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Bozari S. In vitro Genotoxicity and In silico Docking Analyses of the Essential Oils of Thuja orientalis. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301643. [PMID: 38072835 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Two main objectives were pursued to assess the reliability of Thuja orientalis essential oils (TOEO). The first objective was to extract TOEO, analyze them by GC-MS, and determine their in vitro genotoxicity against selected plants using the RAPD-PCR method. The second objective was to evaluate the in-silico toxicity of TOEO. The binding sites and energies of each content was calculated against B-DNA. In-silico analyses were performed using a simulation program, AutoDock Vina, and Toxicity Estimation Software Tools. 3-carene, cedrol, and 2-pinene were identified as the predominant components. In vitro studies showed that the TOEO had a more significant impact on reducing genomic stability in wheat compared to the amaranth. The lowest stability was determined as 39.78 % in wheat and 53.58 % in amaranth. Cedrol (-5,7 kcal/mol) and selinene (-5,6 kcal/mol) exhibited the highest binding affinity. The toxicity test indicated that components other than cyclohexene may have toxic effects, none of them were predicted to be mutagenic, and LD50 (mol/kg) values could vary between 1.33 and 1.55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Bozari
- Muş Alparslan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 49250, Mus, Türkiye
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2
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Ivanova S, Pashova S, Dyankov S, Georgieva Y, Ivanov K, Benbassat N, Koleva N, Bozhkova M, Karcheva-Bahchevanska D. Chemical Composition and Future Perspectives of Essential Oil Obtained from a Wild Population of Stachys germanica L. Distributed in the Balkan Mountains in Bulgaria. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:4275213. [PMID: 37942231 PMCID: PMC10630024 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4275213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stachys germanica L. (Lamiaceae) is a plant associated with a rich history in the traditional medicine of Iran, Turkey, and Serbia. However, researchers have not fully investigated the pharmacological potential of the herb, and scientific data on this plant species are limited. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained from the aerial parts of S. germanica L. growing wild in Bulgaria and to perform a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of EOs obtained from the same plant species from other geographical regions. For the evaluation of the chemical profile of the isolated EO, gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectrometry was performed. The most abundant terpene class was oxygenated monoterpenes, which accounted for 59.30% of the total EO composition. The bicyclic monoterpene camphor, as a compound of this class, was identified as the major constituent in the EO, accounting for 52.96% of the total oil composition. The chemical profile of Bulgarian EO is quite different compared to that of EOs from other regions. It is the only one to contain more than 50% camphor. In addition, EO contains significant amounts of the diterpene geranyl p-cymene (10.49%). This is the first study describing the chemical composition of EO from Bulgarian Stachys germanica L., and our results reveal some future perspectives for the evaluation of the biological activity of EO from the studied plant species as a new therapeutic agent or natural remedy targeting different medical conditions. The EO has a promising potential to be used as a biopesticide and repellent as well, an environmentally friendly and safer alternative to standard pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Stela Pashova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislav Dyankov
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Yoana Georgieva
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Kalin Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Niko Benbassat
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Nina Koleva
- Medical College, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Bozhkova
- Medical College, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
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da Costa LS, de Moraes ÂAB, Cruz JN, Mali SN, Almeida LQ, do Nascimento LD, Ferreira OO, Varela ELP, Percário S, de Oliveira MS, Andrade EHDA. First Report on the Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Preliminary Toxicity to Artemia salina L. of Croton campinarensis Secco, A. Rosário & PE Berry (Euphorbiaceae) Essential Oil, and In Silico Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122410. [PMID: 36552618 PMCID: PMC9774510 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Croton campinarensis Secco, A. Rosário & PE Berry is an aromatic species recently discovered in the Amazon region. This study first reports the chemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and preliminary toxicity to A. salina Leach of the essential oil (EO) of this species. The phytochemical profile of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC/MS) and (GC-FID). The antioxidant capacity of the EO was measured by its inhibition of ABTS•+ and DPPH• radicals. Molecular modeling was used to evaluate the mode of interaction of the major compounds with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The results indicate that the EO yield was 0.24%, and germacrene D (26.95%), bicyclogermacrene (17.08%), (E)-caryophyllene (17.06%), and δ-elemene (7.59%) were the major compounds of the EO sample. The EO showed a TEAC of 0.55 ± 0.04 mM·L-1 for the reduction of the ABTS•+ radical and 1.88 ± 0.08 mM·L-1 for the reduction of the DPPH• radical. Regarding preliminary toxicity, the EO was classified as toxic in the bioassay with A. salina (LC50 = 20.84 ± 4.84 µg·mL-1). Through molecular docking, it was found that the majority of the EO components were able to interact with the binding pocket of AChE, a molecular target related to toxicity evaluated in A. salina models; the main interactions were van der Waals and π-alkyl interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Souza da Costa
- School of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Ângelo Antônio Barbosa de Moraes
- School of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Coordination of Botany, Emílio Goeldi Museum of Pará, Belem 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Jorddy Neves Cruz
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Suraj N. Mali
- Department of Pharmacy, Government College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Karad 415124, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lorena Queiroz Almeida
- School of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Coordination of Botany, Emílio Goeldi Museum of Pará, Belem 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Everton Luiz Pompeu Varela
