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Hinds DM, Nick HJ, Vallin TM, Bloomquist LA, Christeson S, Bratcher PE, Cooper EH, Brinton JT, Bosco-Lauth A, White CW. Acute vaping in a golden Syrian hamster causes inflammatory response transcriptomic changes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L525-L535. [PMID: 36041220 PMCID: PMC9602905 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00162.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cigarette vaping is a major aspect of nicotine consumption, especially for children and young adults. Although it is branded as a safer alternative to cigarette smoking, murine and rat models of subacute and chronic e-cigarette vaping exposure have shown many proinflammatory changes in the respiratory tract. An acute vaping exposure paradigm has not been demonstrated in the golden Syrian hamster, and the hamster is a readily available small animal model that has the unique benefit of becoming infected with and transmitting respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, without genetic alteration of the animal or virus. Using a 2-day, whole body vaping exposure protocol in male golden Syrian hamsters, we evaluated serum cotinine, bronchoalveolar lavage cells, lung, and nasal histopathology, and gene expression in the nasopharynx and lung through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Depending on the presence of nonnormality or outliers, statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests. For tests that were statistically significant (P < 0.05), post hoc Tukey-Kramer and Dunn's tests, respectively, were performed to make pairwise comparisons between groups. In nasal tissue, RT-qPCR analysis revealed nicotine-dependent increases in gene expression associated with type 1 inflammation (CCL-5 and CXCL-10), fibrosis [transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)], nicotine-independent increase oxidative stress response (SOD-2), and a nicotine-independent decrease in vasculogenesis/angiogenesis (VEGF-A). In the lung, nicotine-dependent increases in the expression of genes involved in the renin-angiotensin pathway [angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2], coagulation (tissue factor, Serpine-1), extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP-2, MMP-9), type 1 inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α, and CXCL-10), fibrosis (TGF-β and Serpine-1), oxidative stress response (SOD-2), neutrophil extracellular traps release (ELANE), and vasculogenesis and angiogenesis (VEGF-A) were identified. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that the Syrian hamster is a viable model of e-cigarette vaping. In addition, this is the first report that e-cigarette vaping with nicotine can increase tissue factor gene expression in the lung. Our results show that even an acute exposure to e-cigarette vaping causes significant upregulation of mRNAs in the respiratory tract from pathways involving the renin-angiotensin system, coagulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, type 1 inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress response, neutrophil extracellular trap release (NETosis), vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Hinds
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Heidi J. Nick
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado,3Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Tessa M. Vallin
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Leslie A. Bloomquist
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sarah Christeson
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Preston E. Bratcher
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado,3Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Emily H. Cooper
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John T. Brinton
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado,4Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angela Bosco-Lauth
- 5Biomedical Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Carl W. White
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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