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Choi SJ, Osman A, Kim S, Kang S, Hwang DS. Adsorptive chito-beads for control of membrane fouling. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121642. [PMID: 38171670 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan has excellent antimicrobial, adsorption, heavy metal removal, and adhesion properties, making it a good substitute for microplastic-based cleaners. Here, chitosan microbeads (chito-beads) of various sizes ranging from 32 μm to 283 μm were prepared via emulsion using a liquid on oil method and the feasibility of using them as an essential constituent in a chemical cleaning solution for a reverse-osmosis (RO) membrane-fouling-control process was assessed. Prior to the assessment the cleaning efficiency of a solution containing chito-beads, the interaction energy between chitosan and a representative organic foulant (humic acid (HA)) in a RO membrane fouling was analyzed using colloidal atomic force microscopy, and the strongest attraction between chitosan and HA was observed in an aqueous solution. When comparing the membrane cleaning efficiency of cleaning solutions with and without chito-beads, smaller chito-beads (32 μm and 70 μm) were found to have higher cleaning efficiency. Applications of chito-beads to the membrane cleaning process can enhance the cleaning efficiency through the physicochemical interaction with organic foulants. This study can widen the use of chito-beads as an additive to membrane chemical cleaning solutions to control membrane fouling in other membrane processes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Asila Osman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | - Sion Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoktae Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeonsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University International Campus I-CREATE, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; ANPOLY, Pohang, Gyeongsanbuk-do 37666, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Khan IA, Kim JO. Role of inorganic foulants in the aging and deterioration of low-pressure membranes during the chemical cleaning process in surface water treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140073. [PMID: 37689156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Low-pressure membrane (LPM) filtration, including microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF), is a promising technology for the treatment of surface water for drinking and other purposes. Various configurations and operational sequences have been developed to ensure the sustainable provision of clean water by overcoming fouling problems. In the literature, various periodic physical and/or chemical approaches to the cleaning of LPMs have been reported, but little data is available on the aging of MF/UF membranes that results from the interaction between the foulants and the cleaning agent. Periodic physical cleaning of the membrane is expected to return the membrane to its original performance capacity, but it only recovers to a certain level because the remaining foulants cause irreversible fouling. Chemical cleaning can then be employed to recover the membrane from this irreversible fouling but, in the process, it can cause irrecoverable damage to the membrane. In this review, the foulants responsible for irrecoverable damage to MF/UF membranes are summarized, and their interaction with cleaning agents and other foulants is described. The impact of these foulants on various membrane parameters, including filtration efficiency, flux decline, permeability, membrane characterization, and membrane integrity are also summarized and discussed in detail. In addition, mitigation options and future prospects are also discussed with regard to increasing the operational life span of a membrane in a cost-effective manner. Ultimately, this review suggests an advanced control system based on membrane-foulant interactions under the impact of various operational parameters to mitigate the integrity loss of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Afzal Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Jha S, Anand S. Development and Control of Biofilms: Novel Strategies Using Natural Antimicrobials. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:579. [PMID: 37367783 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Separation membranes have a wide application in the food industry, for instance, in the clarification/fractionation of milk, the concentration/separation of selected components, and wastewater treatment. They provide a large area for bacteria to attach and colonize. When a product comes into contact with a membrane, it initiates bacterial attachment/colonization and eventually forms biofilms. Several cleaning and sanitation protocols are currently utilized in the industry; however, the heavy fouling of the membrane over a prolonged duration affects the overall cleaning efficiency. In view of this, alternative approaches are being developed. Therefore, the objective of this review is to describe the novel strategies for controlling membrane biofilms such as enzyme-based cleaner, naturally produced antimicrobials of microbial origin, and preventing biofilm development using quorum interruption. Additionally, it aims to report the constitutive microflora of the membrane and the development of the predominance of resistant strains over prolonged usage. The emergence of predominance could be associated with several factors, of which, the release of antimicrobial peptides by selective strains is a prominent factor. Therefore, naturally produced antimicrobials of microbial origin could thus provide a promising approach to control biofilms. Such an intervention strategy could be implemented by developing a bio-sanitizer exhibiting antimicrobial activity against resistant biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Jha
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Sanjeev Anand
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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4
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Kürzl C, Kulozik U. Comparison of the efficiency of pulsed flow membrane cleaning in hollow fibre (HFM) and spiral-wound microfiltration membranes (SWM). FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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5
