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Cao X, Zheng N. How Does Disgust Affect Mpox Prevention? Examining the Underlying Mechanisms of Perceived Severity and Perceived Susceptibility Moderated by Stigma. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38916051 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2364377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to examine the influencing mechanism of incidental exposure to Disgusting Graphics Information (DGI) about Monkeypox (Mpox) on the intention of prevention behavior. This study first investigates the components of disgust and then examines the mechanism of disgust's influence. The study uses a cross-sectional survey design among respondents who have been incidentally exposed to DGI about Mpox (N = 368). The results showed that disgust toward Mpox is the most effective component among other proposed ones (disgust toward graphics, information sources, and patients). Disgust not only positively influences prevention intention, but also indirectly influences prevention intention through perceived severity rather than perceived susceptibility. Moreover, moderated mediation was found, indicating that stigma toward patients prevents people from adopting preventive behaviors. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Cao
- School of Journalism and Communication, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Nanxiao Zheng
- School of Journalism and Communication, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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2
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Chichester ZA, Jewell MA, LePrevost CE, Lee JGL. The Cost of Diversity: An Analysis of Representation and Cost Barriers in Stock Photo Libraries for Health Education Materials, 2021. Health Promot Pract 2024; 25:346-357. [PMID: 36722257 PMCID: PMC11064461 DOI: 10.1177/15248399221150788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ineffective health communication can drive health disparities and limit the effectiveness of interventions to reduce them. Stock photo libraries are a critical tool for developers of patient education, health education, and intervention materials. It is not clear how well stock photo libraries represent communities bearing disproportionate burdens of disease. METHOD We conducted a search using five popular stock image libraries (Adobe Stock Images, Canva, Getty Images, Microsoft Office Image Library, and Pixabay) in November 2021 to evaluate diversity and representation in health-related stock photos. We searched for the following five key preventive health topics: healthy eating, exercising, quitting smoking, vaccination, and pregnancy. The images (N = 495) were coded for age, gender presentation, representation of perceived minoritized racial/ethnic identity, skin color using the Massey-Martin skin color scale, markers of high socioeconomic status (SES), and access costs. Results. The representation of perceived minoritized people, darker skin color, and inclusion of markers of high SES varied greatly by the search term and library. Images predominately portrayed young adults and adults, with limited representation of other age groups. Images in libraries with any paywall were significantly more likely to depict a person of perceived minoritized racial/ethnic identity and depict darker skin colors, and were significantly less likely to contain markers of high SES identity than images in libraries that were free to use. DISCUSSION We found that it costs more to develop culturally relevant health education materials for minoritized populations and groups that do not represent high SES populations. This may hinder the development of effective communication interventions.
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3
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Jia M, Ju R, Zhu J. Understanding Mental Health Organizations' Instagram Through Visuals: A Content Analysis. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:767-777. [PMID: 36856059 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2185350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the content, visual features, and audience engagement data of Instagram posts from two mental health organizations over one year (N = 725). For content features, mental health literacy and communicative strategies were examined. Posts that promoted knowledge of mental disorders and treatments, used information and community strategy were more likely to receive higher audience engagement. Visual features of demographic segments, visual composition, and visual framing topics were analyzed. Images that covered an unspecific population, used illustrated images, and focused on anti-stigma topical frames obtained more engagement. Theoretical contributions and practical applications regarding visual message design and management on social media to promote mental health are also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyi Jia
- Communication and Media Studies Department, State University of New York at Cortland
| | - Ran Ju
- Department of Public Relations, Mount Royal University
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University
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4
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Hoonakker JD, Adeline-Duflot F, Orcel V, Grudzinski ML, Cognet M, Renard V. Use of visual aids in general practice consultations: A questionnaire-based survey. PEC INNOVATION 2023; 2:100159. [PMID: 37384162 PMCID: PMC10294083 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Visual aids (VAs) seem effective to improve doctor-patient communication. The objective was to describe how VAs are used in consultation and what French general practitioners (GPs) expect of them. Methods Cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire among French GPs in 2019. Descriptive and multinominal logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Of the 376 respondents, 70% used VAs at least weekly and 34% daily; 94% considered VAs useful/very useful; 77% felt they did not use VAs enough. Sketches were the most used VAs and considered the most useful. Younger age was significantly associated with a higher rate of use of simple digital images. VAs were mainly used to describe anatomy and facilitate patient comprehension. Main reasons for not using VAs more often were time spent searching, lack of habit and poor quality of available VAs. Many GPs requested a database of good quality VAs. Conclusions GPs use VAs regularly in consultations but would like to use them more often. Informing GPs of the usefulness of VAs, training them to draw adapted sketches and creating a good quality databank are some possible strategies to increase the use of VAs. Innovation This study described in detail the use of VAs as tool for doctor-patient communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Denis Hoonakker
