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D'Alonzo D, De Fenza M, Pavone V, Lombardi A, Nastri F. Selective Oxidation of Halophenols Catalyzed by an Artificial Miniaturized Peroxidase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098058. [PMID: 37175773 PMCID: PMC10178546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of artificial enzymes for application in sustainable technologies, such as the transformation of environmental pollutants or biomass, is one of the most challenging goals in metalloenzyme design. In this work, we describe the oxidation of mono-, di-, tri- and penta-halogenated phenols catalyzed by the artificial metalloenzyme Fe-MC6*a. It promoted the dehalogenation of 4-fluorophenol into the corresponding 1,4-benzoquinone, while under the same experimental conditions, 4-chloro, 4-bromo and 4-iodophenol were selectively converted into higher molecular weight compounds. Analysis of the 4-chlorophenol oxidation products clarified that oligomers based on C-O bonds were exclusively formed in this case. All results show that Fe-MC6*a holds intriguing enzymatic properties, as it catalyzes halophenol oxidation with substrate-dependent chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele D'Alonzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria De Fenza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Flavia Nastri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Mutschlechner M, Lackner N, Markt R, Salvenmoser W, Dunlap CA, Wagner AO. Proposal of Thermoactinomyces mirandus sp. nov., a filamentous, anaerobic bacterium isolated from a biogas plant. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 114:45-54. [PMID: 33215328 PMCID: PMC7840651 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We isolated a filamentous, thermophilic, and first anaerobic representative of the genus Thermoactinomyces, designated strain AMNI-1T, from a biogas plant in Tyrol, Austria and report the results of a phenotypic, genetic, and phylogenetic investigation. Strain AMNI-1T was observed to form a white branching mycelium that aggregates into pellets when grown in liquid medium. Cells could primarily utilize lactose, glucose, and mannose as carbon and energy sources, with acetate accelerating and yeast extract being mandatory for growth. The optimum growth temperature and pH turned out to be 55 °C and pH 7.0, respectively, with an optimum NaCl concentration of 0–2% (w/v). 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison indicated that the genetic relatedness between strain AMNI-1T and Thermoactinomyces intermedius, Thermoactinomyces khenchelensis, and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris was less than 97%. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 44.7 mol%. The data obtained suggest that the isolate represents a novel and first anaerobic species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces mirandus is proposed. The type strain is AMNI-1T (= DSM 110094T = LMG 31503T). The description of the genus Thermoactinomyces is emended accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Mutschlechner
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Nina Lackner
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Markt
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Willi Salvenmoser
- Department of Zoology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christopher A Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Andreas O Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
Hydrogenases catalyze the simple yet important interconversion between H2 and protons and electrons. Found throughout prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, and archaea, hydrogenases are used for a variety of redox and signaling purposes and are found in many different forms. This diverse group of metalloenzymes is divided into [NiFe], [FeFe], and [Fe] variants, based on the transition metal contents of their active sites. A wide array of biochemical and spectroscopic methods has been used to elucidate hydrogenases, and this along with a general description of the main enzyme types and catalytic mechanisms is discussed in this chapter.
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Sridharan U, Kuramitsu S, Yokoyama S, Kumarevel T, Ponnuraj K. Crystal structure of Aquifex aeolicus gene product Aq1627: a putative phosphoglucosamine mutase reveals a unique C-terminal end-to-end disulfide linkage. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:1370-1376. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of Aq1627 protein from Aquifex aeolicus, a hyperthermophilic bacterium has been solved, which reveals a unique end-to-end disulfide linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Sridharan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics
- University of Madras
- Chennai
- India
| | - Seiki Kuramitsu
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Osaka 560-0043
| | | | | | - Karthe Ponnuraj
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics
- University of Madras
- Chennai
- India
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Production and Application of a Soluble Hydrogenase from Pyrococcus furiosus. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2015; 2015:912582. [PMID: 26543406 PMCID: PMC4620386 DOI: 10.1155/2015/912582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen gas is a potential renewable alternative energy carrier that could be used in the future to help supplement humanity's growing energy needs. Unfortunately, current industrial methods for hydrogen production are expensive or environmentally unfriendly. In recent years research has focused on biological mechanisms for hydrogen production and specifically on hydrogenases, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reduction of protons to generate hydrogen. In particular, a better understanding of this enzyme might allow us to generate hydrogen that does not use expensive metals, such as platinum, as catalysts. The soluble hydrogenase I (SHI) from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus, a member of the euryarchaeota, has been studied extensively and used in various biotechnological applications. This review summarizes the strategies used in engineering and characterizing three different forms of SHI and the properties of the recombinant enzymes. SHI has also been used in in vitro systems for hydrogen production and NADPH generation and these systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hideaki Ogata
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Olaf Rüdiger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Edward Reijerse
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Photobiological hydrogen production: Bioenergetics and challenges for its practical application. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hydrogen-producing microflora and Fe-Fe hydrogenase diversities in seaweed bed associated with marine hot springs of Kalianda, Indonesia. Curr Microbiol 2013; 66:499-506. [PMID: 23325032 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation is a promising technology for hydrogen (H(2)) production. H(2) producers in marine geothermal environments are thermophilic and halotolerant. However, no one has surveyed an environment specifically for thermophilic bacteria that produce H(2) through Fe-Fe hydrogenases (H(2)ase). Using heterotrophic medium, several microflora from a seaweed bed associated with marine hot springs were enriched and analyzed for H(2) production. A H(2)-producing microflora was obtained from Sargassum sp., 16S rRNA genes and Fe-Fe H(2)ase diversities of this enrichment were also analyzed. Based on 16S rRNA genes analysis, 10 phylotypes were found in the H(2)-producing microflora showing 90.0-99.5 % identities to known species, and belonged to Clostridia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacillales. Clostridia were the most abundant group, and three Clostridia phylotypes were most related to known H(2) producers such as Anaerovorax odorimutans (94.0 % identity), Clostridium papyrosolvens (98.4 % identity), and Clostridium tepidiprofundi (93.1 % identity). For Fe-Fe H(2)ases, seven phylotypes were obtained, showing 63-97 % identities to known Fe-Fe H(2)ases, and fell into four distinct clusters. Phylotypes HW55-3 and HM55-1 belonged to thermophilic and salt-tolerant H(2)-producing Clostridia, Halothermothrix orenii-like Fe-Fe H(2)ases (80 % identity), and cellulolytic H(2)-producing Clostridia, C. papyrosolvens-like Fe-Fe H(2)ases (97 % identity), respectively. The results of both 16S rRNA genes and Fe-Fe H(2)ases surveys suggested that the thermophilic and halotolerant H(2)-producing microflora in seaweed bed of hot spring area represented previously unknown H(2) producers, and have potential application for H(2) production.
