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Sang L, Yang S, Zhu Y, Zhu Z, Yang B, Li Z, Mao X, Chen S, Li C, Du J, Zheng X, He H, Zheng J, Huang Y. The combined use of B vitamins and probiotics promotes B vitamin absorption and increases Akkermansia abundance. Food Funct 2024; 15:7017-7031. [PMID: 38860333 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01805b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
B vitamins and probiotics are commonly used dietary supplements with well-documented health benefits. However, their potential interactions remain poorly understood. This study aims to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of the combined use of B vitamins and probiotics by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis, pharmacokinetic modeling, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. By intragastric administration of seven B vitamins and three Lactobacillus strains to healthy rats (n = 8 per group), we found that probiotics significantly promoted the absorption (by approximately 14.5% to 71.2%) of vitamins B1, B3, B5, and B12. By conducting in vitro experiments (n = 3 per group) and a pseudo-germ-free rat model-based pharmacokinetic study (n = 6 per group), we confirmed that probiotics primarily enhanced the B vitamin absorption through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, rather than by directly producing B vitamins. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of B vitamins and probiotics on the colon and gut microbiota by treating the pseudo-germ-free rats with blank solution, B vitamins, probiotics, and B vitamins + probiotics (n = 5 per group), respectively. Histopathological examination showed that the combination of B vitamins and probiotics synergistically alleviated the rat colon damage. High-throughput genetic sequencing also revealed the synergistic effect of B vitamins and probiotics in modulating the gut microbiota, particularly increasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia. In summary, the combined administration of B vitamins and probiotics may have a higher efficacy than using them alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Sang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Binrui Yang
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ziguang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Siling Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Chengsi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jun Du
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Hua He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jianheng Zheng
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Zhang WW, Thakur K, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Riboflavin ameliorates intestinal inflammation via immune modulation and alterations of gut microbiota homeostasis in DSS-colitis C57BL/6 mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:4109-4121. [PMID: 38597225 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
While there have been advancements in understanding the direct and indirect impact of riboflavin (B2) on intestinal inflammation, the precise mechanisms are still unknown. This study focuses on evaluating the effects of riboflavin (B2) supplementation on a colitis mouse model induced with 3% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). We administered three different doses of oral B2 (VB2L, VB2M, and VB2H) and assessed its impact on various physiological and biochemical parameters associated with colitis. Mice given any of the three doses exhibited relative improvement in the symptoms and intestinal damage. This was evidenced by the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and CALP, along with an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. B2 supplementation also led to a restoration of oxidative homeostasis, as indicated by a decrease in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and an increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activities. B2 intervention showed positive effects on intestinal barrier function, confirmed by increased expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1). B2 was linked to an elevated relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Desulfobacterota, and Verrucomicrobiota. Notably, Verrucomicrobiota showed a significant increase in the VB2H group, reaching 15.03% relative abundance. Akkermansia exhibited a negative correlation with colitis and might be linked to anti-inflammatory function. Additionally, a remarkable increase in n-butyric acid, i-butyric acid, and i-valeric acid was reported in the VB2H group. The ameliorating role of B2 in gut inflammation can be attributed to immune system modulation as well as alterations in the gut microbiota composition, along with elevated levels of fecal SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Wei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