- Department of General Practice, Faculty of Health, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Multidisciplinary Health Centre of Pays de Nemours, Nemours, France
| | | | - Véronique Orcel
- Department of General Practice, Faculty of Health, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Marie-Louise Grudzinski
- Department of General Practice, Faculty of Health, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Mathilde Cognet
- Department of General Practice, Faculty of Health, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- University Multidisciplinary Health Centre of Sucy-en-Brie, Sucy-en-Brie, France
| | - Vincent Renard
- Department of General Practice, Faculty of Health, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
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5
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Pokharel M, Jensen JD, John KK, Christy KR, Taylor-Burton S, Upshaw S. Visual Tailoring and Skin Cancer Prevention: Comparing Personalized, Stock, and Non-Ultraviolet Images. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:2582-2591. [PMID: 35765121 PMCID: PMC9924001 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2091917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Past research has demonstrated that ultraviolet (UV) photos - which reveal skin damage as dark patches - can increase preventive behaviors. Emerging camera technology facilitates personalized UV photos for interventions, yet little is known about how personalized photos compare to other visuals and what cognitive or affective mechanism explains their persuasive impact. To engage this research line, the current study compared the impact of personalized UV (PUV), stock UV (SUV), and non-UV (NUV) photos and, to advance theorizing on fear appeals, explored underlying affective mechanisms including physiological fear. A sample of 169 undergraduate students participated in a 3 (Visual conditions: PUV, SUV, NUV) × 2 (Efficacy conditions: No efficacy and Efficacy) between-participants message experiment on a computer equipped with iMotions 6.4 that tracked real-time physiological responses (facial expression and skin conductance). Results demonstrated that PUV skin damage photos produced significantly greater self-reported fear and positive valence (detected by facial expression analysis) than NUV and SUV visuals. Mediation analysis demonstrated that fear had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between exposure to PUV skin damage visuals and behavior expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manusheela Pokharel
- Department of Communication Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas
| | - Jakob D. Jensen
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kevin K. John
- School of Communications, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Katheryn R. Christy
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Sean Upshaw
- School of Advertising & Public Relations, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
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Gatting L, Hanna C, Robb K. Prevalence and Characteristics of Pictures in Cancer Screening Information: Content Analysis of UK Print Decision Support Materials. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:1601-1611. [PMID: 34989627 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.2022869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper answers calls for further theoretical work into types of pictures used in health information. Pictures influence message reception, interpretation, and retention, making this an important area for research in health communication. A content analysis was used to produce a systematic and theory-orientated assessment of the use of pictures in cancer screening information materials (N = 44) produced for invitees to either cervical, breast or bowel screening in the United Kingdom. The main categories investigated in this study were function, content and style of the pictures. Pictures used in cancer screening information materials were twice as likely to be used to demonstrate what something looked like or depict a situation (display pictures) than to convey a specific cancer screening message (message pictures). The messages being conveyed were predominantly related to screening procedures (51%) or outcomes (38%) rather than screening experiences (6%) or decisions (9%). Pictures were rarely used to portray a narrative in the materials (n = 12). The paper brings conceptual clarity to the ways pictures can be, and have so far been used, to communicate cancer screening information. This study identifies that pictures conveying a cancer-related message, and pictures in the format of a narrative, should be used more often in print cancer screening communications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathryn Robb
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow
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7
