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Domsta V, Boralewski T, Ulbricht M, Schick P, Krause J, Seidlitz A. Stability of Dexamethasone during Hot-Melt Extrusion of Filaments based on Eudragit® RS, Ethyl Cellulose and Polyethylene Oxide. Int J Pharm X 2024; 8:100263. [PMID: 39040516 PMCID: PMC11260382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) potentially coupled with 3D printing is a promising technique for the manufacturing of dosage forms such as drug-eluting implants which might even be individually adapted to patient-specific anatomy. However, these manufacturing methods involve the risk of thermal degradation of incorporated drugs during processing. In this work, the stability of the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (DEX) was studied during HME using the polymers Eudragit® RS, ethyl cellulose and polyethylene oxide. The extrusion process was performed at different temperatures. Furthermore, the influence of accelerated screw speed, the addition of the plasticizers triethyl citrate and polyethylene glycol 6000 or the addition of the antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene and tocopherol in two concentrations were studied. The DEX recovery was analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography method suitable for the detection of thermal degradation products. The strongest impact on the drug stability was found for the processing temperature, which was found to reduce the DEX recovery to <20% for certain processing conditions. In addition, differences between tested polymers were observed, whereas the use of additives did not result in remarkable changes in drug stability. In conclusion, suitable extrusion parameters were identified for the processing of DEX with high drug recovery rates for the tested polymers. Moreover, the importance of a suitable analysis method for drug stability during HME that is influenced by several parameters was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Domsta
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tessa Boralewski
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Ulbricht
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julius Krause
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Macedo J, Vanhoorne V, Vervaet C, Pinto JF. Influence of formulation variables on the processability and properties of tablets manufactured by fused deposition modelling. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122854. [PMID: 36948473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The present work studied the influence of different formulation variables (defined also as factors), namely, different polymers (HPC EF, PVA and HPMC-AS LG), drugs with different water solubilities (paracetamol, hydrochlorothiazide and celecoxib) and drug loads (10 or 30 %) on their processability by HME and FDM. Both filaments and tablets were characterized for physic and chemical properties (DSC, XRPD, FTIR) and performance properties (drug content, in vitro drug release). Experiments were designed to highlight relationships between the 3 factors selected and the mechanical properties of filaments, tablet mass and dissolution profiles of the model drugs from printed tablets. While the combination of hydrochlorothiazide and HPMC-AS LG could not be extruded, the combination of paracetamol with HPC EF turned the filaments too ductile and not stiff enough hampering the process of printing. All other polymer and drug combinations could be successfully extruded and printed. Models reflected the influence of the solubility of the drug considered but not the drug load in formulations. The ranking of the drug release rates was in good agreement with their solubilities. Furthermore, PVA presenting the fastest swelling rate, promoted the fastest drugs' releases in comparison with the other polymers studied. Overall, the study enabled the identification of the key factors affecting the properties of printed tablets, with the proposal of a model that has valued the relative contribution of each factor to the overall performance of tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Macedo
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - João F Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Liu Q, Li M, Liu C, Yin J, Zhu X, Chen D. Continuous Synthesis of Polymer-Coated Drug Nanoparticles by Heterogeneous Nucleation in a Hollow-Fiber Membrane Module. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Mao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jieli Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Dengyue Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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4
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Thakkar R, Komanduri N, Dudhipala N, Tripathi S, Repka MA, Majumdar S. Development and optimization of hot-melt extruded moxifloxacin hydrochloride inserts, for ocular applications, using the design of experiments. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120676. [PMID: 33961956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to formulate sustained-release hot-melt extruded (HME) ocular inserts of moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX; MOX-HME) for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. The concentration of Eudragit™ FS-100 (FS) and propylene glycol (PG) used as polymer and plasticizer, respectively, in the inserts were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) to achieve sustained release. The inserts were characterized for weight, thickness, surface characteristics, pH, and in vitro release profile. The crystalline characteristics of MOX and surface morphology of the inserts were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, ex vivo permeation through rabbit cornea and stability of the optimized MOX-HME insert was investigated. The results demonstrate an inverse correlation between FS concentration and MOX release from the MOX-HME inserts, and a potential 