1
|
Zhang P, Li S, Wang W, Sun J, Chen Z, Wang J, Ma Q. Enhanced photodynamic inactivation against Escherichia coli O157:H7 provided by chitosan/curcumin coating and its application in food contact surfaces. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122160. [PMID: 38710575 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Sterilisation technologies are essential to eliminate foodborne pathogens from food contact surfaces. However, most of the current sterilisation methods involve high energy and chemical consumption. In this study, a photodynamic inactivation coating featuring excellent antibacterial activity was prepared by dispersing curcumin as a plant-based photosensitiser in a chitosan solution. The coating generated abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) after light irradiation at 420 nm, which eradicated ≥99.999 % of Escherichia coli O157:H7. It was also found that ROS damaged the cell membrane, leading to the leakage of cell contents and cell shrinkage on the basis of chitosan. In addition, the production of ROS first excited the bacterial antioxidant defence system resulting in the increase of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). ROS levels exceed its capacity, causing damage to the defence system and further oxidative decomposition of large molecules, such as DNA and proteins, eventually leading to the death of E. coli O157:H7. We also found the curcumin/chitosan coating could effectively remove E. coli O157:H7 biofilms by oxidative of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins. All the contributors made the chitosan/curcumin coating an efficient detergent comparable with HClO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengmin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Zhizhou Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Qianyun Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan K, Liu K, Chang J, Jing Z, Li J, Yu Y, Zhang S. Inhibition Mechanism of Water-Soluble Chitosan-Curdlan Composite Coating on the Postharvest Pathogens of Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas syringae in Cherry Tomatoes. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1149. [PMID: 38930531 PMCID: PMC11206094 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cherry tomatoes, a very popular fruit, are highly susceptible to microbial infestation, which cause significant economic losses. In order to preserve cherry tomatoes better, we treat them with a Chitosan (CTS) and Curdlan (CUR) composite coating. The lowest inhibitory concentration of CTS/CUR composite coating on Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas syringae, the growth curves, and the changes of the cell lysis rate were determined to explore the inhibitory mechanism of CTS/CUR composite coating on Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas syringae and the microscopic morphology of Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas syringae was observed using scanning electron microscopy at the same time. The results showed that the CTS/CUR composite coating could effectively inhibit the growth of Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas, and the inhibitory effect reflected the concentration-dependent characteristics. The electron microscopy results indicated that the inhibition of Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas syringae by the CTS/CUR composite coating might originate from its disruptive effect on the cell wall and cell membrane of the bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Youwei Yu
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (K.Y.); (K.L.); (Z.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Shaoying Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (K.Y.); (K.L.); (Z.J.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rao S, Jia C, Lu X, Yu Y, Wang Z, Yang Z. Acid-Heat-Induced Fabrication of Nisin-Loaded Egg White Protein Nanoparticles: Enhanced Structural and Antibacterial Stability. Foods 2024; 13:1741. [PMID: 38890971 PMCID: PMC11172011 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As a natural cationic peptide, Nisin is capable of widely inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. However, it also has drawbacks such as its antimicrobial activity being susceptible to environmental factors. Nano-encapsulation can improve the defects of nisin in food applications. In this study, nisin-loaded egg white protein nanoparticles (AH-NEn) were prepared in fixed ultrasound-mediated under pH 3.0 and 90 °C. Compared with the controls, AH-NEn exhibited smaller particle size (112.5 ± 2.85 nm), smaller PDI (0.25 ± 0.01), larger Zeta potential (24 ± 1.18 mV), and higher encapsulation efficiency (91.82%) and loading capacity (45.91%). The turbidity and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that there are other non-covalent bonding interactions between the molecules of AH-NEn besides the electrostatic forces, which accounts for the fact that it is structurally more stable than the controls. In addition, by the results of fluorescence intensity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was shown that thermal induction could improve the solubility, heat resistance, and encapsulation of nisin in the samples. In terms of antimicrobial function, acid-heat induction did not recede the antimicrobial activity of nisin encapsulated in egg white protein (EWP). Compared with free nisin, the loss rate of bactericidal activity of AH-NEn was reduced by 75.0% and 14.0% following treatment with trypsin or a thermal treatment at 90 °C for 30 min, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi Rao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Caochen Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiangning Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yisheng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhirong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patel J, Kumar GS, Roy H, Maddiboyina B, Leporatti S, Bohara RA. From nature to nanomedicine: bioengineered metallic nanoparticles bridge the gap for medical applications. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:85. [PMID: 38724833 PMCID: PMC11082127 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The escalating global challenge of antimicrobial resistance demands innovative approaches. This review delves into the current status and future prospects of bioengineered metallic nanoparticles derived from natural sources as potent antimicrobial agents. The unique attributes of metallic nanoparticles and the abundance of natural resources have sparked a burgeoning field of research in combating microbial infections. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, encompassing a wide range of studies investigating the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial mechanisms of bioengineered metallic nanoparticles. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Springer, Taylor & Francis online and OpenAthen were extensively searched to compile a comprehensive overview of the topic. The synthesis methods, including green and sustainable approaches, were examined, as were the diverse biological sources used in nanoparticle fabrication. The amalgamation of metallic nanoparticles and natural products has yielded promising antimicrobial agents. Their multifaceted mechanisms, including membrane disruption, oxidative stress induction, and enzyme inhibition, render them effective against various pathogens, including drug-resistant strains. Moreover, the potential for targeted drug delivery systems using these nanoparticles has opened new avenues for personalized medicine. Bioengineered metallic nanoparticles derived from natural sources represent a dynamic frontier in the battle against microbial infections. The current status of research underscores their remarkable antimicrobial efficacy and multifaceted mechanisms of action. Future prospects are bright, with opportunities for scalability and cost-effectiveness through sustainable synthesis methods. However, addressing toxicity, regulatory hurdles, and environmental considerations remains crucial. In conclusion, this review highlights the evolving landscape of bioengineered metallic nanoparticles, offering valuable insights into their current status and their potential to revolutionize antimicrobial therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Patel
- Gitam School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad Campus, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, TS, 502329, India
| | - G Shiva Kumar
- Gitam School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad Campus, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, TS, 502329, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522503, India.
| | - Balaji Maddiboyina
- Department of Medical and Scientific Communications, Scientific Writing Services, Freyr Global Regulatory Solutions & Services, Phoenix SEZ, Hitech City, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500081, India.
| | - Stefano Leporatti
- CNR Nanotec-Istituto Di Nanotecnologia, C\O Campus EcotekneVia Monteroni, 3100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Raghvendra A Bohara
- D.Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, MS, India.
- University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hong B, Wang W, Li Y, Ma Y, Wang J. Specific separation and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens by phage-derived bacterial-binding protein-nano magnetic beads coupled with smartphone-assisted paper sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 247:115911. [PMID: 38118305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogen infection poses a significant threat to public health and is considered as one of the most serious hazards in global food safety. Herein, a sensitive and efficient method for on-site monitoring of foodborne pathogens was developed by using a smartphone-assisted paper-sensor combined with phage-derived bacterial-binding proteins-nano magnetic beads (PBPs-MBs). PBPs including tail fiber protein (TFP:gp13), cell-wall binding domain (CBD) of endolysin and tailspike protein (TSP) coated on the surface of MBs were applied for rapid separation and enrichment of targeted bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium, respectively) from food samples in 20 min before detection on paper-based sensors. The paper-based sensor was loaded with the lytic agent (polymyxin B) to induce bacterial lysis and release specific endogenous enzymes. Subsequently, three distinct chromogenic substrates were hydrolyzed by their corresponding enzymes, resulting in characteristic color changes on the paper, respectively. In addition, a smartphone APP for red-green-blue (RGB) color analysis of paper was able to directly detect three foodborne pathogens. As a result, the limit of detection (LOD) values for three foodborne pathogens were found to be 2.44 × 102, 2.68 × 104 and 4.62 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively, which were much lower than other studies (106-108 CFU/mL) based on enzymes. Moreover, the feasibility of this approach was further assessed through the successful detection of targeted bacteria in real samples with satisfactory recovery rates. In conclusion, this smartphone-assisted biosensor offers promising application potential for point-of-care testing (POCT) of foodborne pathogens in resource-scarce areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hong
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenhai Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi Ma
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu L, Fan X, Lu Q, Wang P, Wang X, Han Y, Wang R, Zhang C, Han S, Tsuboi T, Dai H, Yeow J, Geng H. Antimicrobial research of carbohydrate polymer- and protein-based hydrogels as reservoirs for the generation of reactive oxygen species: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129251. [PMID: 38211908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in biological milieu. Recently, the rapid growth in our understanding of ROS and their promise in antibacterial applications has generated tremendous interest in the combination of ROS generators with bulk hydrogels. Hydrogels represent promising supporters for ROS generators and can locally confine the nanoscale distribution of ROS generators whilst also promoting cellular integration via biomaterial-cell interactions. This review highlights recent efforts and progress in developing hydrogels derived from biological macromolecules with embedded ROS generators with a focus on antimicrobial applications. Initially, an overview of passive and active antibacterial hydrogels is provided to show the significance of proper hydrogel selection and design. These are followed by an in-depth discussion of the various approaches for ROS generation in hydrogels. The structural engineering and fabrication of ROS-laden hydrogels are given with a focus on their biomedical applications in therapeutics and diagnosis. Additionally, we discuss how a compromise needs to be sought between ROS generation and removal for maximizing the efficacy of therapeutic treatment. Finally, the current challenges and potential routes toward commercialization in this rapidly evolving field are discussed, focusing on the potential translation of laboratory research outcomes to real-world clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, China; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China.