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Biswas S, Hense S, Kodali PB, Thankappan KR. Quality of COVID-19 information, education and communication materials in India: A content analysis. HEALTH EDUCATION JOURNAL 2023; 82:390-402. [PMID: 38603354 PMCID: PMC9996075 DOI: 10.1177/00178969231160952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study examined the characteristics and quality of publicly available COVID-19 information education and communication (IEC) materials in India between March and December 2020. Design An explanatory sequential mixed-method design was employed to examine the characteristics and quality of 265 purposefully selected IEC materials. Setting The IEC materials analysed were those published between March and December 2020 on the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare website, Government of India. Methods A checklist was utilised to examine the quality and characteristics of the materials. Thereafter, qualitative analysis provided insights into the contents of the materials with specific focus on the 'COVID-19 continuum of care'. Results The majority (73.96%, n = 196) of the selected materials were directed towards the general public and had a focus on prevention (67.55 %, n = 179). Despite COVID-19-associated stigma, only 56 (21.13%) of the materials addressed this issue. However, most (95.47%, n = 253) of the materials adhered to quality standards for contents, readability and aesthetics. This qualitative analysis focused on the contents of selected IEC materials using the concept of 'continuum of care'. The analysis identified three important themes: prevention to early diagnosis and treatment; mitigation of stigma and discrimination surrounding COVID-19; and addressing the infodemic caused by COVID-19. Conclusion The quality of materials was mostly satisfactory and appropriate to the emergent requirements. Strengthening audience engagement and attractiveness of the materials might enhance readability and actionability. A bottom-up approach to the development of future IEC materials, involving the community might widen the coverage of vulnerable populations in future crisis events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soniya Biswas
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | - Sibasis Hense
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | - Prakash Babu Kodali
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
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8
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An education resource for human papillomavirus oropharyngeal cancer patients: think-aloud interviews. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:158. [PMID: 36773108 PMCID: PMC9918836 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The human papillomavirus (HPV) is well recognised as a factor in developing oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). A booklet for HPV-OPC patients aimed to deliver evidence-based messages in everyday language, in a way to minimise negative psychological impacts on patients. Our study explored the suitability of the booklet for use. METHODS Participants were recruited through social media and interviewed via Zoom. Participants were shown the booklet and a think-aloud method elicited real-time reactions to the content. Responses were analysed for each section and coded as either for or against for content, with other responses thematically analysed using NVivo. RESULTS The sample comprised 24 participants: patients (n = 19) who completed treatment for HPV-OPC and partners of survivors of HPV-OPC (n = 5). All participants found the booklet useful, and most wished the resource had been available previously. Some indicated the information was new to them. The majority agreed the booklet would be best delivered by their specialist at point of diagnosis and would be a useful resource for friends and family. Most participants gave feedback on improvements to the booklet in terms of comprehension and design. Overall, participants found the content easy to understand. Most participants found that it helped to reduce shame and stigma associated with HPV as a sexually transmitted infection. CONCLUSION An evidence-based booklet for HPV-OPC patients and their partners is acceptable. Implementation may be feasible in routine clinical practice, specifically at time of diagnosis. Adapting the content will help optimise the efficacy of the booklet in facilitating communication between all stakeholders.
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9
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Upshaw SJ, Jensen JD, Giorgi EA, Pokharel M, Lillie HM, Adams DR, John KK, Wu YP, Grossman D. Developing skin cancer education materials for darker skin populations: crowdsourced design, message targeting, and acral lentiginous melanoma. J Behav Med 2022:10.1007/s10865-022-00362-x. [PMID: 36125669 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite decreased susceptibility, darker skin individuals who develop melanoma have worse survival. This disparity in melanoma mortality is the largest for any cancer, and partly driven by a lack of patient education materials targeted to darker skin populations in whom acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the most common subtype. To address this communication disparity, the current study reports a multi-phase design process that leverages crowdsourcing and message testing to develop ALM-focused patient education materials for darker skin populations. Crowdsourced design was utilized to develop a pool of designs (phase 1), the pool was narrowed and thematically analyzed (phase 2), and select designs were evaluated via a message experiment (N = 1877). For darker skin populations, designs that depicted people enhanced knowledge of ALM through message memorability. The current study engages melanoma disparities by providing ALM patient education materials for darker skin populations vetted via a multi-phase process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Upshaw
- Moody College of Communication, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Jakob D Jensen
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Giorgi
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Manusheela Pokharel
- Department of Communication Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Helen M Lillie
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dallin R Adams
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin K John
- School of Communications, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Yelena P Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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10