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Biofouling in Membrane Bioreactors: Mechanism, Interactions and Possible Mitigation Using Biosurfactants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:2114-2133. [PMID: 36385366 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling roots damage to membrane bioreactors (MBRs), such as physical, functional and organisational changes and even therefore clogging of the membrane pores and successive microbial degradation. Further, it blocks the pores, results into a biomass cake and in due course reduces the membrane flux and leads to an increase in the operational costs. MBR fouling contributed to the rise in transmembrane pressure (TMP) and decrease in permeate flux (in case of constant pressure operation mode). Chemical surfactants adopted for the cleaning of membrane surfaces have certain disadvantages such as toxicity manifestations, damage to the membranes and high CMC concentrations. Biosurfactant surfactants have attained increasing interest due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, stability to extreme environmental conditions such as temperatures, pH and tolerance to salinity. The biosurfactants trapped the foulants via micelle formation, which distresses hydrophobic interactions amongst bacteria and the surface. Rhamnolipids as an anionic biosurfactant pose a significant interfacial potential and have affinity to bind organic matter. The present review discusses the problem of biofouling in MBRs, type and interactions of foulants involved and also highlights the mechanisms of biosurfactant cleaning, effect of different parameters, effect of concentration, TMP, flux recovery, permeability, mitigation practices and challenges.
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6
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Application of a pulsed crossflow to improve chemical cleaning efficiency in hollow fibre membranes following skim milk microfiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Anis SF, Lalia BS, Hashaikeh R, Hilal N. Ceramic nanofiltration membranes for efficient fouling mitigation through periodic electrolysis. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Simonič M. Nanofiltration of the Remaining Whey after Kefir Grains' Cultivation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:993. [PMID: 36295752 PMCID: PMC9611682 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acid whey is derived from fresh cheese. The proteins were isolated by a monolithic ion-exchange column. The remaining whey fraction was used as a starter culture substrate of kefir grains. The aim of this work was, firstly, to study the possibility of column replacement by a UF membrane. If we succeeded, the concentrate would be used as a starter culture substrate of kefir grains. The second part of the research was to purify the remaining solution. The idea was to separate this solution to the permeate and the concentrate by nanofiltration. Further application of both filtration streams was tested as aqueous solutions or dried matter. Chemical and microbiological analyses were performed of both the permeate and the concentrate. The permeate analyses showed that lactose had been fully removed. The aqueous permeate was not stable, mainly due to an increase of total bacteria from 103 to 106 CFU/mL. Therefore, the permeate was spray-dried. The dry permeate was added to the moisture solution in different concentrations. The results showed that up to 0.5% of the dry permeate could be added to the moisturizing solution, with negligible changes in properties having the ability to inhibit acne growth. Anaerobic digestion of industrial sludge was performed with the addition of an aqueous concentrate, which showed improvement in anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjana Simonič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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9
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Gao Z, Chen Q, Song X, Wang J, Cai W. Microbial Responses to Various Types of Chemical Regents during On-Line Cleaning of UF Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:920. [PMID: 36295679 PMCID: PMC9606962 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration is widely used to treat various environmental waters, and on-line membrane cleaning with various chemical reagents is frequently employed to sustain the filtration flux. However, the residue of cleaning agents in the ultrafiltration system is unavoidable, which may affect microbiological properties and biofilm formation during the next-round filtration. By investigating the changes in microbial characteristics, and their biofouling behaviors after exposure to HCl, NaOH, NaClO, citric acid (CA), and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), this study fills a knowledge gap in microbial responses to various types of chemical cleaning agents in an ultrafiltration system. The result shows that HCl, NaOH, and NaClO affect the bacterial properties and subsequent attachment on the membrane surface, while CA and SDS have no obvious influence on microorganisms. Specifically, HCl, NaOH, and NaClO reduce the hydrophobicity and mean size of suspended microorganisms, increase the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) release, and trigger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, resulting in the death of a large quantity of microorganisms. Due to the self-protecting strategy, plenty of living cells aggregate on the membrane surface and form a cake layer with a stratified structure, causing more severe membrane biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qiuying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaolan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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10
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Zhang B, Feng X. Assessment of pervaporative concentration of dairy solutions vs ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Membrane chromatography (MC) is an emerging bioseparation technology combining the principles of membrane filtration and chromatography. In this process, one type of molecule is adsorbed in the stationary phase, whereas the other type of molecule is passed through the membrane pores without affecting the adsorbed molecule. In subsequent the step, the adsorbed molecule is recovered by an elution buffer with a unique ionic strength and pH. Functionalized microfiltration membranes are usually used in radial flow, axial flow, and lateral flow membrane modules in MC systems. In the MC process, the transport of a solute to a stationary phase is mainly achieved through convection and minimum pore diffusion. Therefore, mass transfer resistance and pressure drop become insignificant. Other characteristics of MC systems are a minimum clogging tendency in the stationary phase, the capability of operating with a high mobile phase flow rate, and the disposable (short term) application of stationary phase. The development and application of MC systems for the fractionation of individual proteins from whey for investigation and industrial-scale production are promising. A significant income from individual whey proteins together with the marketing of dairy foods may provide a new commercial outlook in dairy industry. In this review, information about the development of a MC system and its applications for the fractionation of individual protein from whey are presented in comprehensive manner.
