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Attia HG, El-Morshedy SM, Nagy AM, Ibrahim AM, Aleraky M, Abdelrahman SS, Osman SM, Alasmari SM, El Raey MA, Abdelhameed MF. Citrus clementine Peel Essential Oil Ameliorates Potassium Dichromate-Induced Lung Injury: Insights into the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Metabolites 2024; 14:68. [PMID: 38276303 PMCID: PMC10818323 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome that has been identified as a potential complication of COVID-19. There is a critical need to shed light on the underlying mechanistic pathways and explore novel therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to examine the potential therapeutic effects of Citrus clementine essential oil (CCEO) in treating potassium dichromate (PDC)-induced ALI. The chemical profile of CCEO was created through GC-MS analysis. An in vivo study in rats was conducted to evaluate the effect of CCEO administrated via two different delivery systems (oral/inhalation) in mitigating acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intranasal instillation of PDC. Eight volatile compounds were identified, with monoterpene hydrocarbons accounting for 97.03% of the identified constituents, including 88.84% of D-limonene. CCEO at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg bw exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These significant antioxidant properties were revealed through the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the restoration of reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, inflammation reduction was observed by decreasing levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and tumor growth factor-β (TNF-α and TGF-β), along with an increase in phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt overexpression in lung tissue homogenate, in both oral and inhalation routes, compared to the PDC-induced group. These results were supported by histopathological studies and immunohistochemical assessment of TGF-β levels in lung tissues. These findings revealed that CCEO plays an integral role in relieving ALI induced by intranasal PDC and suggests it as a promising remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany G. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzan M. El-Morshedy
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Nagy
- Department of Animal Reproduction & AI, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ammar M. Ibrahim
- Applied Medical Sciences College, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.I.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Aleraky
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta 11651, Egypt;
| | - Sahar S. Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Samir M. Osman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Oct. 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt;
| | - Saeed M. Alasmari
- Applied Medical Sciences College, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.I.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Pharmaceutical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Abdelhameed
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
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Tundis R, Xiao J, Silva AS, Carreiró F, Loizzo MR. Health-Promoting Properties and Potential Application in the Food Industry of Citrus medica L. and Citrus × clementina Hort. Ex Tan. Essential Oils and Their Main Constituents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12050991. [PMID: 36903853 PMCID: PMC10005512 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is an important genus in the Rutaceae family, with high medicinal and economic value, and includes important crops such as lemons, orange, grapefruits, limes, etc. The Citrus species is rich sources of carbohydrates, vitamins, dietary fibre, and phytochemicals, mainly including limonoids, flavonoids, terpenes, and carotenoids. Citrus essential oils (EOs) consist of several biologically active compounds mainly belonging to the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes classes. These compounds have demonstrated several health-promoting properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Citrus EOs are obtained mainly from peels, but also from leaves and flowers, and are widely used as flavouring ingredients in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. This review focused on the composition and biological properties of the EOs of Citrus medica L. and Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan and their main constituents, limonene, γ-terpinene, myrcene, linalool, and sabinene. The potential applications in the food industry have been also described. All the articles available in English or with an abstract in English were extracted from different databases such as PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-493246
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de St. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4501-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Carreiró
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de St. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Nguyen TTT, Nguyen AV, Diep TT, Doan NN, Thi Nguyen TT. Essential oil profiles of seeds, peels, and leaves obtained from Limnocitrus littoralis (Miq.) swingle species, in the Southcentral coast of Vietnam. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2112766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Tu Thi Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Science at Hochiminh city, Hochiminh city, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University at Hochiminh City, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Viet Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Science at Hochiminh city, Hochiminh city, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University at Hochiminh City, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Tai The Diep
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City,Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhuan Ngoc Doan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Science at Hochiminh city, Hochiminh city, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University at Hochiminh City, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao-Tran Thi Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Science at Hochiminh city, Hochiminh city, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University at Hochiminh City, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
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Untargeted Metabolomics of Rind Essential Oils Allowed to Differentiate Two Closely Related Clementine Varieties. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091789. [PMID: 34579322 PMCID: PMC8470288 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical characterization of clementine varieties (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) essential oils (EO) can lead to variety identification and valorization of their potential use in food and aroma industries. The goal of this study was the chemometric discrimination between two very closely related and morphologically identical clementine varieties, Clemenules (NL) and Clemenpons (PO), based on their rind EO, to identify the differential volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to determine their antioxidant capacity. EO rind volatile profile was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in Citrus fruit at different ripening stages grown two independent years in two different locations. Untargeted metabolomics and multivariate data analysis showed an evolution of EO volatile profiles markedly parallel in both varieties. Although EO qualitative composition was identical in both varieties, PLS-DA allowed the identification of characteristic VOCs, quantitatively discriminating them along all the ripening process. PO showed higher accumulation of several mono- and sesquiterpene compounds such as trans-carveol, while NL showed higher levels of aldehyde and alcohol non-terpenoids like dodecanal. Both varieties evinced identical EO antioxidant activities, indicating a similar value for food preservation. Hence, untargeted metabolomics approach based on rind EO volatiles was revealed as a powerful technique able to differentiate between morphologically undistinguishable Citrus varieties.
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Citrus × Clementina Hort. Juice Enriched with Its By-Products (Peels and Leaves): Chemical Composition, In Vitro Bioactivity, and Impact of Processing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040298. [PMID: 32260119 PMCID: PMC7222210 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated a model for the reuse of Citrus × clementina Hort. by-products for the development of a functional drink able to exert antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Juice obtained from fruits collected in three different areas of Calabria (Italy) was analysed. C. × clementina juice from Corigliano Calabro (JF), characterized by the highest content of bioactive compounds and bioactivity, was chosen as a matrix to be enrichment with hydroalcoholic ultrasound-assisted maceration of C. × clementina leaf from Corigliano Calabro (CO2) and ethanol ultrasound-assisted maceration of C. × clementina peel from Cetraro (BC3) extracts at different concentrations. The highest phytochemical content and bioactivities were found in juice enriched with leaf and leaf + peel extracts, with particular reference to antioxidant activity. In order to estimate the effects of pasteurization, 20% (mg/100 mL) enriched juice was subjected to this process. Based on obtained data of bioactivity and sensorial analysis, C. × clementina by-products could be proposed as a promising source of bioactive compounds useful for the formulation of a functional drink for preventing diseases associated with oxidative stress such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Impact of extraction processes on phytochemicals content and biological activity of Citrus × clementina Hort. Ex Tan. leaves: New opportunity for under-utilized food by-products. Food Res Int 2020; 127:108742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Le VD, Tran VT, Dang VS, Nguyen DT, Dang CH, Nguyen TD. Physicochemical characterizations, antimicrobial activity and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of Cinnamomum cassia essential oils. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1700834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van-Dung Le
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vinh-Thien Tran
- Faculty of Geology & Mineral Resources Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van-Su Dang
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Chi-Hien Dang
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Danh Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Sun H, Ni H, Chen F, Jiang Z, Huang G, Yang Y. Effect of oxygen and heating on aromas of pummelo (Citrus maxima) essential oil. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2017.1420553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Gaoling Huang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
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