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Ma Z. The Role of Narrative Pictorial Warning Labels in Communicating Alcohol-Related Cancer Risks. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:1345-1353. [PMID: 33601986 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1888456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the role of pictorial warning labels (PWLs) featuring narrative content in communicating alcohol-related cancer risks. In an online experiment, 169 adult alcohol consumers were randomly assigned to view two narrative PWLs, two non-narrative PWLs, or control. Results showed that exposure to narrative PWLs significantly increased participants' worry about, feelings of risk of, and perceived severity of harm of getting alcohol-related cancer, but did not affect their comparative likelihood of getting alcohol-related cancer or intentions to reduce alcohol use. Exposure to narrative PWLs also indirectly influenced intentions through increased worry. Moreover, participants' risk perceptions and intentions in non-narrative PWLs condition did not differ from those in narrative PWLs and control conditions. Therefore, these findings suggest that narrative PWLs are a promising strategy in informing consumers about the cancer risks of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Ma
- Department of Communication, Journalism, and Public Relations, Oakland University
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11
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Seiter CR. Benefit, Barrier, and Self-Efficacy Messages in Advance Care Planning Education Materials. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:1397-1404. [PMID: 32312095 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1754601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advance care planning patient education materials are informational tools intended to empower patients to engage in preventative behaviors relevant to end-of-life decision-making. Fewer than 30% of patients engage in advance care planning (ACP) and little is known about specific messages relevant to health behavior change in ACP education materials. Using the Health Belief Model as a framework, this study used content analysis to examine both manifest and latent message content in ACP education materials (N = 58), focusing specifically on benefit, barrier, and self-efficacy messages. Results indicated that education materials lack unique, specific benefit, barrier, and self-efficacy messages, which may lower patients' motivation and self-efficacy with regard to ACP. Based on these findings, recommendations for designing ACP education materials in medical organizations are made.
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12
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Sleigh J, Amann J, Schneider M, Vayena E. Qualitative analysis of visual risk communication on twitter during the Covid-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:810. [PMID: 33906626 PMCID: PMC8079223 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic is characterized by uncertainty and constant change, forcing governments and health authorities to ramp up risk communication efforts. Consequently, visuality and social media platforms like Twitter have come to play a vital role in disseminating prevention messages widely. Yet to date, only little is known about what characterizes visual risk communication during the Covid-19 pandemic. To address this gap in the literature, this study's objective was to determine how visual risk communication was used on Twitter to promote the World Health Organisations (WHO) recommended preventative behaviours and how this communication changed over time. METHODS We sourced Twitter's 500 most retweeted Covid-19 messages for each month from January-October 2020 using Crowdbreaks. For inclusion, tweets had to have visuals, be in English, come from verified accounts, and contain one of the keywords 'covid19', 'coronavirus', 'corona', or 'covid'. Following a retrospective approach, we then performed a qualitative content analysis of the 616 tweets meeting inclusion criteria. RESULTS Our results show communication dynamics changed over the course of the pandemic. At the start, most retweeted preventative messages came from the media and health and government institutions, but overall, personal accounts with many followers (51.3%) predominated, and their tweets had the highest spread (10.0%, i.e., retweet count divided by followers). Messages used mostly photographs and images were found to be rich with information. 78.1% of Tweets contained 1-2 preventative messages, whereby 'stay home' and 'wear a mask' frequented most. Although more tweets used health loss framing, health gain messages spread more. CONCLUSION Our findings can inform the didactics of future crisis communication. The results underscore the value of engaging individuals, particularly influencers, as advocates to spread health risk messages and promote solidarity. Further, our findings on the visual characteristic of the most retweeted tweets highlight factors that health and government organisations should consider when creating visual health messages for Twitter. However, that more tweets used the emotive medium of photographs often combined with health loss framing raises concerns about persuasive tactics. More research is needed to understand the implications of framing and its impact on public perceptions and behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sleigh
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Amann
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Schneider
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Effy Vayena
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Yelton B, Brandt HM, Adams SA, Ureda JR, Lead JR, Fedrick D, Lewis K, Kulkarni S, Friedman DB. "Talk About Cancer and Build Healthy Communities": How Visuals Are Starting the Conversation About Breast Cancer Within African-American Communities. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2021; 41:267-274. [PMID: 32660340 PMCID: PMC7854839 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x20942076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
African-American (AA) women are at higher risk of breast cancer mortality than women of other races. Factors influencing breast cancer risk, including exogenous environmental exposures, and debate around timing of exposure and dose-response relationship, can cause misunderstanding. Collaboration with priority populations encourages culturally relevant health messaging that imparts source reliability, influences message adoption, and improves understanding. Through six focus groups with AA individuals in rural and urban counties in the southeastern United States, this study used a community-engaged participatory approach to design an innovative visual tool for disseminating breast cancer information. Results demonstrated that participants were generally aware of environmental breast cancer risks and were willing to share new knowledge with families and community members. Recommended communication channels included pastors, healthcare providers, social media, and the Internet. Participants agreed that a collaboratively designed visual tool serves as a tangible, focused "conversation starter" to promote community prevention and education efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks Yelton