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12
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Ren L, Yuan N, Lin L, He C, Tang C, Xu Z. Effect of jet airflow deflection on cleaning performance of filter cartridge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27510-27520. [PMID: 34982388 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pleated cartridge filters are widely used to remove dust in industrial processes. However, pulse-jet cleaning is not uniform on the filter cartridges. The phenomenon of pulsed jet airflow deflection exists during pulse jet cleaning, which causes a large impact on the local area of filter cartridge and shortens the service life of the filter cartridge. But perhaps due to the lack of effective testing methods, the impact of pulsed jet deflection on dust cleaning is often ignored. Under more comprehensive conditions, such as jet pressures, jet distance, and jet-hole diameter, the influence of the pulsed jet airflow deflection on the cleaning performance of the filter cartridge has been discussed systematically, by testing the peak static pressure on the side wall of the filter cartridge. The experimental results show that the sidewall peak static pressure of the face-flow surface of the filter cartridge is greater than that of the back-flow surface due to deflection, and the difference between the two is proportional to the jet-hole diameter and jet pressure. After installing the diversion nozzle, the results show that the peak static pressures of the face-flow and back-flow surfaces are basically the same. Therefore, it is proved that the diversion nozzle can effectively correct the jet airflow deflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ren
- Sichuan Engineering Lab of Non-Metallic Mineral Powder Modification and High-Value Utilization, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Na Yuan
- Sichuan Engineering Lab of Non-Metallic Mineral Powder Modification and High-Value Utilization, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Longyuan Lin
- Sichuan Engineering Lab of Non-Metallic Mineral Powder Modification and High-Value Utilization, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Chunhong He
- Sichuan Engineering Lab of Non-Metallic Mineral Powder Modification and High-Value Utilization, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Cuiying Tang
- Sichuan Engineering Lab of Non-Metallic Mineral Powder Modification and High-Value Utilization, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Coal Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, 610091, China
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Wedel C, Atamer Z, Dettling A, Wenning M, Scherer S, Hinrichs J. Towards low-spore milk powders: A review on microbiological challenges of dairy powder production with focus on aerobic mesophilic and thermophilic spores. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Heo S, Nam K, Woo T, Yoo C. Digitally-transformed early-warning protocol for membrane cleaning based on a fouling-cumulative sum chart: Application to a full-scale MBR plant. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Vera C, Guerrero C, Illanes A. Trends in lactose-derived bioactives: synthesis and purification. SYSTEMS MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOMANUFACTURING 2022; 2:393-412. [PMID: 38624767 PMCID: PMC8776390 DOI: 10.1007/s43393-021-00068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lactose obtained from cheese whey is a low value commodity despite its great potential as raw material for the production of bioactive compounds. Among them, prebiotics stand out as valuable ingredients to be added to food matrices to build up functional foods, which currently represent the most active sector within the food industry. Functional foods market has been growing steadily in the recent decades along with the increasing awareness of the World population about healthy nutrition, and this is having a strong impact on lactose-derived bioactives. Most of them are produced by enzyme biocatalysis because of molecular precision and environmental sustainability considerations. The current status and outlook of the production of lactose-derived bioactive compounds is presented with special emphasis on downstream operations which are critical because of the rather modest lactose conversion and product yields that are attainable. Even though some of these products have already an established market, there are still several challenges referring to the need of developing better catalysts and more cost-effective downstream operations for delivering high quality products at affordable prices. This technological push is expected to broaden the spectrum of lactose-derived bioactive compounds to be produced at industrial scale in the near future. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaiso, Chile
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Kumar M, Tierney J, Wilkinson M. Enzymatic Disruption of Biofilms During Cheese Manufacturing: A Mini Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:791061. [PMID: 34975813 PMCID: PMC8716882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.791061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are capable of colonizing industrial processing surfaces creating biofilms on them which may adversely affect the quality and safety of products. Traditional cleaning-in-place (CIP) treatments using caustic and nitric acid solutions have been known to exhibit variable efficiency in eliminating biofilm bacteria. Here, we introduce enzymes as an alternative to traditional CIP treatments and discuss their mechanism of action against bacterial biofilms in cheese manufacturing. In addition, we discuss research gaps namely thermal stability, substrate specificity and residual activity of enzymes that may play a vital role in the selection of enzymes with optimal effectiveness against multi species biofilms. The outcome of this mini review will aid in the development of a novel and sustainable enzyme-based CIP treatment during cheese manufacturing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Murali Kumar,
