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Khedhri S, Polito F, Caputo L, De Feo V, Khamassi M, Kochti O, Hamrouni L, Mabrouk Y, Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, Amri I. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Properties, and Anti-Enzymatic Effects of Eucalyptus Essential Oils Sourced from Tunisia. Molecules 2023; 28:7211. [PMID: 37894690 PMCID: PMC10609094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from six Tunisian Eucalyptus species and to evaluate their anti-enzymatic and antibiofilm activities. The EOs were obtained through hydro-distillation of dried leaves and subsequently analyzed using GC/MS. The main class of compounds was constituted by oxygenated monoterpenes, particularly prominent in E. brevifolia (75.7%), E. lehmannii (72.8%), and E. woollsiana (67%). Anti-enzymatic activities against cholinesterases, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. Notably, the E. brevifolia, E. extensa, E. leptophylla, E. patellaris, and E. woollsiana EOs displayed potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (IC50: 0.25-0.60 mg/mL), with E. lehmannii exhibiting lower activity (IC50: 1.2 mg/mL). E. leptophylla and E. brevifolia showed remarkable α-amylase inhibition (IC50: 0.88 mg/mL), while E. brevifolia and E. leptophylla significantly hindered α-glucosidase (IC50 < 30 mg/mL), distinguishing them from other EOs with limited effects. Additionally, the EOs were assessed for their anti-biofilm properties of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The E. extensa EO demonstrated the main antibiofilm effect against E. coli and L. monocytogenes with an inhibition > 80% at 10 mg/mL. These findings could represent a basis for possible further use of Eucalyptus EOs in the treatment of human microbial infections and/or as a coadjutant in preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease and/or diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khedhri
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (S.K.); (M.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Flavio Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (V.D.F.)
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma, 60, 83100 Avellino, Italy (F.F.)
| | - Marwa Khamassi
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (S.K.); (M.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Oumayama Kochti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia; (O.K.); (Y.M.); (I.A.)
| | - Lamia Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (S.K.); (M.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Yassine Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia; (O.K.); (Y.M.); (I.A.)
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma, 60, 83100 Avellino, Italy (F.F.)
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma, 60, 83100 Avellino, Italy (F.F.)
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia; (O.K.); (Y.M.); (I.A.)
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