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Attia HG, El-Morshedy SM, Nagy AM, Ibrahim AM, Aleraky M, Abdelrahman SS, Osman SM, Alasmari SM, El Raey MA, Abdelhameed MF. Citrus clementine Peel Essential Oil Ameliorates Potassium Dichromate-Induced Lung Injury: Insights into the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Metabolites 2024; 14:68. [PMID: 38276303 PMCID: PMC10818323 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome that has been identified as a potential complication of COVID-19. There is a critical need to shed light on the underlying mechanistic pathways and explore novel therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to examine the potential therapeutic effects of Citrus clementine essential oil (CCEO) in treating potassium dichromate (PDC)-induced ALI. The chemical profile of CCEO was created through GC-MS analysis. An in vivo study in rats was conducted to evaluate the effect of CCEO administrated via two different delivery systems (oral/inhalation) in mitigating acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intranasal instillation of PDC. Eight volatile compounds were identified, with monoterpene hydrocarbons accounting for 97.03% of the identified constituents, including 88.84% of D-limonene. CCEO at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg bw exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These significant antioxidant properties were revealed through the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the restoration of reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, inflammation reduction was observed by decreasing levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and tumor growth factor-β (TNF-α and TGF-β), along with an increase in phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt overexpression in lung tissue homogenate, in both oral and inhalation routes, compared to the PDC-induced group. These results were supported by histopathological studies and immunohistochemical assessment of TGF-β levels in lung tissues. These findings revealed that CCEO plays an integral role in relieving ALI induced by intranasal PDC and suggests it as a promising remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany G. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzan M. El-Morshedy
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Nagy
- Department of Animal Reproduction & AI, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ammar M. Ibrahim
- Applied Medical Sciences College, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.I.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Aleraky
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta 11651, Egypt;
| | - Sahar S. Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Samir M. Osman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Oct. 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt;
| | - Saeed M. Alasmari
- Applied Medical Sciences College, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.I.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Pharmaceutical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Abdelhameed
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
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Tundis R, Xiao J, Silva AS, Carreiró F, Loizzo MR. Health-Promoting Properties and Potential Application in the Food Industry of Citrus medica L. and Citrus × clementina Hort. Ex Tan. Essential Oils and Their Main Constituents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12050991. [PMID: 36903853 PMCID: PMC10005512 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is an important genus in the Rutaceae family, with high medicinal and economic value, and includes important crops such as lemons, orange, grapefruits, limes, etc. The Citrus species is rich sources of carbohydrates, vitamins, dietary fibre, and phytochemicals, mainly including limonoids, flavonoids, terpenes, and carotenoids. Citrus essential oils (EOs) consist of several biologically active compounds mainly belonging to the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes classes. These compounds have demonstrated several health-promoting properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Citrus EOs are obtained mainly from peels, but also from leaves and flowers, and are widely used as flavouring ingredients in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. This review focused on the composition and biological properties of the EOs of Citrus medica L. and Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan and their main constituents, limonene, γ-terpinene, myrcene, linalool, and sabinene. The potential applications in the food industry have been also described. All the articles available in English or with an abstract in English were extracted from different databases such as PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-493246
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de St. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4501-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Carreiró
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de St. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Untargeted Metabolomics of Rind Essential Oils Allowed to Differentiate Two Closely Related Clementine Varieties. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091789. [PMID: 34579322 PMCID: PMC8470288 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical characterization of clementine varieties (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) essential oils (EO) can lead to variety identification and valorization of their potential use in food and aroma industries. The goal of this study was the chemometric discrimination between two very closely related and morphologically identical clementine varieties, Clemenules (NL) and Clemenpons (PO), based on their rind EO, to identify the differential volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to determine their antioxidant capacity. EO rind volatile profile was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in Citrus fruit at different ripening stages grown two independent years in two different locations. Untargeted metabolomics and multivariate data analysis showed an evolution of EO volatile profiles markedly parallel in both varieties. Although EO qualitative composition was identical in both varieties, PLS-DA allowed the identification of characteristic VOCs, quantitatively discriminating them along all the ripening process. PO showed higher accumulation of several mono- and sesquiterpene compounds such as trans-carveol, while NL showed higher levels of aldehyde and alcohol non-terpenoids like dodecanal. Both varieties evinced identical EO antioxidant activities, indicating a similar value for food preservation. Hence, untargeted metabolomics approach based on rind EO volatiles was revealed as a powerful technique able to differentiate between morphologically undistinguishable Citrus varieties.
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Jerković I, Družić J, Marijanović Z, Gugić M, Jokić S, Roje M. GC-FID/MS Profiling of Supercritical CO 2 Extracts of Peels from Citrus aurantium, C. sinensis cv. Washington navel, C. sinensis cv. Tarocco and C. sinensis cv. Doppio Sanguigno from Dubrovnik Area (Croatia). Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The peels of Citrus aurantium L. and Citrus sinensis Osbeck cultivars from the Dubrovnik region (south Croatia) were extracted by supercritical CO2 at 40°C and 10 MPa at 1.76 kg/h to obtain enriched extracts in comparison with simple pressing of the peels. The extracts were analyzed in detail by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS). Relevant similarities among the peel oil compositions of C. aurantium and C. sinensis cultivars were found with limonene predominance (up to 54.3%). The principal oxygenated monoterpenes were linalool (3.0%–5.9%), α-terpineol (0.7%–2.4%), linalyl acetate (0.0%–5.0%), geranyl acetate (0.0%-0.4%), ( Z)-citral (0.0%–1.8%) and ( E)-citral (0.0%–1.9%). Several sesquiterpenes were found with minor percentages. Coumarin derivatives were identified in all the samples among the relevant compounds. Isogeijerin dominated in the peels of C. sinensis cv. Tarocco (15.3%) and C. aurantium (11.2%). Scoparone ranged from 0.1% to 0.5% in all the samples. Bergapten (up to 1.4%), osthole (up to 1.1%) and 7-methoxy-8-(2-formylpropyl)coumarin (up to 1.1%) were found mostly in C. sinensis cv. Doppio Sanguigno. It was possible to indicate a few other differences among the extracts such as higher percentage of linalool, linalyl and geranyl acetates, as well as the abundance of sabinene and isogeijerin in C. aurantium or the occurrence of β-sinensal in C. sinensis cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, N. Tesle 10/V, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Družić
- Department of Mediterranean Crops, University of Dubrovnik, Marka Marojice 4, HR-20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Marijanović
- Department of Food Technology, Marko Marulić Polytechnic in Knin, Petra Krešimira IV 30, HR-22300 Knin, Croatia
| | - Mirko Gugić
- Department of Food Technology, Marko Marulić Polytechnic in Knin, Petra Krešimira IV 30, HR-22300 Knin, Croatia
| | - Stela Jokić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, University of J. J. Strossmayer, Franje Kuhača 18, HR-18000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marin Roje
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Gutiérrez C, Rodríguez JF, Gracia I, de Lucas A, García MT. Modeling the Phase Behavior of Essential Oils in Supercritical CO2 for the Design of a Countercurrent Separation Column. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501834h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla—La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla—La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gracia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla—La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio de Lucas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla—La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M. Teresa García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla—La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain
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