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina
- South Carolina Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network, University of South Carolina
| | - Heather M. Brandt
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina
- Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina
- The Graduate School, University of South Carolina
| | - Swann Arp Adams
- Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Nursing, University of South Carolina
| | | | - Jamie R. Lead
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, University of South Carolina
| | | | - Kaleea Lewis
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Missouri
| | - Shibani Kulkarni
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina
| | - Daniela B. Friedman
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina
- Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina
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Chen J, Tao R, Guo Q. Analysis of the interactive meaning of journalistic images of the human papillomavirus vaccine and the perceptions of female undergraduate students. Int J Nurs Sci 2020; 7:S61-S66. [PMID: 32995381 PMCID: PMC7501498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This paper focuses on the underlying mechanisms of women’s perceptions of persuasive visual health information. Methods In the image viewing process, a separation between the image producer and the image viewer occurs, and the connection between the two is fractured. This mixed method research included modal discourse analysis (coding based on visual grammar theory), an eye tracking experiment, a questionnaire survey, and in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interactive meanings of journalistic images related to the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine were identified through four sets of codes. In addition, the perceptions of female viewers were analyzed. Results In the first set of stimuli, i.e., the infographic, the female participants focused most of their attention on information about the nine-valent HPV vaccine. An analysis of the interactive meaning of two sets of journalistic pictures, i.e., fictional pictures and nonfictional pictures, indicated that the image producers did not implement useful viewer involvement strategies to persuade viewers. Furthermore, female viewers focused their attention on the “similar other” during the viewing process, gazing at the patient the longest as the primary area of interest (AOI). Conclusions The study indicates that the current persuasive visual information about the HPV vaccine needs further improvement due to the high demand for information about HPV from the Chinese female audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxi Chen
- School of Languages and Communication studies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaomin Guo
- School of New Media, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Lee N, Buchanan K, Yu M. Each post matters: a content analysis of #mentalhealth images on Instagram. J Vis Commun Med 2020; 43:128-138. [PMID: 32643457 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2020.1781535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined mental health-related content on a popular visual-based social media platform, Instagram. A content analysis was completed by using the search term '#mentalhealth' on public Instagram posts (N = 758). Our data showed that wellness practices related to mental health (e.g. exercise, healthy eating), anxiety, and depression are the most addressed mental health topics on Instagram. Additionally, posts that mention at least one type of mental health problem seek peer support and engagement from other users at a higher rate compared to posts that do not mention mental health disorder or topic (beyond the search term #mentalhealth). We discussed these findings in detail, as well as their theoretical and practical implications and the limitations of this study. We also suggested avenues for further research to promote evidence-based health communication techniques tailored to current visual-based social media platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namyeon Lee
- School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kelli Buchanan
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mansoo Yu
- School of Social Work, Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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16
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Pokharel M, Christy KR, Jensen JD, Giorgi EA, John KK, Wu YP. Do ultraviolet photos increase sun safe behavior expectations via fear? A randomized controlled trial in a sample of U.S. adults. J Behav Med 2019; 42:401-422. [PMID: 30523504 PMCID: PMC6526068 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-9997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) photos reveal the world in a different light spectrum, including damage that is caused by UV light. In the context of skin cancer control, UV photos have the potential to communicate fear because they reveal underlying skin damage. U.S. adults (N = 2219) were assigned to a 5 (visual: UV skin damage, sun exposure, sunburn, photoaging, and mole removal) × 3 (replication: three examples of each visual condition) × 4 (efficacy: no efficacy, text only, visual, visual + text) randomized controlled trial. Compared to all other visual conditions combined, UV skin damage visuals generated greater fear which triggered increased sun safe behavior expectations. Compared with other visual conditions separately, only mole removal visuals produced equivalent fear as UV skin damage visuals. Visual efficacy conditions appeared to nullify rather than magnify the indirect path through fear. The results suggest one way UV images impact sun safe behavioral expectations is via fear and that researchers should continue to examine the position of fear in fear appeal theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manusheela Pokharel