24 h release. The optimized MOX-HME inserts were found to be stable at room temperature for four months, showing no significant change in drug content, pH and release profile. MOX converted into an amorphous form in the MOX-HME inserts and did not recrystallize during the study period. SEM analysis confirmed the smooth surface of the MOX-HME insert. The ex vivo studies revealed that the MOX-HME inserts provided a much prolonged transcorneal MOX flux as compared to the commercial ophthalmic solution and the immediate-release MOX-HME insert. The results indicate that MOX-HME inserts could potentially provide a once-a-day application, consequently reducing the dosing frequency and acting as an alternative delivery system in the management of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Neeraja Komanduri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Narendar Dudhipala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Siddharth Tripathi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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5
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Abbasnezhad N, Kebdani M, Shirinbayan M, Champmartin S, Tcharkhtchi A, Kouidri S, Bakir F. Development of a Model Based on Physical Mechanisms for the Explanation of Drug Release: Application to Diclofenac Release from Polyurethane Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1230. [PMID: 33920267 PMCID: PMC8069626 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a method for prediction of the drug-release profile based on the physical mechanisms that can intervene in drug release from a drug-carrier. The application presented here incorporates the effects of drug concentration and Reynolds number defining the circulating flow in the testing vein. The experimental data used relate to the release of diclofenac from samples of non-degradable polyurethane subjected to static and continuous flow. This case includes simultaneously three mechanisms: burst-release, diffusion and osmotic pressure, identified beforehand here as being able to contribute to the drug liberation. For this purpose, authors coded the Sequential Quadratic Programming Algorithm to solve the problem of non-linear optimization. The experimental data used to develop the mathematical model obtained from release studies carried out in water solution at 37 °C, for three concentrations of diclofenac and two water flow rates. We discuss the contribution of mechanisms and kinetics by considering two aforementioned parameters and, following that, we obtain the specific-model and compare the calculated results with the experimental results for the reserved cases. The results showed that drug percentage mostly affect the burst release, however flow rate has affected the osmotic release. In addition, release kinetics of all the mechanisms have increased by increasing the values of two considered parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navideh Abbasnezhad
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.K.); (M.S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (F.B.)
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, PIMM, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Mohamed Kebdani
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.K.); (M.S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Mohammadali Shirinbayan
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.K.); (M.S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (F.B.)
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, PIMM, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Stéphane Champmartin
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.K.); (M.S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Abbas Tcharkhtchi
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, PIMM, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Smaine Kouidri
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.K.); (M.S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Farid Bakir
- Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.K.); (M.S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (F.B.)
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6
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Patki M, Palekar S, Nukala PK, Vartak R, Patel K. Overdose and Alcohol Sensitive Immediate Release System (OASIS) for Deterring Accidental Overdose or Abuse of Drugs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 22:9. [PMID: 33241538 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Death from an accidental or intentional overdose of sleeping tablets has increased exponentially in the USA. Furthermore, the simultaneous consumption of sleeping tablets with alcoholic beverages not only intensifies the effect of sleeping tablets but also leads to blackouts, sleepwalking, and death in many cases. In this article, we proposed a unique and innovative technology to prevent multi-tablet and alcohol-associated abuse of sleeping tablet. Agonist- and antagonist-loaded polymeric filaments of appropriate Eudragit® polymers were prepared using hot melt extrusion. Metoprolol tartrate and hydrochlorothiazide were used as model drugs in place of zolpidem tartrate (agonist-BCS class I) and flumazenil (antagonist-BCS class IV), respectively. Crushed filaments were converted into a tablet with a novel rapidly soluble co-processed alkalizing agent. Dissolution studies of single tablet and multiple tablets (5) in fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF) confirmed that the release of the agonist was significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced in multi-tablet dissolution. Furthermore, the release of antagonist was significantly higher when tablet was exposed to FaSSGF+20% ethanol and various alcoholic beverages. Thus, appropriate use of Eudragit® polymer's chemistry could help design a tablet to prevent the release of agonist in case of overdose and simultaneous release of antagonist when consumed with alcohol.
