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Umashankar N, Pemmanda B, Gopkumar P, Hemalatha AJ, Sundar PK, Prashanth HV. Effectiveness of topical green tea against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cases of primary pyoderma: An open controlled trial. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018; 84:163-168. [PMID: 29146890 DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_207_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial activity of green tea against Staphylococcus aureus both in vitro and in vivo has been reported recently. Studies on clinical efficacy and safety of green tea as antibacterial agent against S. aureus in human cases are rare. Objectives To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of topical green tea on primary pyoderma caused by S. aureus. We also attempted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of green tea against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Methods Open label, prospective, placebo-controlled study included community-acquired primary pyoderma cases caused by S. aureus. Severity grading was done on a scale of 1-5. Green tea ointment 3% and placebo ointment were used. Cure was defined on the basis of negative culture and assessment of clinical improvement. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution method. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16. Results Of the 372 patients, 250 received green tea and 122 received placebo. Multidrug-resistant S. aureus was isolated in 89.1% in green tea group and 81.1% in placebo group, respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was isolated in 24 patients. Cure was seen in 86% in green tea group and 6.6% in placebo group which was statistically very significant. The number of days for comprehensive cure in green tea group was 9.2 ± 6.4 days. All patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection in the green tea group were cured. Minimum inhibitory concentration of green tea against S. aureus was 0.0265 ± 0.008 μg/ml and against methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 0.0205 ± 0.003 μg/ml. Limitations of the Study Comparative trial was not conducted in the same patient with different lesions; children less than seven years were not considered as the school authorities did not permit for younger children to be included in the study and true randomization and blinding of investigators were not done. Conclusions Green tea has a significant antibacterial effect against multidrug-resistant S. aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration of green tea is established and is promising in methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Umashankar
- Department of Dermatology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Belliappa Pemmanda
- Department of Dermatology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - P Gopkumar
- Department of Quality Assurance, GRY Institute of Pharmacy, Khargone, India
| | - A J Hemalatha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Oxford Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | - Priya K Sundar
- Department of Dermatology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - H V Prashanth
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
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Development of a beverage from red grape juice fermented with the Kombucha consortium. ANN MICROBIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-016-1242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Amirdivani S, Baba ASH. Green tea yogurt: major phenolic compounds and microbial growth. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:4652-60. [PMID: 26139940 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate fermentation of milk in the presence of green tea (Camellia sinensis) with respect to changes in antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Pasteurized full fat cow's milk and starter culture were incubated at 41 °C in the presence of two different types of green tea extracts. The yogurts formed were refrigerated (4 °C) for further analysis. The total phenolic content was highest (p < 0.05) in air-dried green tea-yogurt (MGT) followed by steam-treated green tea (JGT) and plain yogurts. Four major compounds in MGTY and JGTY were detected. The highest concentration of major phenolic compounds in both samples was related to quercetin-rhamnosylgalactoside and quercetin-3-O-galactosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside for MGTY and JGTY respectively during first 7 day of storage. Diphenyl picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods showed highest antioxidant capacity in MGTY, JGTY and PY. Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus spp. were highest in MGTY followed by JGTY and PY. This paper evaluates the implementation of green tea yogurt as a new product with functional properties and valuable component to promote the growth of beneficial yogurt bacteria and prevention of oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant activity of yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabboo Amirdivani
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Salihin Hj Baba
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vīna I, Semjonovs P, Linde R, Deniņa I. Current Evidence on Physiological Activity and Expected Health Effects of Kombucha Fermented Beverage. J Med Food 2014; 17:179-88. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilmāra Vīna
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Pāvels Semjonovs
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Raimonds Linde
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Deniņa
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