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Kundra P, Greppi A, Duppenthaler M, Plüss S, Pugin B, Lacroix C, Geirnaert A. Vitamin B12 analogues from gut microbes and diet differentially impact commensal propionate producers of the human gut. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1360199. [PMID: 38389799 PMCID: PMC10881866 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1360199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To produce the health-associated metabolite propionate, gut microbes require vitamin B12 as a cofactor to convert succinate to propionate. B12 is sourced in the human gut from the unabsorbed dietary fraction and in situ microbial production. However, experimental data for B12 production by gut microbes is scarce, especially on their produced B12-analogues. Further, the promotion of propionate production by microbially-produced and dietary B12 is not yet fully understood. Here, we demonstrated B12 production in 6 out of 8 in silico predicted B12-producing bacteria from the human gut. Next, we showed in vitro that B12 produced by Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Marvinbryantia formatexigens, and Blautia producta promoted succinate to propionate conversion of two prevalent B12-auxotrophic gut bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Finally, we examined the propiogenic effect of commercially available B12-analogues present in the human diet (cyano-B12, adenosyl-B12 and hydroxy-B12) at two doses. The low dose resulted in partial conversion of succinate to propionate for A. muciniphila when grown with adenosyl-B12 (14.6 ± 2.4 mM succinate and 18.7 ± 0.6 mM propionate) and hydroxy-B12 (13.0 ± 1.1 mM and 21.9 ± 1.2 mM), in comparison to cyano-B12 (0.7 ± 0.1 mM and 34.1 ± 0.1 mM). Higher doses of adenosyl-B12 and hydroxy-B12 resulted in significantly more conversion of succinate to propionate in both propionate-producing species, compared to the low dose. B12 analogues have different potential to impact the propionate metabolism of prevalent propionate producers in the gut. These results could contribute to strategies for managing gut disorders associated with decreased propionate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palni Kundra
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Greppi
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Duppenthaler
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serafina Plüss
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Pugin
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Geirnaert
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Xia Y, Ji C, Li M, Zhang W, Cheng X, Qiu Y, Ge W. Simultaneous quantification of seven B vitamins in human faeces by stable isotope label-based high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115784. [PMID: 37839265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
B vitamins in the human distal gut are primarily derived from the gut microbiota because daily dietary vitamins are fully absorbed in the small intestine under normal dietary and physiological conditions. Quantitative determination of B vitamins in the distal gut and faecal samples is crucial for understanding the intricate relationship between gut B vitamins, gut microbiota, and host health. In this study, we developed a rapid, robust, and reliable method with a simple extraction procedure for the simultaneous analysis of seven B vitamins in human faeces using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) with stable isotope-labelled internal standards. A protein precipitation approach using methanol as the precipitant was employed to extract vitamin B from human faecal samples. Seven B vitamins were adequately separated and quantified within 9 min by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS with a Pursuit PFP column (2.0 ×150 mm, 3.0 µm), including vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, pyridoxic acid, pyridoxine, and B7. The lower limits of quantification were within the range of 0.1-25 ng mL-1. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were both within 15 %. The validated method was successfully applied to 55 faecal samples collected from healthy individuals, patients with type 2 diabetes, and obese patients. Compared with healthy controls, obese patients had lower faecal concentrations of vitamins B1 and B3 and pyridoxic acid, whereas patients with type 2 diabetes had lower faecal concentrations of vitamins B1 and B5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Nanjing Qlife Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nanjing Qlife Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Xiaoliang Cheng
- Nanjing Qlife Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211899, China.
| | - Yanyan Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China.