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7
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Meereboer K, Pal AK, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Sustainable PHBV/Cellulose Acetate Blends: Effect of a Chain Extender and a Plasticizer. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14221-14231. [PMID: 32596558 PMCID: PMC7315424 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and cellulose acetate (CA) were blended in the presence of a plasticizer, i.e., triethyl citrate (TEC), and a chain extender, i.e., poly(styrene-acrylic-co-glycidyl methacrylate). To increase the ductility and impact properties of PHBV and to investigate a new biodegradable PHBV-based blend for sustainable packaging, CA was compatibilized with TEC. PHBV and plasticized CA (pCA) blends showed complete immiscibility through separate glass transition and melting peak temperatures in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), despite the similar Hansen solubility parameters of PHBV, CA, and TEC, indicating partial miscibility. Phase separation between PHBV and pCA was clearly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PHBV/pCA (70:30) blends had improved impact strength, exceeding that of neat PHBV and pCA, which is attributed to PHBV porosity induced by degradation from the high processing temperature. During processing, the plasticizer migrated from CA to PHBV and partially plasticized it, as evidenced through DSC analysis. The melt temperature of PHBV was reduced, which was confirmed by double melting peaks, representing the formation of secondary crystallites at a lower temperature. Due to processing at high temperatures (210-220 °C), significant porosity was observed in the PHBV/pCA 30:70 blend in SEM analysis. Consequently, the impact strength was improved by 110% as compared to that of virgin PHBV. The addition of CE had no effect on the mechanical properties but did make the PHBV/pCA blends morphologically uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjeld
W. Meereboer
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Akhilesh K. Pal
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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8
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Fan W, Zhang X, Zhu W, Di L. The Preparation of Curcumin Sustained-Release Solid Dispersion by Hot-Melt Extrusion—Ⅱ. Optimization of Preparation Process and Evaluation In Vitro and In Vivo. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1253-1260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Avgerinos T, Kantiranis N, Panagopoulou A, Malamataris S, Kachrimanis K, Nikolakakis I. Mechanical properties and drug release of venlafaxine HCl solid mini matrices prepared by hot-melt extrusion and hot or ambient compression. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:338-348. [PMID: 29023145 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1391839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective/significance: To elucidate the role of plasticizers in different mini matrices and correlate mechanical properties with drug release. METHODS Cylindrical pellets were prepared by hot-melt extrusion (HME) and mini tablets by hot (HC) and ambient compression (AC). Venlafaxine HCl was the model drug, Eudragit® RSPO the matrix former and citric acid or Lutrol® F127 the plasticizers. The matrices were characterized for morphology, crystallinity, and mechanical properties. The influence of plasticizer's type and content on the extrusion pressure (Pe) during HME and ejection during tableting was examined and the mechanical properties were correlated with drug release parameters. RESULTS Resistance to extrusion and tablet ejection force were reduced by Lutrol® F127 which also produced softer and weaker pellets with faster release, but harder and stronger HC tablets with slower release. HME pellets showed greater tensile strength (T) and 100 times slower release than tablets. Pe correlated with T and resistance to deformation of the corresponding pellets (r2 = 0.963 and 0.945). For both HME and HC matrices the decrease of drug release with T followed a single straight line (r2 = 0.990) and for HME the diffusion coefficient (De) and retreat rate constant (kb) decreased linearly with T (r2 = 0.934 and 0.972). CONCLUSIONS Lutrol® F127 and citric acid are efficient plasticizers and Lutrol® F127 is a thermal binder/lubricant in HC compression. The different bonding mechanisms of the matrices were reflected in the mechanical strength and drug release. Relationships established between T and drug release parameters for HME and HC matrices may be useful during formulation work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Avgerinos
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kantiranis
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Athanasia Panagopoulou
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Stavros Malamataris
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Ioannis Nikolakakis
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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10