| | | | - Martin Wilkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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17
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Deshwal GK, Kadyan S, Sharma H, Singh AK, Panjagari NR, Meena GS. Applications of reverse osmosis in dairy processing: an Indian perspective. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:3676-3688. [PMID: 34471292 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Indian dairy industry is highly diversified in terms of milk production, collection, processing and waste disposal. Membrane processing allows dairy sector to manufacture high quality nutritive dairy products at lower costs with minimum water use and product losses. Compared to prevailing traditional methods of milk concentration, reverse osmosis (RO) is still evolving, finding newer applications in dairy processing because of its potential benefits. A brief overview of RO, membranes, process variables, fouling, merits and demerits along with potential suppliers and membrane utilizing dairy plants in India are systematically presented in this review. Different applications of RO in dairy industry including concentration of liquid dairy streams, further utilization of RO retentate in formulation of ice-cream, dahi, traditional Indian dairy products, cheese and dried powders is also included. RO can play a prominent role in Indian dairy sector for simplifying the process automation, product diversification and efficient waste utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kr Deshwal
- Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
| | - Saurabh Kadyan
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
| | - Heena Sharma
- Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
| | | | - Ganga Sahay Meena
- Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
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18
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Fu S, Xu Y, Wang H, Sun F, He J, Liu Z, Xu Z, Wang H, Lin T. Durable anti-oil-fouling superhydrophilic membranes for oil-in-water emulsion separation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Marine mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coatings show excellent hydrophilicity and substrate-independent adhesion ability, but low stability, especially in a harsh environment such as strong acid or strong base, significantly restricts their applications. In this work, we prepare a novel superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic coating based on a modified PDA. Diglycidyl resorcinol ether (DGRE) polyethyleneimine (PEI) and iron ions were incorporated into PDA to strengthen the cross-linking and coating durability. By using three chemically inert hydrophobic membranes, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(vinylidene fluoride), and polypropylene, as substrates, we showed that PDA/PEI/DGRE-coated membranes had a water contact angle (CA) of 0° and underwater oil CA above 157°, and their underwater oil SAs were <7°. The coating is durable against both physical and chemical damages including ultrasound and heat treatments, as well as acid/alkaline etching. After ultrasound treatment in water for 60 min, and heating treatment for 3 h, or acid/alkaline etching for 3 h, the coated PTFE membrane still showed water CAs of ∼0° in air and underwater oil CAs of ∼150°. The coated membranes can efficiently separate oil-in-water emulsions, even in strong acid and base environments. The water flux was above 1500 L m−2 h−1, and the oil rejection was above 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Fu
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing , Jiaxing University , Jiaxing 314001 , China
- School of Textiles and Clothing , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Ningbo Water Supply Co., Ltd , Ningbo 315041 , China
| | - Yaling Xu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Jiaxing University , Jiaxing 314001 , China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Textiles and Clothing , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Fengxin Sun
- School of Textiles and Clothing , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Jianrong He
- Ningbo Water Supply Co., Ltd , Ningbo 315041 , China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Ningbo Water Supply Co., Ltd , Ningbo 315041 , China
| | - Zhiguang Xu
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing , Jiaxing University , Jiaxing 314001 , China
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Jiaxing University , Jiaxing 314001 , China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , VIC 3216 , Australia
| | - Tong Lin
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , VIC 3216 , Australia
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19