| | - Weihong Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211112, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
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5
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Libertini G. Phenoptosis and the Various Types of Natural Selection. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:2007-2022. [PMID: 38462458 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923120052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In the first description of evolution, the fundamental mechanism is the natural selection favoring the individuals best suited for survival and reproduction (selection at the individual level or classical Darwinian selection). However, this is a very reductive description of natural selection that does not consider or explain a long series of known phenomena, including those in which an individual sacrifices or jeopardizes his life on the basis of genetically determined mechanisms (i.e., phenoptosis). In fact, in addition to (i) selection at the individual level, it is essential to consider other types of natural selection such as those concerning: (ii) kin selection and some related forms of group selection; (iii) the interactions between the innumerable species that constitute a holobiont; (iv) the origin of the eukaryotic cell from prokaryotic organisms; (v) the origin of multicellular eukaryotic organisms from unicellular organisms; (vi) eusociality (e.g., in many species of ants, bees, termites); (vii) selection at the level of single genes, or groups of genes; (viii) the interactions between individuals (or more precisely their holobionts) of the innumerable species that make up an ecosystem. These forms of natural selection, which are all effects and not violations of the classical Darwinian selection, also show how concepts as life, species, individual, and phenoptosis are somewhat not entirely defined and somehow arbitrary. Furthermore, the idea of organisms selected on the basis of their survival and reproduction capabilities is intertwined with that of organisms also selected on the basis of their ability to cooperate and interact, even by losing their lives or their distinct identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinto Libertini
- Italian Society for Evolutionary Biology (ISEB), Asti, 14100, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
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Townsend JR, Kirby TO, Sapp PA, Gonzalez AM, Marshall TM, Esposito R. Nutrient synergy: definition, evidence, and future directions. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1279925. [PMID: 37899823 PMCID: PMC10600480 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1279925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient synergy refers to the concept that the combined effects of two or more nutrients working together have a greater physiological impact on the body than when each nutrient is consumed individually. While nutrition science traditionally focuses on isolating single nutrients to study their effects, it is recognized that nutrients interact in complex ways, and their combined consumption can lead to additive effects. Additionally, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) provide guidelines to prevent nutrient deficiencies and excessive intake but are not designed to assess the potential synergistic effects of consuming nutrients together. Even the term synergy is often applied in different manners depending on the scientific discipline. Considering these issues, the aim of this narrative review is to investigate the potential health benefits of consuming different nutrients and nutrient supplements in combination, a concept we define as nutrient synergy, which has gained considerable attention for its impact on overall well-being. We will examine how nutrient synergy affects major bodily systems, influencing systemic health. Additionally, we will address the challenges associated with promoting and conducting research on this topic, while proposing potential solutions to enhance the quality and quantity of scientific literature on nutrient synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R. Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
- Health & Human Performance, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, IL, United States
| | - Trevor O. Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Philip A. Sapp
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Adam M. Gonzalez
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Tess M. Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY, United States
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Xi L, Han J, Wen X, Zhao L, Qin X, Luo S, Lv D, Song S. Species variations in the gut microbiota of captive snub-nosed monkeys. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1250865. [PMID: 37780618 PMCID: PMC10534982 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Snub-nosed monkeys are species in danger of extinction due to habitat fragmentation and human activities. Captivity has been suggested as an Auxiliary Conservation Area (ASA) strategy. However, little is known about the adaptation of different species of snub-nosed monkeys to captive environments. Methods This study compared the gut microbiota between Rhinopithecus bieti, R. brelichi, and R. roxellana under identical captive conditions to provide insights for improving captive conservation strategies. Results The results showed that these three Rhinopithecus species shared 80.94% of their Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU), indicating high similarity in gut microbiota composition. The predominant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes for all three Rhinopithecus species, but differences were observed in diversity, characteristic bacterial communities, and predicted function. Significant enrichment of cellulolytic families, including Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales vadinBB60 group, Christensenellaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae, and pathways involved in propionate and butyrate metabolism in the gut of R. bieti suggested that it may have a superior dietary fiber utilization capacity. In contrast, Bacteroidetes, Ruminoccaceae, and Trichospiraceae were more abundant in R. brelichi and R. roxellana, and were associated with saccharide and glycan metabolic pathways. Moreover, R. brelichi and R. roxellana also had higher similarity in microbiota composition and predicted function. Discussion In conclusion, the results demonstrate that host species are associated with the composition and function of the gut microbiota in snub-nosed monkeys. Thus, host species should be considered when formulating nutritional strategies and disease surveillance in captive snub-nosed monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xi