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sandro Percário
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Coordination of Botany, Emílio Goeldi Museum of Pará, Belem 66077-830, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Huo G, Li X, Abubaker MA, Liang T, Zhang J, Chen X. A Composition Analysis and an Antibacterial Activity Mechanism Exploration of Essential Oil Obtained from Artemisia giraldii Pamp. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27217300. [PMID: 36364129 PMCID: PMC9656732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to use the GC-MS technique to explore the chemical components of Artemisia giraldii Pamp essential oil (AgEo) and to uncover its antibacterial activity, specifically the antibacterial mechanism of this essential oil. There were a total of 63 chemical constituents in the AgEo, monoterpenes (10.2%) and sesquiterpenes (30.14%) were found to be the most common chemical components, with camphor (15.68%) coming in first, followed by germacrene D. (15.29%). AgEo displayed significant reducing power and good scavenging ability on hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, and 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) radicals, according to antioxidant data. The diameter of the inhibition zone (DIZ) of AgEo against S. aureus and E. coli was (14.00 ± 1.00) mm and (16.33 ± 1.53) mm, respectively; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgEo against E. coli and S. aureus was 3 μL/mL and 6 μL/mL, respectively; and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of AgEo against E. coli and S. aureus was 6 μL/mL and 12 μL/mL, respectively. The antibacterial curve revealed that 0.5MIC of AgEo may delay bacterial growth while 2MIC of AgEo could totally suppress bacterial growth. The relative conductivity, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, and protein concentration of the bacterial suspension were all higher after the AgEo treatment than in the control group, and increased as the essential oil concentration was raised. In addition, the cell membrane ruptured and atrophy occurred. The study discovered that AgEo is high in active chemicals and can be used as an antibacterial agent against E. coli and S. aureus, which is critical for AgEo's future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiguo Huo
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Gansu Characteristic Plant Active Ingredient Products, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Gansu Characteristic Plant Active Ingredient Products, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mohamed Aamer Abubaker
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Tingyu Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Gansu Characteristic Plant Active Ingredient Products, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Gansu Characteristic Plant Active Ingredient Products, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xuelin Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (X.C.)
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Sharifi-Rad J, Herrera-Bravo J, Semwal P, Painuli S, Badoni H, Ezzat SM, Farid MM, Merghany RM, Aborehab NM, Salem MA, Sen S, Acharya K, Lapava N, Martorell M, Tynybekov B, Calina D, Cho WC. Artemisia spp.: An Update on Its Chemical Composition, Pharmacological and Toxicological Profiles. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5628601. [PMID: 36105486 PMCID: PMC9467740 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5628601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia plants are traditional and ethnopharmacologically used to treat several diseases and in addition in food, spices, and beverages. The genus is widely distributed in all continents except the Antarctica, and traditional medicine has been used as antimalarial, antioxidant, anticancer, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agents. This review is aimed at systematizing scientific data on the geographical distribution, chemical composition, and pharmacological and toxicological profiles of the Artemisia genus. Data from the literature on Artemisia plants were taken using electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Selected papers for this updated study included data about phytochemicals, preclinical pharmacological experimental studies with molecular mechanisms included, clinical studies, and toxicological and safety data. In addition, ancient texts and books were consulted. The essential oils and phytochemicals of the Artemisia genus have reported important biological activities, among them the artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone, with antimalarial activity. Artemisia absinthium L. is one of the most famous Artemisia spp. due to its use in the production of the absinthe drink which is restricted in most countries because of neurotoxicity. The analyzed studies confirmed that Artemisia plants have many traditional and pharmacological applications. However, scientific data are limited to clinical and toxicological research. Therefore, further research is needed on these aspects to understand the full therapeutic potential and molecular pharmacological mechanisms of this medicinal species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- 2Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- 3Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- 4Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed To Be University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- 5Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB), Prem Nagar, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himani Badoni
- 6Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- 7Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- 8Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Mai M. Farid
- 9Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P. O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rana M. Merghany
- 10Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nora M. Aborehab
- 11Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Salem
- 12Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr St., Shibin El Kom, 32511 Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Surjit Sen
- 13Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
- 14Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Diamond Harbour, West Bengal 743331, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- 13Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Natallia Lapava
- 15Medicine Standardization Department, Vitebsk State Medical University, Belarus
| | - Miquel Martorell
- 16Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, And Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- 17Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Bekzat Tynybekov
- 18Department of Biodiversity of Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniela Calina
- 19Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- 20Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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