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The Use of Binary Polymeric Networks in Stabilizing Polyethylene Oxide Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3064-3072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Yang F, Su Y, Zhang J, DiNunzio J, Leone A, Huang C, Brown CD. Rheology Guided Rational Selection of Processing Temperature To Prepare Copovidone–Nifedipine Amorphous Solid Dispersions via Hot Melt Extrusion (HME). Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3494-3505. [PMID: 27602878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Yang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - James DiNunzio
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Anthony Leone
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Chengbin Huang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chad D. Brown
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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12
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Critical material attributes (CMAs) of strip films loaded with poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles: I. Impact of plasticizer on film properties and dissolution. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 92:146-55. [PMID: 27402100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated polymer films to be a promising platform for delivery of poorly water-soluble drug particles. However, the impact of critical material attributes, for example plasticizer, on the properties of and drug release from such films has yet to be investigated. In response, this study focuses on the impact of plasticizer and plasticizer concentration on properties and dissolution rate of polymer films loaded with poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles. Glycerin, triacetin, and polyethylene glycol were selected as film plasticizers. Griseofulvin was used as a model Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drug and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was used as a film-forming polymer. Griseofulvin nanoparticles were prepared via wet stirred media milling in aqueous suspension. A depression in film glass transition temperature was observed with increasing plasticizer concentration, along with a decrease in film tensile strength and an increase in film elongation, as is typical of plasticizers. However, the type and amount of plasticizer necessary to produce strong yet flexible films had no significant impact on the dissolution rate of the films, suggesting that film mechanical properties can be effectively manipulated with minimal impact on drug release. Griseofulvin nanoparticles were successfully recovered upon redispersion in water regardless of plasticizer or content, even after up to 6months' storage at 40°C and 75% relative humidity, which contributed to similar consistency in dissolution rate after 6months' storage for all films. Good content uniformity (<4% R.S.D. for very small film sample size) was also maintained across all film formulations.
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13
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Low AQJ, Parmentier J, Khong YM, Chai CCE, Tun TY, Berania JE, Liu X, Gokhale R, Chan SY. Effect of type and ratio of solubilising polymer on characteristics of hot-melt extruded orodispersible films. Int J Pharm 2013; 455:138-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Agrawal AM, Dudhedia MS, Patel AD, Raikes MS. Characterization and performance assessment of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion and spray drying process. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:71-81. [PMID: 24013161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated effect of manufacturing methods such as hot melt extrusion (HME) and spray drying (SD) on physicochemical properties, manufacturability, physical stability and product performance of solid dispersion. Solid dispersions of compound X and PVP VA64 (1:2) when prepared by SD and HME process were amorphous by polarized light microscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, and modulated differential scanning calorimetry analyses with a single glass transition temperature. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopic analyses revealed similar molecular level interactions between compound X and PVP VA64 as evident by overlapping FT-IR and FT Raman spectra in SD and HME solid dispersions. The compactibility, tabletability, disintegration and dissolution performance were similar for solid dispersions prepared by both processing techniques. Differences in material properties such as surface area, morphological structure, powder densities, and flow characteristics were observed between SD and HME solid dispersion. The SD solid dispersion was physically less stable compared to HME solid dispersion under accelerated stability conditions. Findings from this study suggest that similar product performance could be obtained if the molecular properties of the solid dispersion processed by two different techniques are similar. However differences in material properties might affect the physical stability of the solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali M Agrawal
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States.
