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Barakat R, Lin PCP, Bunnell M, Oh JE, Rattan S, Arnieri C, Flaws JA, Ko CJ. Prenatal exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and high-fat diet synergistically disrupts gonadal function in male mice†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:1025-1037. [PMID: 38381622 PMCID: PMC11094389 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) impairs the reproductive system and causes fertility defects in male offspring. Additionally, high-fat (HF) diet is a risk factor for reproductive disorders in males. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to a physiologically relevant dose of DEHP in conjunction with HF diet synergistically impacts reproductive function and fertility in male offspring. Female mice were fed a control or HF diet 7 days prior to mating and until their litters were weaned on postnatal day 21. Pregnant dams were exposed to DEHP or vehicle from gestational day 10.5 until birth. The male offspring's gross phenotype, sperm quality, serum hormonal levels, testicular histopathology, and testicular gene expression pattern were analyzed. Male mice born to dams exposed to DEHP + HF had smaller testes, epididymides, and shorter anogenital distance compared with those exposed to HF or DEHP alone. DEHP + HF mice had lower sperm concentration and motility compared with DEHP mice. Moreover, DEHP + HF mice had more apoptotic germ cells, fewer Leydig cells, and lower serum testosterone levels than DEHP mice. Furthermore, testicular mRNA expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a was two to eight-fold higher than in DEHP mice by qPCR, suggesting that maternal HF diet and prenatal DEHP exposure additively impact gonadal function by altering the degree of DNA methylation in the testis. These results suggest that the combined exposure to DEHP and high-fat synergistically impairs reproductive function in male offspring, greater than exposure to DEHP or HF diet alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Barakat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Po-Ching Patrick Lin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mary Bunnell
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Oh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Saniya Rattan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Cyrus Arnieri
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - CheMyong J Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Tian W, Qi H, Wang Z, Qiao S, Wang P, Dong J, Wang H. Hormone supply to the pituitary gland: A comprehensive investigation of female‑related tumors (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:122. [PMID: 35946461 PMCID: PMC9387558 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus acts on the pituitary gland after signal integration, thus regulating various physiological functions of the body. The pituitary gland includes the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis, which differ in structure and function. The hypothalamus-hypophysis axis controls the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones through the pituitary portal vein system. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, gonadotropin, growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL) are secreted by the adenohypophysis and regulate the functions of the body in physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of this review was to summarize the functions of female-associated hormones (GH, PRL, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone) in tumors. Their pathophysiology was described and the mechanisms underlying female hormone-related diseases were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Qi
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Zhimei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi‑Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, D‑66421 Homburg‑Saar, Germany
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Junhong Dong
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Sertorio MN, César H, de Souza EA, Mennitti LV, Santamarina AB, De Souza Mesquita LM, Jucá A, Casagrande BP, Estadella D, Aguiar O, Pisani LP. Parental High-Fat High-Sugar Diet Intake Programming Inflammatory and Oxidative Parameters of Reproductive Health in Male Offspring. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:867127. [PMID: 35832794 PMCID: PMC9271829 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.867127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental nutrition can impact the health of future generations, programming the offspring for the development of diseases. The developing germ cells of the offspring could be damaged by the maternal or the paternal environment. The germ cells in development and their function could be affected by nutritional adversity and therefore, harm the health of subsequent generations. The paternal or maternal intake of high-fat diets has been shown to affect the reproductive health of male offspring, leading to imbalance in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, testicular oxidative stress, low testosterone production, and changes in sperm count, viability, motility, and morphology. There is a need for studies that address the combined effects of diets with a high-fat and high-sugar (H) content by both progenitors on male reproduction. In this context, our study evaluated epigenetic parameters and the inflammatory response that could be associated to oxidative stress in testis and epididymis of adult offspring. 90 days-old male rats were divided according to the combination of the parental diet: CD (control paternal and maternal diet), HP (H paternal diet and control maternal diet), HM (H maternal diet and control paternal diet) and HPM (H paternal and maternal diet).We evaluated serum levels of testosterone and FSH; testicular gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes Star and Hsd17b3 and epigenetic markers Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, and Mecp2; testicular and epididymal levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1β; testicular and epididymal activity of SOD, CAT, and GST; the oxidative markers MDA and CP; the daily sperm production, sperm transit time, and sperm morphology. Testicular epigenetic parameter, inflammatory response, oxidative balance, and daily sperm production of the offspring were affected by the maternal diet; paternal diet influenced serum testosterone levels, and lower daily sperm production was exacerbated by the interaction effect of both parental intake of high-fat high-sugar diet in the testis. There was isolated maternal and paternal effect in the antioxidant enzyme activity in the cauda epididymis, and an interaction effect of both parents in protein oxidative marker. Maternal effect could also be observed in cytokine production of cauda epididymis, and no morphological effects were observed in the sperm. The potential programming effects of isolated or combined intake of a high-fat high-sugar diet by the progenitors could be observed at a molecular level in the reproductive health of male offspring in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena César
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Esther Alves de Souza
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Laís Vales Mennitti
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Aline Boveto Santamarina
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | - Andréa Jucá
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Breno Picin Casagrande
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Debora Estadella
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Odair Aguiar
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luciana Pellegrini Pisani,
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