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Development and Application of Green Feed Additives, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Jincheng Han
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Development and Application of Green Feed Additives, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longfei Zhao
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Xinxi Qin
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianhong Lv
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Xi L, Wen X, Jia T, Han J, Qin X, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Comparative study of the gut microbiota in three captive Rhinopithecus species. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:398. [PMID: 37452294 PMCID: PMC10349479 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snub-nosed monkeys are highly endangered primates and their population continues to decline with the habitat fragmentation. Artificial feeding and breeding is an important auxiliary conservation strategy. Studies have shown that changes and imbalances in the gut microbiota often cause gastrointestinal problems in captive snub-nosed monkeys. Here, we compare the gut microbiota composition, diversity, and predicted metabolic function of three endangered species of snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti, R. brelichi, and R. roxellana) under the same captive conditions to further our understanding of the microbiota of these endangered primates and inform captive conservation strategies. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 15 individuals (R. bieti N = 5, R. brelichi N = 5, R. roxellana N = 5). RESULTS The results showed that the three Rhinopithecus species shared 24.70% of their amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), indicating that the composition of the gut microbiota varied among the three Rhinopithecus species. The phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes represented 69.74% and 18.45% of the core microbiota. In particular, analysis of microbiota diversity and predicted metabolic function revealed a profound impact of host species on the gut microbiota. At the genus level, significant enrichment of cellulolytic genera including Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Ruminococcus, Christensenellaceae R7 group, UCG 004 from Erysipelatoclostridiaceae, and UCG 002 and UCG 005 from Oscillospiraceae, and carbohydrate metabolism including propionate and butyrate metabolic pathways in the gut of R. bieti indicated that R. bieti potentially has a stronger ability to use plant fibers as energy substances. Bacteroides, unclassified Muribaculaceae, Treponema, and unclassified Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group were significantly enriched in R. brelichi. Prevotella 9, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, and unclassified UCG 010 from Oscillospirales UCG 010 were significantly enriched in R. roxellana. Among the predicted secondary metabolic pathways, the glycan biosynthesis and metabolism had significantly higher relative abundance in the gut of R. brelichi and R. roxellana than in the gut of R. bieti. The above results suggest that different Rhinopithecus species may have different strategies for carbohydrate metabolism. The Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering tree revealed fewer differences between the gut microbiota of R. brelichi and R. roxellana. Correspondingly, no differences were detected in the relative abundances of functional genes between the two Rhinopithecus species. CONCLUSION Taken together, the study highlights that host species have an effect on the composition and function of the gut microbiota of snub-nosed monkeys. Therefore, the host species should be considered when developing nutritional strategies and investigating the effects of niche on the gut microbiota of snub-nosed monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xi
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Development and Application of Green Feed Additives, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China.
| | - Jincheng Han
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Development and Application of Green Feed Additives, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China.
| | - Xinxi Qin
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
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Townsend JR, Kirby TO, Marshall TM, Church DD, Jajtner AR, Esposito R. Foundational Nutrition: Implications for Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:2837. [PMID: 37447166 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human nutrition, and what can be considered "ideal" nutrition, is a complex, multi-faceted topic which many researchers and practitioners deliberate. While some attest that basic human nutrition is relatively understood, it is undeniable that a global nutritional problem persists. Many countries struggle with malnutrition or caloric deficits, while others encounter difficulties with caloric overconsumption and micronutrient deficiencies. A multitude of factors contribute to this global problem. Limitations to the current scope of the recommended daily allowances (RDAs) and dietary reference intakes (DRIs), changes in soil quality, and reductions in nutrient density are just a few of these factors. In this article, we propose a new, working approach towards human nutrition designated "Foundational Nutrition". This nutritional lens combines a whole food approach in conjunction with micronutrients and other nutrients critical for optimal human health with special consideration given to the human gut microbiome and overall gut health. Together, this a synergistic approach which addresses vital components in nutrition that enhances the bioavailability of nutrients and to potentiate a bioactive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Trevor O Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - Tess M Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - David D Church
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Adam R Jajtner
- Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Zhu YY, Thakur K, Zhang WW, Feng JY, Zhang JG, Hu F, Liao C, Wei ZJ. Double-layer mucin microencapsulation enhances the stress tolerance and oral delivery of Lactobacillus plantarum B2. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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