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Bazl R, Ganjali MR, Saboury AA, Foroumadi A, Nourozi P, Amanlou M. A new strategy based on pharmacophore-based virtual screening in adenosine deaminase inhibitors detection and in-vitro study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:64. [PMID: 23351306 PMCID: PMC3556010 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background and the purpose of the study Adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibition not only may be applied for the treatment of ischemic injury, hypertension, lymphomas and leukaemia, but also they have been considered as anti- inflammatory drugs. On the other hand according to literatures, ADA inhibitors without a nucleoside framework would improve pharmacokinetics and decrease toxicity. Hence we have carried out a rational pharmacophore design for non-nucleoside inhibitors filtration. Methods A merged pharmacophore model based on the most potent non-nucleoside inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) and natural products were generated and applied for compounds filtration. The effects of filtrated compounds based on pharmacophore and docking studies investigated on ADA by UV and Fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Results Extracted compounds were find efficiently inhibit ADA, and the most potent (2) shows an inhibition constant equal to 20 μM. Besides, Fluorescence spectroscopy studies revealed that enzyme 3D structure bear further change in lower concentrations of compound 2. Conclusion 3 non-nucleoside inhibitors for ADA are presented. According to obtained results from UV and fluorescence spectroscopy, such interesting pharmacophore template with multiple approaches will help us to extract or design compound with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Bazl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Design & Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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BATTIKH HOUDA, CHAIEB KAMEL, BAKHROUF AMINA, AMMAR EMNA. ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF BLACK AND GREEN KOMBUCHA TEAS. J Food Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Apak R, Demirci Çekiç S, Cetinkaya A, Filik H, Hayvalı M, Kılıç E. Selective determination of catechin among phenolic antioxidants with the use of a novel optical fiber reflectance sensor based on indophenol dye formation on nano-sized TiO₂. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2769-2777. [PMID: 22339278 DOI: 10.1021/jf204061s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The optical sensor for "tea catechins" was built by immobilizing 2,2'-(1,4-phenylenedivinylene)bis-8-hydroxyquinoline (PBHQ) on TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs). The sensor worked by "indophenol blue" dye formation on PBHQ-immobilized TiO₂ NPs as a result of p-aminophenol (PAP) autoxidation with dissolved O₂ at pH 10. Among quercetin, rutin, naringenin, naringin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and trolox, only catechin group antioxidants delayed the color formation on NPs, as measured by the reflectance signal at 710 nm. For quantitative analysis, reflectance signal versus time was recorded, and the difference between the areas under curve (ΔAUC) in the presence and absence of catechin was correlated (r = 0.98) to catechin concentration. The selectivity of the sensor for catechins was shown in tea infusions compared to other plant extracts and was ascribed to the nonplanar structure of catechin interfering with the formation of perfectly conjugated indophenol blue on TiO₂ surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ghosh KS, Maiti TK, Debnath J, Dasgupta S. Inhibition of Ribonuclease A by polyphenols present in green tea. Proteins 2007; 69:566-80. [PMID: 17623866 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the effect of the natural polyphenolic compounds from green tea on the catalytic activity of Ribonuclease A (RNase A). The compounds behave as noncompetitive inhibitors of the protein with inhibition constants ranging from 80-1300 microM. The dissociation constants range from 50-150 microM for the RNase A-polyphenol complexes as determined by ultraviolet (UV) and circular dichroism (CD) studies. We have also investigated the changes in the secondary structure of RNase A on complex formation by CD and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The presence of the gallate moiety has been shown to be important for the inhibition of enzymatic activity. Docking studies for these compounds indicate that the preferred site of binding is the region encompassing residues 34-39 with possible hydrogen bonding with Lys 7 and Arg 10. Finally we have also looked at changes in the accessible surface area of the interacting residues on complex formation for an insight into the residues involved in the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan S Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Yu F, Sheng J, Xu J, An X, Hu Q. Antioxidant activities of crude tea polyphenols, polysaccharides and proteins of selenium-enriched tea and regular green tea. Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-006-0490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ghosh KS, Maiti TK, Dasgupta S. Green tea polyphenols as inhibitors of ribonuclease A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 325:807-11. [PMID: 15541362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ribonucleases (RNases), which are essential for cleavage of RNA, may be cytotoxic due to undesired cleavage of RNA in the cell. The quest for small molecule inhibitors of members of the ribonuclease superfamily has become indispensable with a growing number exhibiting unusual biological properties. Thus, inhibitors of RNases may serve as potential drug candidates. Green tea catechins (GTC), particularly its major constituent (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have reported potential against cell proliferation and angiogenesis induced by several growth factors including angiogenin, a member of the RNase superfamily. This study reports the inhibition of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) by EGCG and GTC. This has been checked qualitatively by an agarose gel based assay. Enzyme kinetic studies with cytidine 2',3' cyclic monophosphate as the substrate have also been conducted. Results indicate substantial inhibitory activity of a noncompetitive nature with an inhibition constant of approximately 80 microM for EGCG and approximately 100 microM for GTC measured in gallic acid equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Sundar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Yao LH, Jiang YM, Shi J, Tomás-Barberán FA, Datta N, Singanusong R, Chen SS. Flavonoids in food and their health benefits. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2004; 59:113-22. [PMID: 15678717 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-004-0049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 785] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the research of flavonoids from dietary sources, due to growing evidence of the versatile health benefits of flavonoids through epidemiological studies. As occurrence of flavonoids is directly associated with human daily dietary intake of antioxidants, it is important to evaluate flavonoid sources in food. Fruits and vegetables are the main dietary sources of flavonoids for humans, along with tea and wine. However, there is still difficulty in accurately measuring the daily intake of flavonoids because of the complexity of existence of flavonoids from various food sources, the diversity of dietary culture, and the occurrence of a large amount of flavonoids itself in nature. Nevertheless, research on the health aspects of flavonoids for humans is expanding rapidly. Many flavonoids are shown to have antioxidative activity, free-radical scavenging capacity, coronary heart disease prevention, and anticancer activity, while some flavonoids exhibit potential for anti-human immunodeficiency virus functions. As such research progresses. further achievements will undoubtedly lead to a new era of flavonoids in either foods or pharmaceutical supplements. Accordingly, an appropriate model for a precise assessment of intake of flavonoids needs to be developed. Most recent research has focused on the health aspects of flavonoids from food sources for humans. This paper reviews the current advances in flavonoids in food, with emphasis on health aspects on the basis of the published literature, which may provide some guidance for researchers in further investigations and for industries in developing practical health agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Yao
- South China Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou ReYiJu 510650, The People's Reptublic of China
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Weisburger JH, Chung FL. Mechanisms of chronic disease causation by nutritional factors and tobacco products and their prevention by tea polyphenols. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40:1145-54. [PMID: 12067577 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The beverage tea, from the top leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis is one of the most widely used beverages in the world, second only to water. Black and green tea have mostly similar actions. The active components are polyphenols, mainly epigallocatechin gallate in green tea, and the tea leaf polyphenol oxidase mediated oxidation to oolong and black tea, yielding other polyphenols, theaflavin and thearubigins. There is 40-50 mg caffeine in a 160-ml cup of tea. The chemopreventive effects of tea depend on: (1) its action as an antioxidant; (2) the specific induction of detoxifying enzymes; (3) its molecular regulatory functions on cellular growth, development and apoptosis; and (4) a selective improvement in the function of the intestinal bacterial flora. The oxidation of LDL cholesterol, associated with a risk for atherosclerosis and heart disease, is inhibited by tea. Many of cancers are caused by lifestyle elements. One is cigarette and tobacco use, leading to cancer in the oral cavity, esophagus and lung, inhibited by tea. Mice administered a tobacco nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), developed significantly fewer lung tumors than controls when given green tea or its major polyphenol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Tea suppressed the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, in the lung DNA of mice given NNK. Gastric cancer, caused by a combination of Helicobacter pylori and salted foods, is lower in tea drinkers. Western nutritionally-linked cancers of the breast, colon, prostate and pancreas can be inhibited by tea. The formation of genotoxic carcinogens for these target organs during the cooking of meats, heterocyclic amines, and their effects were decreased by tea. Tea inhibited the formation of reactive oxygen species and radicals and induced cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2 and 2B1, and glucuronosyl transferase. The higher formation of glucuronides represents an important mechanism in detoxification. The developmental aspects and growth of cancers through promotion are decreased by tea. The regular use of a widely available, tasty, inexpensive beverage, tea, has displayed valuable preventive properties in chronic human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Weisburger
- American Health Foundation, One Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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Wang H, Provan GJ, Helliwell K. Tea flavonoids: their functions, utilisation and analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-2244(00)00061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Alexis
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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