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, 2618 LNCO, 255 S. Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Katheryn R Christy
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Jakob D Jensen
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, 2618 LNCO, 255 S. Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Giorgi
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, 2618 LNCO, 255 S. Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kevin K John
- School of Communications, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Yelena P Wu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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17
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Buller MK, Bettinghaus EP, Fluharty L, Andersen PA, Slater MD, Henry KL, Liu X, Fullmer S, Buller DB. Improving health communication with photographic images that increase identification in three minority populations. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2019; 34:145-158. [PMID: 30726902 PMCID: PMC6424148 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The homophily principle, that perceived similarities among people produce positive reactions, is a cross-cultural, global phenomenon. This study aimed to test the prediction that photographs that depict models similar to the target population improve health communication by increasing perceived identification in three racial/ethnic populations. Three separate nationally representative stratified samples (n = 1638) of African American, Hispanic and Native American adults were drawn from GfK's Knowledge Panel�. Participants read a message advocating increased physical activity and improved diets and completed measures on behavioral intentions, outcome and self-efficacy expectations and identification. The message contained photographs from a stock photograph service or photographs created for the research project to match the three minority populations, Real Health Photos (RHP). Structural equation modeling confirmed the theoretical hypothesis that RHP which matched the minority population increased behavioral intentions and was mediated by identification (P < 0.05) in all three racial/ethnic minority samples. Messages with only half of the matched RHP images had these same positive indirect effects among African Americans and Hispanics (P < 0.05). The impact of matching visual images in health messages to recipients derived from identification with the characters in images. Homophily and identification are hardwired, evolutionary, biological phenomena that should be capitalized on health educators with minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Buller
- Research Department, Klein Buendel, Inc., Golden, CO, USA
| | | | | | - P A Andersen
- School of Communication, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M D Slater
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - K L Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, USA
| | - X Liu
- Research Department, Klein Buendel, Inc., Golden, CO, USA
| | - S Fullmer
- Research Department, Klein Buendel, Inc., Golden, CO, USA
| | - D B Buller
- Research Department, Klein Buendel, Inc., Golden, CO, USA
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18
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Catalan-Matamoros D, Peñafiel-Saiz C. A visual content analysis of vaccine coverage in the print media. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2453-2459. [PMID: 30852936 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1589289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual imagery is essential in the media and is broadly recognised to increase attention, recall information, improve comprehension and even change adherence to clinical guidelines. Despite the social debate about vaccination, the study of vaccine media images has received little attention. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the visual content of newspaper coverage of vaccines and to identify some key patterns that might be more likely to influence audience understanding. Coverage from 2012 to 2017 about vaccines was retrieved from the flagship Spanish newspapers El Pais and El Mundo. An imagery content analysis was undertaken for 131 articles. Results reveal that images are commonly used in the print media, appearing in 56% (n = 74) of articles about vaccines. Images were mostly located in the top area of the page (p < .001), and each image occupied about 28% of the total surface in the page. Each article included 1 image on average, and 76% (n = 64) of visual resources were photography and the frames 'human interest' and 'conflict' were the most frequent ones. The themes of the images focused most commonly on the action of vaccination, vaccines as such, the biological aspects of the vaccine and research. The study provides descriptive knowledge related to the use of visual contents coverage about vaccines in the print media. We suggest further research on the influence of visual contents in the context of vaccines as well as a collaboration between public health experts and designers to create effective visual contents and messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Catalan-Matamoros
- Department of Journalism and Communication, University Carlos III of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,Research group of Health Sciences CTS-451, University of Almeria , Almeria , Spain
| | - Carmen Peñafiel-Saiz
- Department of Journalism, University of the Basque Country , Bilbao , Spain.,Research Group of Media,Society, Education, University of the Basque Country , Bilbao , Spain
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19
