Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Relation Between Parenting and Preschoolers' Externalizing Behaviors

ADHD in Black Youth: A Content Analysis of Empirical Research from 1972 to 2023

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this content analysis study was to characterize patterns of research on Black youth with ADHD.

METHOD

Relevant articles were identified through searching psychology and medical databases and cross-referencing citations in previously published review articles. The 204 empirical articles included in this study (1) were conducted in the United States, (2) had a predominantly child or adolescent sample, (3) had more than 80% Black youth/families in the study sample and/or conducted separate analyses for Black youth/families, and (4) examined ADHD symptoms or diagnoses. Articles were categorized into five primary content areas: Assessment, Treatment, Perceptions, Prevalence, and Associated Correlates. Journal characteristics, sample characteristics, and methodological characteristics are presented across these content areas.

RESULTS

Findings show a relatively low representation of Black youth with ADHD in the literature, with most studies using race comparative approaches and secondary data analyses, and many being published in medical journals.

CONCLUSION

Based on these results, changes are recommended both at the individual study and broader systems levels (e.g., funding agencies). More research, funding, and publications centering Black youth with ADHD are vital to understanding and correcting long-standing health disparities for this community.

Cultural values, parenting, and child adjustment in the United States

We examined whether cultural values, conformity and parenting behaviours were related to child adjustment in middle childhood in the United States. White, Black and Latino mothers (n = 273), fathers (n = 182) and their children (n = 272) reported on parental individualism and collectivism, conformity values, parental warmth, monitoring, family obligation expectations, and child internalising and externalising behaviours. Mean differences, bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed on variables of interest. Collectivism in mothers and fathers was associated with family obligation expectations and parental warmth. Fathers with higher conformity values had higher expectations of children's family obligations. Child internalising and externalising behaviours were greater when Latino families subscribed to individualistic values. These results are discussed in the context of cultural values, protective and promotive factors of behaviour, and race/ethnicity in the United States.

RatDEGdb: a knowledge base of differentially expressed genes in the rat as a model object in biomedical research

The animal models used in biomedical research cover virtually every human disease. RatDEGdb, a knowledge base of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the rat as a model object in biomedical research is a collection of published data on gene expression in rat strains simulating arterial hypertension, age-related diseases, psychopathological conditions and other human afflictions. The current release contains information on 25,101 DEGs representing 14,320 unique rat genes that change transcription levels in 21 tissues of 10 genetic rat strains used as models of 11 human diseases based on 45 original scientific papers. RatDEGdb is novel in that, unlike any other biomedical database, it offers the manually curated annotations of DEGs in model rats with the use of independent clinical data on equal changes in the expression of homologous genes revealed in people with pathologies. The rat DEGs put in RatDEGdb were annotated with equal changes in the expression of their human homologs in affected people. In its current release, RatDEGdb contains 94,873 such annotations for 321 human genes in 836 diseases based on 959 original scientific papers found in the current PubMed. RatDEGdb may be interesting first of all to human geneticists, molecular biologists, clinical physicians, genetic advisors as well as experts in biopharmaceutics, bioinformatics and personalized genomics. RatDEGdb is publicly available at https://www.sysbio.ru/RatDEGdb.