 108 particles/mL with a desirable detection limit of 132 particles/mL. Furthermore, the method shows good performance in biological fluids such as serum, and thus may have great potential for practical use in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Chen H, Fan J, Chen X, Ma Z, Zhang L, Chen X. Gold Nanoparticle (Au NP)-Decorated Ionic Liquid (IL) Based Liposome: A Stable, Biocompatible, and Conductive Biomimetic Platform for the Fabrication of an Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2153256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jialin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenkuan Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Damavandi AR, Mirmosayyeb O, Ebrahimi N, Zalpoor H, khalilian P, Yahiazadeh S, Eskandari N, Rahdar A, Kumar PS, Pandey S. Advances in nanotechnology versus stem cell therapy for the theranostics of multiple sclerosis disease. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mujica ML, Tamborelli A, Castellaro A, Barcudi D, Rubianes MD, Rodríguez MC, Saka HA, Bocco JL, Dalmasso PR, Rivas GA. Impedimetric and amperometric genosensors for the highly sensitive quantification of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid using an avidin-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes biocapture platform. BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS: X 2022; 12:100222. [PMID: 36118917 PMCID: PMC9472467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2022.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
We report two novel genosensors for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid using glassy carbon electrodes modified with a biocapture nanoplatform made of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) non-covalently functionalized with avidin (Av) as a support of the biotinylated-DNA probes. One of the genosensors was based on impedimetric transduction offering a non-labelled and non-amplified detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid through the increment of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- charge transfer resistance. This biosensor presented an excellent analytical performance, with a linear range of 1.0 × 10-18 M - 1.0 × 10-11 M, a sensitivity of (5.8 ± 0.6) x 102 Ω M-1 (r2 = 0.994), detection and quantification limits of 0.33 aM and 1.0 aM, respectively; and reproducibilities of 5.4% for 1.0 × 10-15 M target using the same MWCNTs-Av-bDNAp nanoplatform, and 6.9% for 1.0 × 10-15 M target using 3 different nanoplatforms. The other genosensor was based on a sandwich hybridization scheme and amperometric transduction using the streptavidin(Strep)-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase (bHRP)/hydrogen peroxide/hydroquinone (HQ) system. This genosensor allowed an extremely sensitive quantification of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, with a linear range of 1.0 × 10-20 M - 1.0 × 10-17 M, detection limit at zM level, and a reproducibility of 11% for genosensors prepared with the same MWCNTs-Av-bDNAp1 nanoplatform. As a proof-of-concept, and considering the extremely high sensitivity, the genosensor was challenged with highly diluted samples obtained from SARS-CoV-2 RNA PCR amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael López Mujica
- INFIQC, CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Tamborelli
- INFIQC, CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- CIQA, CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad Regional Córdoba, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Maestro López esq. Cruz Roja Argentina, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Castellaro
- CIBICI, CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Danilo Barcudi
- CIBICI, CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María D Rubianes
- INFIQC, CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcela C Rodríguez
- INFIQC, CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Héctor A Saka
- CIBICI, CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José L Bocco
- CIBICI, CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo R Dalmasso
- CIQA, CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad Regional Córdoba, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Maestro López esq. Cruz Roja Argentina, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Rivas
- INFIQC, CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
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Li Y, Song Z, Chen M, Xu Z, Zhao S, Xu Y, Luo X. Designed multifunctional peptides with two recognizing branches specific for one target to achieve highly sensitive and low fouling electrochemical protein assay in human serum. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1208:339841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Chen XF, Zhao X, Yang Z. Aptasensors for the detection of infectious pathogens: design strategies and point-of-care testing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:443. [PMID: 36350388 PMCID: PMC9643942 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic of infectious diseases caused by contagious pathogens is a life-threatening hazard to the entire human population worldwide. A timely and accurate diagnosis is the critical link in the fight against infectious diseases. Aptamer-based biosensors, the so-called aptasensors, employ nucleic acid aptamers as bio-receptors for the recognition of target pathogens of interest. This review focuses on the design strategies as well as state-of-the-art technologies of aptasensor-based diagnostics for infectious pathogens (mainly bacteria and viruses), covering the utilization of three major signal transducers, the employment of aptamers as recognition moieties, the construction of versatile biosensing platforms (mostly micro and nanomaterial-based), innovated reporting mechanisms, and signal enhancement approaches. Advanced point-of-care testing (POCT) for infectious disease diagnostics are also discussed highlighting some representative ready-to-use devices to address the urgent needs of currently prevalent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pressing issues in aptamer-based technology and some future perspectives of aptasensors are provided for the implementation of aptasensor-based diagnostics into practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, 510005, People's Republic of China.
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El-Shobaky A, Elshafey R, Radi AE. Spectroscopic and electrochemical approaches for the analysis of interaction between textile dye 231 and salmon sperm DNA. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA is one of the most critical targets for many artificial agents listed as carcinogens. Most of them irreversibly bind to the DNA and induce genome mutation; therefore, it is vital to study the nature of binding of these molecules to anticipate their toxicity. The interaction between the textile dye reactive red 231 and salmon sperm double-stranded DNA (ss-dsDNA) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis spectroscopy). Changes in the anodic current signals of the dye were observed in the presence and absence of ss-dsDNA at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using CV. The diffusion coefficient (D) was found to be 2.2 × 10–7 and 9.5 × 10–8 cm2 s−1 from the CV data for the free dye and dye-DNA complex, respectively. Electrochemical and UV–vis spectroscopy indicated 1:1 complex formation of the dye with DNA. The binding constant (kb) between the dye and DNA was calculated to be 5.4 × 105 M–1 and 4.9 × 105 M–1 at pH 4.0 using CV and UV–vis spectroscopy, respectively. Overall, these results suggest that the dye binds to DNA through the combined effect of intercalation and electrostatic interactions. DNA damage was also detected through changes in the voltammetric behaviour of the dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira El-Shobaky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Reda Elshafey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Abd-Elgawad Radi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
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You X, Zhang G, Chen Y, Liu D, Ma D, Zhou J, Liu Y, Liu H, Qi Y, Liang C, Ding P, Zhu X, Zhang C, Wang A. A novel electrochemical immunosensor for the sensitive detection of tiamulin based on staphylococcal protein A and silver nanoparticle-graphene oxide nanocomposites. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107877. [PMID: 34171508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tiamulin (TML) is a pleuromutilin antibiotic and mainly used to treat pulmonary and gastrointestinal infections. However, excessive use of TML can bring health threats to consumers. In this work, a label-free electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for sensitive detection of TML in pork and pork liver. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ on graphene oxide (GO), in which GO acted as a carrier for loading more AgNPs and AgNPs exhibited both strong conductivity and good redox property. In addition, staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was applied to oriented immobilization of fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of the TML monoclonal antibody. Under the optimal condition, the developed electrochemical immunosensor exhibited a good linear response with a concentration of TML ranging from 0.05 ng mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.04 ng mL-1. Furthermore, the designed immunosensor was applied to detect TML in real samples with a good accuracy. Therefore, the label-free electrochemical immunosensor could be used as a potential method to detect TML and other antibiotic residues in animal derived foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan You
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Zhongze Biological Engineering Co. LTD, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Zhongze Biological Engineering Co. LTD, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Zhongze Biological Engineering Co. LTD, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiyang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Zhongze Biological Engineering Co. LTD, Zhengzhou, China.
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