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Lama Y, Chen T, Dredze M, Jamison A, Quinn SC, Broniatowski DA. Discordance Between Human Papillomavirus Twitter Images and Disparities in Human Papillomavirus Risk and Disease in the United States: Mixed-Methods Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e10244. [PMID: 30217792 PMCID: PMC6231890 DOI: 10.2196/10244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer, many of which could have been prevented with vaccination. Yet, the initiation and completion rates of HPV vaccination remain low among these populations. Given the importance of social media platforms for health communication, we examined US-based HPV images on Twitter. We explored inconsistencies between the demographics represented in HPV images and the populations that experience the greatest burden of HPV-related disease. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to observe whether HPV images on Twitter reflect the actual burden of disease by select demographics and determine to what extent Twitter accounts utilized images that reflect the burden of disease in their health communication messages. METHODS We identified 456 image tweets about HPV that contained faces posted by US users between November 11, 2014 and August 8, 2016. We identified images containing at least one human face and utilized Face++ software to automatically extract the gender, age, and race of each face. We manually annotated the source accounts of these tweets into 3 types as follows: government (38/298, 12.8%), organizations (161/298, 54.0%), and individual (99/298, 33.2%) and topics (news, health, and other) to examine how images varied by message source. RESULTS Findings reflected the racial demographics of the US population but not the disease burden (795/1219, 65.22% white faces; 140/1219, 11.48% black faces; 71/1219, 5.82% Asian faces; and 213/1219, 17.47% racially ambiguous faces). Gender disparities were evident in the image faces; 71.70% (874/1219) represented female faces, whereas only 27.89% (340/1219) represented male faces. Among the 11-26 years age group recommended to receive HPV vaccine, HPV images contained more female-only faces (214/616, 34.3%) than males (37/616, 6.0%); the remainder of images included both male and female faces (365/616, 59.3%). Gender and racial disparities were present across different image sources. Faces from government sources were more likely to depict females (n=44) compared with males (n=16). Of male faces, 80% (12/15) of youth and 100% (1/1) of adults were white. News organization sources depicted high proportions of white faces (28/38, 97% of female youth and 12/12, 100% of adult males). Face++ identified fewer faces compared with manual annotation because of limitations with detecting multiple, small, or blurry faces. Nonetheless, Face++ achieved a high degree of accuracy with respect to gender, race, and age compared with manual annotation. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals critical differences between the demographics reflected in HPV images and the actual burden of disease. Racial minorities are less likely to appear in HPV images despite higher rates of HPV incidence. Health communication efforts need to represent populations at risk better if we seek to reduce disparities in HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Lama
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Tao Chen
- Center for Language and Speech Processing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark Dredze
- Center for Language and Speech Processing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amelia Jamison
- Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Sandra Crouse Quinn
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - David A Broniatowski
- Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC, DC, United States
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20
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Park SE, Tang L, Bie B, Zhi D. All pins are not created equal: communicating skin cancer visually on Pinterest. Transl Behav Med 2018; 9:336-346. [DOI: 10.1093/tbm/iby044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Park
- College of Communication and Information Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Communication, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Degui Zhi
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Sylvester BD, Zammit K, Fong AJ, Sabiston CM. An evaluation of the behaviour-change techniques used on Canadian cancer centre Web sites to support physical activity behaviour for breast cancer survivors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:e477-e485. [PMID: 29270056 DOI: 10.3747/co.24.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer centre Web sites can be a useful tool for distributing information about the benefits of physical activity for breast cancer (bca) survivors, and they hold potential for supporting health behaviour change. However, the extent to which cancer centre Web sites use evidence-based behaviour change techniques to foster physical activity behaviour among bca survivors is currently unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presentation of behaviour-change techniques on Canadian cancer centre Web sites to promote physical activity behaviour for bca survivors. Methods All Canadian cancer centre Web sites (n = 39) were evaluated by two raters using the Coventry, Aberdeen, and London-Refined (calo-re) taxonomy of behaviour change techniques and the eEurope 2002 Quality Criteria for Health Related Websites. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results The most common behaviour change techniques used on Web sites were providing information about consequences in general (80%), suggesting goal-setting behaviour (56%), and planning social support or social change (46%). Overall, Canadian cancer centre Web sites presented an average of M = 6.31 behaviour change techniques (of 40 that were coded) to help bca survivors increase their physical activity behaviour. Evidence of quality factors ranged from 90% (sites that provided evidence of readability) to 0% (sites that provided an editorial policy). Conclusions Our results provide preliminary evidence that, of 40 behaviour-change techniques that were coded, fewer than 20% were used to promote physical activity behaviour to bca survivors on cancer centre Web sites, and that the most effective techniques were inconsistently used. On cancer centre Web sites, health promotion specialists could focus on emphasizing knowledge mobilization efforts using available research into behaviour-change techniques to help bca survivors increase their physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Sylvester
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - K Zammit
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - A J Fong
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - C M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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22