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Jugder BE, Welch J, Aguey-Zinsou KF, Marquis CP. Fundamentals and electrochemical applications of [Ni–Fe]-uptake hydrogenases. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Lo SC, Shih SH, Chang JJ, Wang CY, Huang CC. Enhancement of photoheterotrophic biohydrogen production at elevated temperatures by the expression of a thermophilic clostridial hydrogenase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:969-77. [PMID: 22460592 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The working temperature of a photobioreactor under sunlight can be elevated above the optimal growth temperature of a microorganism. To improve the biohydrogen productivity of photosynthetic bacteria at higher temperatures, a [FeFe]-hydrogenase gene from the thermophile Clostridium thermocellum was expressed in the mesophile Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 (strain CGA-CThydA) using a log-phase expression promoter P( pckA ) to drive the expression of heterogeneous hydrogenase gene. In contrast, a mesophilic Clostridium acetobutylicum [FeFe]-hydrogenase gene was also constructed and expressed in R. palustris (strain CGA-CAhydA). Both transgenic strains were tested for cell growth, in vivo hydrogen production rate, and in vitro hydrogenase activity at elevated temperatures. Although both CGA-CThydA and CGA-CAhydA strains demonstrated enhanced growth over the vector control at temperatures above 38 °C, CGA-CThydA produced more hydrogen than the other strains. The in vitro hydrogenase activity assay, measured at 40 °C, confirmed that the activity of the CGA-CThydA hydrogenase was higher than the CGA-CAhydA hydrogenase. These results showed that the expression of a thermophilic [FeFe]-hydrogenase in R. palustris increased the growth rate and biohydrogen production at elevated temperatures. This transgenic strategy can be applied to a broad range of purple photosynthetic bacteria used to produce biohydrogen under sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chen Lo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Characterization and cloning of oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase from Klebsiella oxytoca HP1. Res Microbiol 2011; 162:330-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Verhaart MRA, Bielen AAM, van der Oost J, Stams AJM, Kengen SWM. Hydrogen production by hyperthermophilic and extremely thermophilic bacteria and archaea: mechanisms for reductant disposal. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:993-1003. [PMID: 20662387 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003710244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen produced from biomass by bacteria and archaea is an attractive renewable energy source. However, to make its application more feasible, microorganisms are needed with high hydrogen productivities. For several reasons, hyperthermophilic and extremely thermophilic bacteria and archaea are promising is this respect. In addition to the high polysaccharide-hydrolysing capacities of many of these organisms, an important advantage is their ability to use most of the reducing equivalents (e.g. NADH, reduced ferredoxin) formed during glycolysis for the production of hydrogen, enabling H2/hexose ratios of between 3.0 and 4.0. So, despite the fact that the hydrogen-yielding reactions, especially the one from NADH, are thermodynamically unfavourable, high hydrogen yields are obtained. In this review we focus on three different mechanisms that are employed by a few model organisms, viz. Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus and Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis, Thermotoga maritima, and Pyrococcus furiosus, to efficiently produce hydrogen. In addition, recent developments to improve hydrogen production by hyperthermophilic and extremely thermophilic bacteria and archaea are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel R A Verhaart
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Barnard D, Casanueva A, Tuffin M, Cowan D. Extremophiles in biofuel synthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:871-888. [PMID: 20662378 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003710236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The current global energy situation has demonstrated an urgent need for the development of alternative fuel sources to the continually diminishing fossil fuel reserves. Much research to address this issue focuses on the development of financially viable technologies for the production of biofuels. The current market for biofuels, defined as fuel products obtained from organic substrates, is dominated by bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol and biogas, relying on the use of substrates such as sugars, starch and oil crops, agricultural and animal wastes, and lignocellulosic biomass. This conversion from biomass to biofuel through microbial catalysis has gained much momentum as biotechnology has evolved to its current status. Extremophiles are a robust group of organisms producing stable enzymes, which are often capable of tolerating changes in environmental conditions such as pH and temperature. The potential application of such organisms and their enzymes in biotechnology is enormous, and a particular application is in biofuel production. In this review an overview of the different biofuels is given, covering those already produced commercially as well as those under development. The past and present trends in biofuel production are discussed, and future prospects for the industry are highlighted. The focus is on the current and future application of extremophilic organisms and enzymes in technologies to develop and improve the biotechnological production of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desire Barnard
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
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