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Shim J, Park S, Cho KH. Deep learning model for simulating influence of natural organic matter in nanofiltration. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 197:117070. [PMID: 33831775 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling membrane fouling in a membrane filtration system is critical to ensure high filtration performance. A forecast of membrane fouling could enable preliminary actions to relieve the development of membrane fouling. Therefore, we established a long short-term memory (LSTM) model to investigate the variations in filtration performance and fouling growth. For data acquisition, we first conducted lab-scale membrane fouling experiments to identify the diverse fouling mechanisms of natural organic matter (NOM) in nanofiltration (NF) systems. Four types of NOMs were considered as model foulants: humic acid, bovine-serum-albumin, sodium alginate, and tannic acid. In addition, real-time 2D images were acquired via optical coherence tomography (OCT) to quantify the cake layer formed on the membrane. Subsequently, experimental data were used to train the LSTM model to predict permeate flux and fouling layer thickness as output variables. The model performance exhibited root mean square errors of <1 L/m2/h for permeate flux and <10 µm for fouling layer thickness in both the training and validation steps. In this study, we demonstrated that deep learning can be used to simulate the influence of NOMs on the NF system and also be applied to simulate other membrane processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaegyu Shim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Park
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Antiviral amphiphilic membranes based on the organometallic compound for protein removal from wastewater with fouling-resistant. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Fischer N, Kieferle I, Kulozik U, Germann N. Three-dimensional numerical investigation of the displacement of shear-thinning milk protein concentrates in spacer-filled channel. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Li Y, Wang H, Wang S, Xiao K, Huang X. Enzymatic Cleaning Mitigates Polysaccharide-Induced Refouling of RO Membrane: Evidence from Foulant Layer Structure and Microbial Dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5453-5462. [PMID: 33492142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional harsh chemical cleaning-in-place (CIP) is corrosive to membranes but has limited inhibition on refouling, a tough problem for long-term operation of reverse osmosis (RO). Mild enzymatic cleaning (at pH 9) is a promising alternative but lacks long-term verification and insightful elucidation. In this study, we investigated the instantaneous efficiency, postcleaning refouling, and biological effect of enzymatic CIP (compounded with lipase, protease, and sodium dodecyl sulfate) on practical RO membranes during a 500 h multicycle operation. The enzymatic CIP had an average cleaning efficiency of 77%, which is comparable to a commercial harsh CIP benchmark (pH > 12). It mitigated refouling by shaping the biofilm into a loose and porous architecture where newly arrived organics conformed standard blocking, whereas harsh chemicals rendered a smooth and dense gel layer with quick refouling in intermediate blocking or cake filtration mode. Such structural disparities were dominated by polysaccharides according to quantitative chemical analyses. Gene sequencing and ecological network analysis further proved that the behavior of polysaccharide-related keystone species (such as Sphingomonas and Xanthomonas) significantly changed after long-term enzymatic treatment. In this regard, the mild selective pressure of enzymatic reagents can directionally regulate microbial dynamics, alter foulant layer structure via bio-organic synchronicity, mitigate refouling, and eventually improve the sustainability of RO operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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23
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Abstract
Rosy prospects of chiral membranes are proposed with novel and robust materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Han
- School of Science
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Science
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- School of Science
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Science
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
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24
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Verma P, Singh N, Anand S. Short communication: A competitive exclusion study reveals the emergence of Bacillus subtilis as a predominant constitutive microorganism of a whey reverse osmosis membrane biofilm matrix. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:221-227. [PMID: 33131824 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial attachment and colonization on separation membranes lead to biofilm formation. Some isolates within the biofilm microflora acquire greater resistance to the chemical cleaning protocols on prolonged use of membranes. It is thus likely that the constitutive microflora might compete with each other and result in certain species emerging as predominant, especially within older biofilms. To understand the microbial interactions within biofilms, the emergence of predominance was studied in the current investigation. An 18-mo-old reverse osmosis membrane was procured from a whey processing plant. The membrane pieces (2.54 × 2.54 cm2) were neutralized by dipping in Letheen broth. The resuscitation step was done in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37°C, followed by plating on tryptic soy agar (TSA) to recover the constitutive microflora. Distinct colonies of isolates were further identified using MALDI-TOF as Bacillus licheniformis, Exiguobacterium aurantiacum, Acinetobacter radioresistens, Bacillus subtilis (rpoB sequencing), and 1 unidentified species each of Exiguobacterium and Bacillus. Further, the competitive exclusion study helped establish the emergence of predominance using a co-culturing technique. Fifteen combinations (of 2 isolates each) were prepared from the isolates. Pure cultures of the respective isolates were spiked in a ratio of 1:1 in TSB and incubated at 37°C for 24 h, followed by plating on TSA. The enumerated colonies were distinguished based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and