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John KK, Jensen JD, King AJ, Ratcliff CL, Grossman D. Do Pattern-Focused Visuals Improve Skin Self-Examination Performance? Explicating the Visual Skill Acquisition Model. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 22:732-742. [PMID: 28759333 PMCID: PMC5657481 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1344750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin self-examination (SSE) consists of routinely checking the body for atypical moles that might be cancerous. Identifying atypical moles is a visual task; thus, SSE training materials utilize pattern-focused visuals to cultivate this skill. Despite widespread use, researchers have yet to explicate how pattern-focused visuals cultivate visual skill. Using eye tracking to capture the visual scanpaths of a sample of laypersons (N = 92), the current study employed a 2 (pattern: ABCDE vs. ugly duckling sign [UDS]) × 2 (presentation: photorealistic images vs. illustrations) factorial design to assess whether and how pattern-focused visuals can increase layperson accuracy in identifying atypical moles. Overall, illustrations resulted in greater sensitivity, while photos resulted in greater specificity. The UDS × photorealistic condition showed greatest specificity. For those in the photo condition with high self-efficacy, UDS increased specificity directly. For those in the photo condition with self-efficacy levels at the mean or lower, there was a conditional indirect effect such that these individuals spent a larger amount of their viewing time observing the atypical moles, and time on target was positively related to specificity. Illustrations provided significant gains in specificity for those with low-to-moderate self-efficacy by increasing total fixation time on the atypical moles. Findings suggest that maximizing visual processing efficiency could enhance existing SSE training techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K John
- a School of Communication , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Jakob D Jensen
- b Department of Communication , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
- c Cancer Control & Population Science Program , Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
| | - Andy J King
- d Department of Public Relations , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas , USA
| | - Chelsea L Ratcliff
- b Department of Communication , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
| | - Douglas Grossman
- e Departments of Dermatology and Oncological Sciences , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
- f Melanoma Disease-Oriented Research Team, Huntsman Cancer Institute , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
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23
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McWhirter JE, Hoffman-Goetz L. Application of the Health Belief Model to U.S. Magazine Text and Image Coverage of Skin Cancer and Recreational Tanning (2000-2012). JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2016; 21:424-438. [PMID: 26940663 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1095819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The health belief model (HBM) has been widely used to inform health education, social marketing, and health communication campaigns. Although the HBM can explain and predict an individual's willingness to engage in positive health behaviors, its application to, and penetration of the underlying constructs into, mass media content has not been well characterized. We examined 574 articles and 905 images about skin cancer and tanning risks, behaviors, and screening from 20 U.S. women's and men's magazines (2000-2012) for the presence of HBM constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Susceptibility (48.1%) and severity (60.3%) information was common in text. Perceived benefits (36.4%) and barriers (41.5%) to prevention of skin cancer were fairly equally mentioned in articles. Self-efficacy (48.4%) focused on sunscreen use. There was little emphasis on HBM constructs related to early detection. Few explicit cues to action about skin cancer appeared in text (12.0%) or images (0.1%). HBM constructs were present to a significantly greater extent in text versus images (e.g., severity, 60.3% vs. 11.3%, respectively, χ(2) = 399.51, p < .0001; benefits prevention, 36.4% vs. 8.0%, respectively, χ(2) = 184.80, p < .0001), suggesting that readers are not visually messaged in ways that would effectively promote skin cancer prevention and early detection behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E McWhirter
- a School of Public Health and Health Systems , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | - Laurie Hoffman-Goetz
- a School of Public Health and Health Systems , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
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24
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Buller MK, Bettinghaus E, Buller DB, Liu X, Fluharty L. Perceived availability of culturally and demographically diverse photographs for health education materials, Colorado, 2010. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12:E24. [PMID: 25719214 PMCID: PMC4344354 DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.140450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An online survey was conducted with health educators in Colorado to ascertain their needs and ability to access relevant stock art photographs for their print and electronic educational media. Health educators were dissatisfied with the cultural and demographic diversity of photographs available from their own sources or from commercial stock art websites. There was a perceived need for more photographs that would better represent their target populations. The health educators believed, furthermore, that representative visual images can help improve their message effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Buller
- President, Klein Buendel, Inc, 1667 Cole Blvd, Ste 225, Golden, CO 80113.
| | | | | | - Xia Liu
- Klein Buendel, Inc, Golden, Colorado
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25
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Lazard A, Mackert M. User evaluations of design complexity: The impact of visual perceptions for effective online health communication. Int J Med Inform 2014; 83:726-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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