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Rabek CL, Van Stelle R, Dziubla TD, Puleo DA. The effect of plasticizers on the erosion and mechanical properties of polymeric films. J Biomater Appl 2013; 28:779-89. [PMID: 23520360 DOI: 10.1177/0885328213480979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose acetate phthalate and Pluronic F-127 combined together (70:30 wt:wt) create a rigid, surface-eroding association polymer. To impart flexibility into the polymer system and allow for a drug delivery film that can contour to varying wound shapes, plasticizers were added. Triethyl citrate or tributyl citrate was combined with cellulose acetate phthalate and Pluronic F-127 at 0, 10, or 20 wt%. Mechanical analysis was performed on the films as they were prepared and following a 2-h incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. Tensile tests showed that higher plasticizer content increased the % elongation but decreased the elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength. The effect triethyl citrate had on the % elongation was twice as much than that of tributyl citrate. After incubation, % elongation, elastic modulus, and ultimate tensile strength all increased because plasticizer leached out of the films. Microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy were performed on the samples both before and after incubation to determine how erosion and leaching of plasticizer affected the interior and exterior structure of the films. Porosity increased as plasticizer content increased; however, plasticizer content did not have a significant effect on the rate of erosion. The mechanical properties of cellulose acetate phthalate-Pluronic films can be adjusted by the type and amount of plasticizer added to the system and therefore can be tailored for different drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Rabek
- 1Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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16
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Giri TK, Kumar K, Alexander A, Ajazuddin, Badwaik H, Tripathi DK. A novel and alternative approach to controlled release drug delivery system based on solid dispersion technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Dave VS, Fahmy RM, Bensley D, Hoag SW. Eudragit®RS PO/RL PO as rate-controlling matrix-formers via roller compaction: Influence of formulation and process variables on functional attributes of granules and tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 38:1240-53. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.645831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abu-Diak OA, Jones DS, Andrews GP. An Investigation into the Dissolution Properties of Celecoxib Melt Extrudates: Understanding the Role of Polymer Type and Concentration in Stabilizing Supersaturated Drug Concentrations. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1362-71. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200157b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. Abu-Diak
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - David S. Jones
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Gavin P. Andrews
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K
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Development and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of fenretinide-loaded oral mucoadhesive patches for site-specific chemoprevention of oral cancer. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2599-609. [PMID: 21674264 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop fenretinide oral mucoadhesive patch formulations and evaluate their in vitro and in vivo release performance for future site-specific chemoprevention of oral cancer. METHODS Solubilization of fenretinide in simulated saliva (SS) was studied by incorporating nonionic surfactants (Tween® 20 and 80, and Brij® 35 and 98), bile salts (sodium salt of cholic, taurocholic, glycocholic, and deoxycholic acids), phospholipid (lecithin), and novel polymeric solubilizer (Souplus®). Adhesive (polycarbophil: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 4KM) and drug release (Fenretinide/Eudragit® RL PO with or without solubilizers) layers were prepared by solvent casting. Oral mucoadhesive patches were formed by attaching drug and adhesive layers onto backing layer (Tegaderm™ film). Physical state of drug in Eudragit® films was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo fenretinide release from the patch was conducted in SS containing 5%w/v sodium deoxycholate and rabbits, respectively. Fenretinide was quantified by HPLC. RESULTS Tween® 20 and 80, Brij® 98, and sodium deoxycholate exhibited the highest fenretinide solubilization potential among the solubilizers. Drug loading efficiency in Eudragit® films was 90%-97%. XRD suggested fenretinide was amorphous in solubilizer-free and solubilizer-loaded films. Solubilizer-free patch exhibited poor in vitro and in vivo controlled drug release behavior. Increases in drug loading (5-10 wt%) or changes in polymeric matrix permeability did not provide continuous drug release. Co-incorporation of either single or mixed solubilizers in fenretinide/Eudragit® patches, (20 wt% Tween® 20, Tween® 80 and sodium deoxycholate or 20 wt% Tween® 80 + 40 wt% sodium deoxycholate solubilizers) led to significantly improved continuous in vitro/in vivo fenretinide release. CONCLUSION Fenretinide/Eudragit® RL PO patches with 20 wt% Tween® 80 + 40 wt% sodium deoxycholate solubilizers exhibit excellent release behavior for further preclinical and/or clinical evaluation in oral cancer chemoprevention.