MALDI-TOF to identify the type of the isolate. Plate counts of B. subtilis emerged as predominant with mean log counts of 7.22 ± 0.22 cfu/mL. The predominance of B. subtilis was also validated using the process of natural selection in a multispecies growth environment. In this instance, the TSB culture with overnight-incubated membrane piece (with mixed-species biofilm) at 37°C for 12 h was inoculated in fresh TSB and incubated for the second cycle. Overall, 5 such sequential broth-culture incubation cycles were carried out, followed by pour plating on TSA plates, at the end of each cycle. The isolates obtained were identified using a similar methodology as mentioned above. The fifth subsequent transfer depicted the presence of only 1 B. subtilis isolate on plating, thereby validating its predominance under the conditions of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratishtha Verma
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - Neha Singh
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - Sanjeev Anand
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007.
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25
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Morsch P, Kühn J, Werner R, Anlauf H, Geier DU, Becker T, Nirschl H. Influence of the filter cloth and nozzles type on the in-situ cleaning procedure of filter presses. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes in Wastewater Treatment: Filtration Behavior, Fouling and Prevention. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10090248. [PMID: 32971963 PMCID: PMC7558661 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, integrated microfiltration (MF) membrane systems treatment is becoming widely popular due to its feasibility, process reliability, commercial availability, modularity, relative insensitivity in case of wastewater of various industrial sources as well as raw water treatment and lower operating costs. The well thought out, designed and implemented use of membranes can decrease capital cost, reduce chemical usage, and require little maintenance. Due to their resistance to extreme operating conditions and cleaning protocols, ceramic MF membranes are gradually becoming more employed in the drinking water and wastewater treatment industries when compared with organic and polymeric membranes. Regardless of their many advantages, during continuous operation these membranes are susceptible to a fouling process that can be detrimental for successful and continuous plant operations. Chemical and microbial agents including suspended particles, organic matter particulates, microorganisms and heavy metals mainly contribute to fouling, a complex multifactorial phenomenon. Several strategies, such as chemical cleaning protocols, turbulence promoters and backwashing with air or liquids are currently used in the industry, mainly focusing around early prevention and treatment, so that the separation efficiency of MF membranes will not decrease over time. Other strategies include combining coagulation with either inorganic or organic coagulants, with membrane treatment which can potentially enhance pollutants retention and reduce membrane fouling.
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27
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Öztürk A, Yıldız A, Yılmaz H, Ergenekon P, Özkan M. Organic solute rejection capacities of Escherichia coli and Halomonas elongata aquaporin-incorporated nanofiltration membranes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1641521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşenur Öztürk
- Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Yıldız
- Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hilal Yılmaz
- Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Pınar Ergenekon
- Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Melek Özkan
- Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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28
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Wang J, Cahyadi A, Wu B, Pee W, Fane AG, Chew JW. The roles of particles in enhancing membrane filtration: A review. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Moejes S, van Wonderen G, Bitter J, van Boxtel A. Assessment of air gap membrane distillation for milk concentration. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Scaling Reduction in Carbon Nanotube-Immobilized Membrane during Membrane Distillation. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is fast evolving as a desalination technology for high-salinity waters where scaling remains a major challenge. This paper reports the scaling reduction in carbon nanotube-immobilized membranes (CNIMs) and by the use of the antiscalant polyacrylic acid. High concentrations of CaSO4, CaCO3, and BaSO4 were deliberately used to initiate scaling on the membranes. It was observed that after ten hours of operation in a highly scaling CaSO4 environment, the CNIM showed 127% higher flux than what was observed on a membrane without the CNTs. The trends were similar with CaCO3 and BaSO4, where the CNIM showed significantly improved antiscaling behavior. The normalized flux declination for CNIM was found to be 45%, 30%, and 53% lower compared to the pristine membrane with CaSO4, CaCO3, and BaSO4 solutions, respectively. The use of antiscalant in the feed solution was also found to be effective in improving antiscaling behavior, which reduced salt deposition up to 28%, and the water vapor flux was 100% and 18% higher for the pristine polypropylene and CNIM, respectively. Results also showed that the presence of CNTs facilitated the removal of deposited salts by washing, and the CNIM regained 97% of its initial water flux, whereas the polypropylene only regained 85% of the original value.