| | - Qianyun Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, China; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
| | - Pengxu Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China.
| | - Xingang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Yuxing Han
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China.
| | - Runming Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China.
| | - Canyang Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China.
| | - Sanyang Han
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China.
| | - Tatsuhisa Tsuboi
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China.
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Hongya Geng
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang W, Zhang Z, Liu K, Wang W, Peng W, Ma H, Wang Q, Shi X, Sun H, Duan X. Electrospun Fe 3O 4-chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous film for improved capture and elimination of foodborne pathogens. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126692. [PMID: 37673157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a new "capture and killing" antibacterial approach for efficient elimination of foodborne pathogens. Fe3O4-Chitosan (CS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous films with improved antibacterial and mechanical properties were fabricated by a simple, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective electrospinning technique. The relationship between the physical properties (viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity) and spinnability of CS/PVA as fiber forming matrix was explored. Electrospun Fe3O4-CS/PVA films (0.03-0.12 mm) with smooth and bead-free nanofibrous structures (145-169 nm) were successfully obtained. Compared with the film electrospun from neat CS/PVA, incorporating Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) (1.25-5 wt%) in CS/PVA nanofibrous film promoted bacterial attachment and increased the final inactivated efficiency, showing a difference with Fe3O4 loading and bacterial strain, which had the highest value against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphyloccus aureus (S. aureus) being 90 % and 66.30 %, respectively. The tensile strength and elongation at break of Fe3O4-CS/PVA films enhanced by 46-192 % and 92-141 %, respectively. Results of the cytotoxicity test indicated that the resulting films had high biocompatibility. These promising findings provide a novel strategy for effective foodborne pathogens elimination, which could apply to sterilizing and food packaging to extend the shelf life of liquid food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiao Yang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhihang Zhang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kuanbo Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenting Peng
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hang Ma
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xianai Shi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaoliang Duan
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu X, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Liu C. Synthesis of γ-Cyclodextrin-Reduced Fe(III) Nanoparticles with Peroxidase-like Catalytic Activity for Bacteriostasis of Food. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9995-10003. [PMID: 37857332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are a primary cause of human foodborne illness, making it imperative to explore novel antibacterial strategies for their control. In this study, Fe-γ-CD was successfully synthesized as a food antibacterial agent for use in milk and orange juice. The Fe-γ-CD consists of 6/11 Fe(II) and 5/11 Fe(III), which catalyze a Fenton-like catalytic reaction with H2O2 to generate •OH. Consequently, Fe-γ-CD exhibits exceptional peroxidase-like activity and broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy. Fe-γ-CD not only disrupts the wall structure of ESBL-E. coli but also induces protein leakage and genetic destruction, ultimately leading to its death. Furthermore, Fe-γ-CD inhibits biofilm formation by MRSA and eradicates mature biofilms, resulting in MRSA's demise. Importantly, Fe-γ-CD demonstrates negligible cytotoxicity toward normal mammalian cells, making it an ideal candidate for application as an antibacterial agent in foodstuffs. These findings highlight that Fe-γ-CD is an effective tool for combating the spread of foodborne pathogens and food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Chengzhen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu J, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Qin X, Tan S, Wang W, Lou L, Wu Z, Aihaiti A, Ma C, Liu YG. The Inhibition Effect and Mechanism of Nano Magnesium Peroxide Against Spoilage Fungi Emerging in Hami Melon. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-023-03052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
|
10
|
Recent advances on CRISPR/Cas system-enabled portable detection devices for on-site agri-food safety assay. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|