1
|
Synthetic Optimizations for Gram-Scale Preparation of 1-O-Methyl d-Glycero-α-d-gluco-heptoside 7-Phosphate from d-Glucose. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217534. [PMID: 36364355 PMCID: PMC9654166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heptose phosphates—unique linkers between endotoxic lipid A and O-antigen in the bacterial membrane—are pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognized by the receptors of the innate immune system. Understanding the mechanisms of immune system activation is important for the development of therapeutic agents to combat infectious diseases and overcome antibiotic resistance. However, in practice, it is difficult to obtain a substantial amount of heptose phosphates for biological studies due to the narrow scope of the reported synthetic procedures. We have optimized and developed an inexpensive and convenient synthesis for the first performed gram-scale production of 1-O-methyl d-glycero-α-d-gluco-heptoside 7-phosphate from readily available d-glucose. Scaling up to such amounts of the product, we have increased the efficiency of the synthesis and reduced the number of steps of the classical route through the direct phosphorylation of the O6,O7-unprotected heptose. The refined method could be of practical value for further biological screening of heptose phosphate derivatives.
Collapse
|
2
|
An aza-nucleoside, fragment-like inhibitor of the DNA repair enzyme alkyladenine glycosylase (AAG). Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115507. [PMID: 32327352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The DNA repair enzyme AAG has been shown in mice to promote tissue necrosis in response to ischaemic reperfusion or treatment with alkylating agents. A chemical probe inhibitor is required for investigations of the biological mechanism causing this phenomenon and as a lead for drugs that are potentially protective against tissue damage from organ failure and transplantation, and alkylative chemotherapy. Herein, we describe the rationale behind the choice of arylmethylpyrrolidines as appropriate aza-nucleoside mimics for an inhibitor followed by their synthesis and the first use of a microplate-based assay for quantification of their inhibition of AAG. We finally report the discovery of an imidazol-4-ylmethylpyrrolidine as a fragment-sized, weak inhibitor of AAG.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsubaki K, Shimooka H, Kitamura M, Okauchi T. Selective Transesterification of 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl Phosphates: Synthesis of Mixed Unsymmetrical Phosphates. Org Lett 2019; 21:9779-9783. [PMID: 31765170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A selective transesterification starting with tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate has been developed. This method involves a three-step substitution for 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy groups and enables the facile synthesis of mixed unsymmetric phosphate triesters from three different alcohols. The substitution of the trifluoroethoxy group at the phosphorus proceeds selectively in the presence of DBU or lithium alkoxides. This method can be applied for the preparation of phospholipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Tsubaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu Institute of Technology , 1-1 Sensui-cho , Tobata , Kitakyushu 804-8550 , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shimooka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu Institute of Technology , 1-1 Sensui-cho , Tobata , Kitakyushu 804-8550 , Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kitamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu Institute of Technology , 1-1 Sensui-cho , Tobata , Kitakyushu 804-8550 , Japan
| | - Tatsuo Okauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu Institute of Technology , 1-1 Sensui-cho , Tobata , Kitakyushu 804-8550 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang H, Ash J, Kang JY. Tf2O-Promoted Activating Strategy of Phosphate Analogues: Synthesis of Mixed Phosphates and Phosphinate. Org Lett 2018; 20:4938-4941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu Road (S), Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey Ash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
| | - Jun Yong Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang H, Denne J, Yang CH, Wang H, Kang JY. Direct Aryloxylation/Alkyloxylation of Dialkyl Phosphonates for the Synthesis of Mixed Phosphonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6624-6628. [PMID: 29660223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the direct functionalization strategy of inertial dialkyl phosphonates with hydroxy compounds to afford diverse mixed phosphonates with good yields and functional-group tolerance has been developed. Mechanistic investigations involving both NMR studies and DFT studies suggest that an unprecedented highly reactive PV species (phosphoryl pyridin-1-ium salt), a key intermediate for this new synthetic transformation, is generated in situ from dialkyl phosphonate in the presence of Tf2 O/pyridine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4003, USA
| | - Johanna Denne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217-3364, USA
| | - Chou-Hsun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217-3364, USA
| | - Haobin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217-3364, USA