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31
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Interrelations between consecutive process steps: Using the example of the displacement of dispersions subsequently to the filtration. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Guerrero-Navarro A, Ríos-Castillo A, Avila CR, Hascoët A, Felipe X, Rodriguez Jerez J. Development of a dairy fouling model to assess the efficacy of cleaning procedures using alkaline and enzymatic products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Wen-Qiong W, Yun-Chao W, Xiao-Feng Z, Rui-Xia G, Mao-Lin L. Whey protein membrane processing methods and membrane fouling mechanism analysis. Food Chem 2019; 289:468-481. [PMID: 30955638 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Whey is a byproduct with nutritional value and high organic and saline content. It is an important source of organic contamination in dairy industry. In this paper, we gave an overview of the current use of membrane materials and membrane processing in cheese whey protein recovery and discussed recent developments in membrane technology. Different types of membranes, such as polymers, ceramic membranes and modification membranes, are used for various purposes, such an increasing permeation flux, reducing membrane fouling, and increasing the protein rejection rate, concentration, fractionation and purification of whey protein. New membrane processing methods and integrated membrane methods to recover whey protein were reviewed. Membrane fouling factors during whey protein ultrafiltration process, which included whey protein conformation, membrane filtration conditions and the interaction between proteins and the membrane surface or pores, were also discussed and analyzed to reveal membrane fouling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wen-Qiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wa Yun-Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang Xiao-Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gu Rui-Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lu Mao-Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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34
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A comparison between laboratory and industrial fouling of reverse osmosis membranes used to concentrate milk. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Bella GD, Trapani DD. A Brief Review on the Resistance-in-Series Model in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs). MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E24. [PMID: 30717246 PMCID: PMC6409801 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cake layer deposited on the membrane modules of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), especially under a submerged configuration, represents a relevant and fundamental mechanism deeply influencing the development of membrane fouling. It negatively affects the total resistance to filtration, while exerting a positive effect as a "pre-filter" promoting the "dynamic membrane" that protects the physical membrane from internal fouling. These two opposite phenomena should be properly managed, where the submerged membranes are usually subjected to a periodical cake layer removal through ordinary (permeate backwashing and air scouring) and/or irregular cleaning actions (manual physical cleaning). In this context, the physical removal of the cake layer is needed to maintain the design filtration characteristics. Nevertheless, the proper evaluation of the effect of physical cleaning operations is still contradictory and under discussion, referring in particular to the correct evaluation of fouling mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to summarize the different aspects that influence the fouling investigations, based on simple models for the evaluation of the resistance to filtration due to the cake layer, through physical cleaning operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Di Bella
- Facoltà di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università degli Studi di Enna "Kore", Cittadella universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy.