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Cassidy CM, Tunney MM, Caldwell DL, Andrews GP, Donnelly RF. Development of novel oral formulations prepared via hot melt extrusion for targeted delivery of photosensitizer to the colon. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:867-76. [PMID: 21375536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colon-residing bacteria, such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Bacteroides fragilis, can cause a range of serious clinical infections. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) may be a novel treatment option for these multidrug resistant organisms. The aim of this study was to formulate a Eudragit®-based drug delivery system, via hot melt extrusion (HME), for targeting colonic release of photosensitizer. The susceptibility of E. faecalis and B. fragilis to PACT mediated by methylene blue (MB), meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine tetra-tosylate (TMP), or 5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl-ester (h-ALA) was determined, with tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO), an oxygen-releasing compound, added in some studies. Results show that, for MB, an average of 30% of the total drug load was released over a 6-h period. For TMP and h-ALA, these values were 50% and 16% respectively. No drug was released in the acidic media. Levels of E. faecalis and B. fragilis were reduced by up to 4.67 and 7.73 logs, respectively, on PACT exposure under anaerobic conditions, with increased kill associated with TCDO. With these formulations, photosensitizer release could potentially be targeted to the colon, and colon-residing pathogens killed by PACT. TCDO could be used in vivo to generate oxygen, which could significantly impact on the success of PACT in the clinic.
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Investigation of triacetin effect on indomethacin release from poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres: Evaluation of interactions using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopies. Int J Pharm 2011; 404:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Almeida A, Possemiers S, Boone M, De Beer T, Quinten T, Van Hoorebeke L, Remon J, Vervaet C. Ethylene vinyl acetate as matrix for oral sustained release dosage forms produced via hot-melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 77:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Himes JE, Riffell JA, Zimmer CA, Zimmer RK. Sperm chemotaxis as revealed with live and synthetic eggs. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2011; 220:1-5. [PMID: 21385951 DOI: 10.1086/bblv220n1p1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization is one of the least understood fundamental biological processes. How sperm search for and find an egg remains enigmatic. Sperm attraction to egg-derived chemical cues may be significant evolutionarily for maintaining species barriers and important ecologically for increasing gamete encounters. New tools are needed, however, to resolve the functional consequences of these dissolved signal molecules. Freshly spawned eggs from red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) naturally release l-tryptophan, which stimulates chemotactic responses by conspecific sperm. Here, microspheres were manufactured to the approximate size and the same shape as female gametes and formulated to emit controlled doses of chemoattractant, imitating natural l-tryptophan release rates. When experimentally tested for effectiveness, male gametes did not distinguish between chemically impregnated mimics and live eggs, demonstrating that l-tryptophan alone is both necessary and sufficient to promote chemotaxis, and confirming the identity of a native sperm attractant. The techniques that we describe can be used to create synthetic eggs for most animal and plant species, including humans. Egg mimics increase the capacity for experimental manipulation and enable realistic studies of sperm behavior even in the absence of female gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Himes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
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Schilling SU, Lirola HL, Shah NH, Waseem Malick A, McGinity JW. Influence of plasticizer type and level on the properties of Eudragit S100 matrix pellets prepared by hot-melt extrusion. J Microencapsul 2010; 27:521-32. [PMID: 20575612 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2010.484105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-type pellets with controlled-release properties may be prepared by hot-melt extrusion applying a single-step, continuous process. However, the manufacture of gastric-resistant pellets is challenging due to the high glass transition temperature of most enteric polymers and an unacceptably high, diffusion-controlled drug release from the matrix during the acidic phase. The objective was to investigate the influence of three plasticizers (triethyl citrate, methylparaben and polyethylene glycol 8000) at two levels (10% or 20%) on the properties of hot-melt extruded Eudragit S100 matrix pellets. Extrusion experiments showed that all plasticizers produced similar reductions in polymer melt viscosity. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the solid state plasticizers were present in the amorphous state. The drug release in acidic medium was influenced by the aqueous solubility of the plasticizer. Less than 10% drug was released after 2 h at pH 1.2 when triethyl citrate or methylparaben was used, independent of the plasticizer level. Drug release at pH 7.4 resulted from polymer dissolution and was not influenced by low levels of plasticizer, but increased significantly at the 20% level. Mechanical testing by diametral compression demonstrated the high tensile strength of the hot-melt extruded pellets that decreased when plasticizers were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra U Schilling