| | - Jun Yong Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang H, Denne J, Yang C, Wang H, Kang JY. Direct Aryloxylation/Alkyloxylation of Dialkyl Phosphonates for the Synthesis of Mixed Phosphonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Nevada Las Vegas 4505 South Maryland Parkway Las Vegas NV 89154-4003 USA
| | - Johanna Denne
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA
| | - Chou‐Hsun Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA
| | - Haobin Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA
| | - Jun Yong Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Nevada Las Vegas 4505 South Maryland Parkway Las Vegas NV 89154-4003 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Dax C, Duffieux F, Chabot N, Coincon M, Sygusch J, Michels PAM, Blonski C. Selective irreversible inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Trypanosoma brucei. J Med Chem 2006; 49:1499-502. [PMID: 16509566 DOI: 10.1021/jm050237b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An irreversible competitive inhibitor hydroxynaphthaldehyde phosphate was synthesized that is highly selective against the glycolytic enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Trypanosoma brucei (causative agent of sleeping sickness). Inhibition involves Schiff base formation by the inhibitor aldehyde with Lys116 followed by reaction of the resultant Schiff base with a second residue. Molecular simulations indicate significantly greater molecular geometries conducive for nucleophilic attack in T. brucei aldolase than the mammalian isozyme and suggest Ser48 as the Schiff base modifying residue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Dax
- LSPCMIB, UMR-CNRS 5068, Groupe de Chimie Organique Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, Bat. IIR1, 118 Route de Narbonne 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ladame S, Castilho MS, Silva CHTP, Denier C, Hannaert V, Périé J, Oliva G, Willson M. Crystal structure of Trypanosoma cruzi glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complexed with an analogue of 1,3-bisphospho-d-glyceric acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 270:4574-86. [PMID: 14622286 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report here the first crystal structure of a stable isosteric analogue of 1,3-bisphospho-d-glyceric acid (1,3-BPGA) bound to the catalytic domain of Trypanosoma cruzi glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) in which the two phosphoryl moieties interact with Arg249. This complex possibly illustrates a step of the catalytic process by which Arg249 may induce compression of the product formed, allowing its expulsion from the active site. Structural modifications were introduced into this isosteric analogue and the respective inhibitory effects of the resulting diphosphorylated compounds on T. cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei gGAPDHs were investigated by enzymatic inhibition studies, fluorescence spectroscopy, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular modelling. Despite the high homology between the two trypanomastid gGAPDHs (> 95%), we have identified specific interactions that could be used to design selective irreversible inhibitors against T. cruzi gGAPDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Ladame
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et de Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique UMR-CNRS 5068, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Claustre S, Denier C, Lakhdar-Ghazal F, Lougare A, Lopez C, Chevalier N, Michels PAM, Périé J, Willson M. Exploring the active site of Trypanosoma brucei phosphofructokinase by inhibition studies: specific irreversible inhibition. Biochemistry 2002; 41:10183-93. [PMID: 12162732 DOI: 10.1021/bi020082z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with the phosphofructokinase enzyme (PFK) of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Inhibitors which are analogues of fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) derived from 2,5-anhydromannitol and therefore blocked in a closed conformation, both nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated, were designed. They provided information on this class of ATP-dependent PFK (structurally more similar to PPi-dependent PFKs revealing (i) an ordered mechanism, ATP binding first, inducing an essential conformational change to increase the affinity for F6P, and (ii) a rather hydrophobic environment at the ATP binding site. Nonphosphorylated mannitol derivatives bind at both the ATP and F6P binding sites, whereas the phosphorylated derivatives only bind at the ATP binding site. The inhibitors bearing an aromatic ring substituted at the meta position indicate a polar interaction with lysine 227, which is specific to T. brucei PFK and is replaced by a glycine in human PFK. This lysine can be irreversibly bound, leading to inhibition when an electrophilic carbon atom is beta to the meta position on the ring. This lysine was identified by site-directed mutagenesis. This first example of a specific irreversible inactivation of T. brucei PFK offers an opportunity to develop biologically active compounds against the sleeping sickness, the causative agent of which is the trypanosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Claustre
- Laboratoire Synthèse et Physico Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique UMR-CNRS 5068, Universitè Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|