| | - Daniele Di Trapani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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36
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Rudolph G, Schagerlöf H, Morkeberg Krogh KB, Jönsson AS, Lipnizki F. Investigations of Alkaline and Enzymatic Membrane Cleaning of Ultrafiltration Membranes Fouled by Thermomechanical Pulping Process Water. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:membranes8040091. [PMID: 30308935 PMCID: PMC6316253 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is one of the most important industrial sectors worldwide, and has considerable potential for the sustainable fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass to provide valuable compounds. Ultrafiltration (UF) is a suitable separation technique for the profitable production of hemicelluloses from process water from thermomechanical pulping (ThMP), but is limited by membrane fouling. Improvements in cleaning protocols and new alternative cleaning agents are required to ensure a long membrane lifetime, and thus a sustainable process. This study, therefore, focuses on the cleaning of polymeric UF membranes after the filtration of ThMP process water, comparing alkaline with enzymatic cleaning agents. The aim was to develop a cleaning procedure that is efficient under mild conditions, resulting in a lower environmental impact. It was not possible to restore the initial permeability of the membrane when cleaning the membrane with enzymes alone, but the permeability was restored when using a two-step cleaning process with enzymes in the first step and an alkaline cleaning agent in the second step. Scanning electron microscopy gave a deeper inside into the cleaning efficiency. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that not only polysaccharides, but also extractives are adsorbed onto the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Rudolph
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Herje Schagerlöf
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Ann-Sofi Jönsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Frank Lipnizki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
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37
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Schmidt M, Breite D, Thomas I, Went M, Prager A, Schulze A. Polymer membranes for active degradation of complex fouling mixtures. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Integration of Membrane Bioreactors with Edible Filamentous Fungi for Valorization of Expired Milk. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10061940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Rani CN, Karthikeyan S. Performance of an indigenous integrated slurry photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) on the removal of aqueous phenanthrene (PHE). WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:2642-2656. [PMID: 29944129 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a slurry photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) was developed and evaluated for the degradation of aqueous phenanthrene (PHE). During continuous process with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 140 min, the maximum PHE degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies were found to be 97% and 79%, respectively. The reuse and recovery potential of TiO2 was studied with continuous recycling. The major intermediates during photodegradation of PHE were found to be phenanthrenequinone, phenanthenol and fluorine. This study also includes an investigation of membrane fouling caused by hydrophilic nano TiO2. The cake layer observed on the membrane surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In addition, the effect of operating parameters such as pH and permeate flux on membrane fouling were also investigated. Low permeate flux and alkaline conditions reduced membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nirmala Rani
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India E-mail:
| | - S Karthikeyan
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India E-mail:
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40
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Vicaria JM, Herrera-Márquez O, Fernández-Casillas C, Jurado E. Cleaning protocols using surfactants and electrocleaning to remove food deposits on stainless steel surfaces. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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41
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Anti-fouling characteristic of carbon nanotubes hollow fiber membranes by filtering natural organic pollutants. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Wang SY, Fang LF, Cheng L, Jeon S, Kato N, Matsuyama H. Novel ultrafiltration membranes with excellent antifouling properties and chlorine resistance using a poly(vinyl chloride)-based copolymer. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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43
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Kim CY, Zhu X, Herzberg M, Walker S, Jassby D. Impact of Physical and Chemical Cleaning Agents on Specific Biofilm Components and the Implications for Membrane Biofouling Management. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Y. Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90028, United States
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90028, United States
| | - Moshe Herzberg
- Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000 Israel
| | - Sharon Walker
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90028, United States
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44
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Hou L, Gao K, Li P, Zhang X, Wang Z, Song P, Yao W. A kinetic model for calculating total membrane fouling resistance in chemical cleaning process. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Fouling behavior of poly(ether)sulfone ultrafiltration membrane during concentration of whey proteins: Effect of hydrophilic modification using atmospheric pressure argon jet plasma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:510-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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46
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Chang H, Liang H, Qu F, Liu B, Yu H, Du X, Li G, Snyder SA. Hydraulic backwashing for low-pressure membranes in drinking water treatment: A review. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Almécija MC, Guadix A, Calvo JI, Guadix EM. Changes in structure and performance during diafiltration of binary protein solutions due to repeated cycles of fouling/alkaline cleaning. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Coutinho de Paula E, Amaral MCS. Extending the life-cycle of reverse osmosis membranes: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2017; 35:456-470. [PMID: 28097920 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x16684383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reverse osmosis (RO) technology for desalination and demineralization serves the global water crisis context, both technically and economically, and its market is growing. However, RO membranes have a limited life-cycle and are often disposed of in landfills. The impacts caused by the disposal of thousands of tonnes per annum of RO membranes have grown dramatically around the world. Waste prevention should have a high priority and take effect before the end-of-life phase of a product is reached. In this review, a summary is presented of the main advances in the performance of the RO technology and the membrane lifespan. Afterwards, this paper reviews the most important relevant literature and summarizes the key findings of the research on reusing and recycling the discarded modules for the purpose of extending the life-cycle of the RO membranes. In addtion, there are some recent researches that indicated recycling RO membranes for use by the microfiltration or ultrafiltration separation processes is a promising solution to the disposal problem. However, there are many gaps and differences in procedures and results. This article also discusses and brings to light key parameters involved and controversies about oxidative treatment of discarded RO membranes.
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Behavior and rejection mechanisms of fruit juice phenolic compounds in model solution during nanofiltration. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ng KS, Haribabu M, Harvie DJ, Dunstan DE, Martin GJ. Mechanisms of flux decline in skim milk ultrafiltration: A review. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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