- Drug Dynamics Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Cantor SL, Hoag SW, Augsburger LL. Formulation and Characterization of a Compacted Multiparticulate System for Modified Release of Water-Soluble Drugs—Part II Theophylline and Cimetidine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:568-82. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040802459460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Repka MA, Majumdar S, Kumar Battu S, Srirangam R, Upadhye SB. Applications of hot-melt extrusion for drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 5:1357-76. [PMID: 19040397 DOI: 10.1517/17425240802583421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In today's pharmaceutical arena, it is estimated that more than 40% of new chemical entities produced during drug discovery efforts exhibit poor solubility characteristics. However, over the last decade hot-melt extrusion (HME) has emerged as a powerful processing technology for drug delivery and has opened the door to a host of molecules previously considered unviable as drugs. HME is considered to be an efficient technique in developing solid molecular dispersions and has been demonstrated to provide sustained, modified and targeted drug delivery resulting in improved bioavailability. This article reviews the range of HME applications for pharmaceutical dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, films and implants for drug delivery through oral, transdermal, transmucosal, transungual, as well as other routes of administration. Interest in HME as a pharmaceutical process continues to grow and the potential of automation and reduction of capital investment and labor costs have made this technique worthy of consideration as a drug delivery solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Repka
- The University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Kibria G, Roni MA, Absar MS, Jalil RU. Effect of plasticizer on release kinetics of diclofenac sodium pellets coated with Eudragit RS 30 D. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:1240-6. [PMID: 19101805 PMCID: PMC2628260 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of two plasticizers, i.e., triethyl citrate (TEC) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) on the in vitro release kinetics of diclofenac sodium from sustained-release pellets. Ammonio methacrylate copolymer type B (Eudragit RS 30 D) is used as the release-retarding polymer. Both plasticizers were used at 10% and 15% (w/w) of Eudragit RS 30 D. Pellets were prepared by powder layering technology and coated with Eudragit RS 30 D by air suspension technique. Thermal properties of drug and drug-loaded beads were studied using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). DSC thermogram represented the identity of raw materials and exhibited no interaction or complexation between the active and excipients used in the pelletization process. Dissolution study was performed by using USP apparatus 1. No significant difference was observed among the physical properties of the coated pellets of different batches. When dissolution was performed as pure drug, about 8.22% and 90% drug was dissolved at 2 h in 0.1 N HCl and at 30 min in buffer (pH 6.8), respectively. From all formulations, the release of drug in acid media was very negligible (maximum 1.8 +/- 0.08% at 2 h) but in buffer only 12% and 30% drug was released at 10 h from coated pellets containing TEC and PEG 6000, respectively, indicating that Eudragit RS 30 D significantly retards the drug release rate and that drug release was varied according to the type and amount of plasticizers used. The amount of TEC in coating formulation significantly effected drug release (p < 0.001), but the effect of PEG 6000 was not significant. Formulations containing PEG 6000 released more drug (98.35 +/- 2.35%) than TEC (68.01 +/- 1.04%) after 24 h. Different kinetic models like zero order, first order, and Higuchi were used for fitting drug release pattern. Zero order model fitted best for diclofenac release in all formulations. Drug release mechanism was derived with Korsmeyer equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Kibria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Monzurul Amin Roni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriarul Absar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Reza-ul Jalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
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Citric acid monohydrate as a release-modifying agent in melt extruded matrix tablets. Int J Pharm 2008; 361:158-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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