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King RB. Systematics of stable copper and silver clusters protected by small bite chelating bidentate sulfur and selenium ligands related to their polyhedral cavities: analogies to aliphatic compounds and three-dimensional spherical aromatic systems. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38170867 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03998f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Silver and copper clusters capped by external chelating dithiolate ligands can be classified according to the cavities in their central coinage metal polyhedra. Silver clusters composed exclusively of fused tetrahedra are analogous to simple saturated organic compounds. The only interstitial atom that can be fit into an Ag4 tetrahedron is hydrogen. Silver polyhedra with larger trigonal prismatic or cubic cavities, including highly distorted cubic cavities, can accommodate halide and chalcogenide anions. The still larger 12-vertex icosahedral and cuboctahedral coinage metal cavities can accommodate oxoanions of the types SO32- and SO42- and their heavier congeners or alternatively interstitial coinage or platinum group metals leading to central M'@M12 units. Copper clusters with central cuboctahedra and silver clusters with central icosahedra possessing interstitial metal atoms approximate sphericality and provide examples of electron-rich metal superatoms with an average metal oxidation state of less than +1. Such copper cluster superatoms have two extra electrons corresponding to a filled 1S2 superatomic orbital. The silver cluster superatoms are electron richer with eight extra electrons corresponding to filled 1S2 + 1P6 superatomic orbitals. In these silver clusters seven or eight faces of the central Ag12 icosahedron are capped by additional silver atoms in order to provide these additional electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Zhong YJ, Liao JH, Chiu TH, Wen YS, Liu CW. A New Synthetic Methodology in the Preparation of Bimetallic Chalcogenide Clusters via Cluster-to-Cluster Transformations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175391. [PMID: 34500825 PMCID: PMC8433971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A decanuclear silver chalcogenide cluster, [Ag10(Se){Se2P(OiPr)2}8] (2) was isolated from a hydride-encapsulated silver diisopropyl diselenophosphates, [Ag7(H){Se2P(OiPr)2}6], under thermal condition. The time-dependent NMR spectroscopy showed that 2 was generated at the first three hours and the hydrido silver cluster was completely consumed after thirty-six hours. This method illustrated as cluster-to-cluster transformations can be applied to prepare selenide-centered decanuclear bimetallic clusters, [CuxAg10-x(Se){Se2P(OiPr)2}8] (x = 0-7, 3), via heating [CuxAg7-x(H){Se2P(OiPr)2}6] (x = 1-6) at 60 °C. Compositions of 3 were accurately confirmed by the ESI mass spectrometry. While the crystal 2 revealed two un-identical [Ag10(Se){Se2P(OiPr)2}8] structures in the asymmetric unit, a co-crystal of [Cu3Ag7(Se){Se2P(OiPr)2}8]0.6[Cu4Ag6(Se){Se2P(OiPr)2}8]0.4 ([3a]0.6[3b]0.4) was eventually characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Even though compositions of 2, [3a]0.6[3b]0.4 and the previous published [Ag10(Se){Se2P(OEt)2}8] (1) are quite similar (10 metals, 1 Se2-, 8 ligands), their metal core arrangements are completely different. These results show that different synthetic methods by using different starting reagents can affect the structure of the resulting products, leading to polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (Y.-J.Z.); (J.-H.L.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Jian-Hong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (Y.-J.Z.); (J.-H.L.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Tzu-Hao Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (Y.-J.Z.); (J.-H.L.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Yuh-Sheng Wen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11528, Taiwan;
| | - C. W. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (Y.-J.Z.); (J.-H.L.); (T.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-890-3607
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Chakrahari KK, Silalahi RPB, Liao JH, Kahlal S, Liu YC, Lee JF, Chiang MH, Saillard JY, Liu CW. Synthesis and structural characterization of inverse-coordination clusters from a two-electron superatomic copper nanocluster. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6785-6795. [PMID: 30310611 PMCID: PMC6115619 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized and structurally characterized a series of centred cuboctahedral copper clusters, namely [Cu13{S2CNR2}6{C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR'}4](PF6), 1a-d (where a: R = n Bu, R' = CO2Me; b: R = n Bu, R' = CO2Et; c: R = iPr, R' = CO2Et; d: R = n Pr, R' = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3); [Cu12(μ12-S){S2CNR2}6{C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR'}4], 2a-c; [Cu12(μ12-Cl){S2CNR2}6{C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR'}4](PF6), 3a-e (where e: R = n Bu, R' = Ph); [Cu12(μ12-Br){S2CN n Bu2}6{C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh}4](PF6), 4e; and [Cu12(μ12-Cl)(μ3-Cl){S2CN n Bu2}6{C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CCO2Me}3]+ 5a. Cluster 1a is the first structurally characterized copper cluster having a Cu13 centered cuboctahedral arrangement, a miniature of the bulk copper fcc structure. Furthermore, the partial Cu(0) character in the 2-electron superatoms 1 was confirmed by XANES. Inverse coordination clusters 2-5 are the first examples of copper clusters containing main group elements (Cl, Br, S) with a hyper-coordination number, twelve. A combined theoretical and experimental study was performed, which shows that the central copper (formally Cu1-) in nanoclusters 1 can be replaced by chalcogen/halogen atoms, resulting in the formation of clusters 2-5 which show enhanced luminescence properties and increase in the ionic component of the host-guest interaction as Br ≈ Cl > S > Cu, which is consistent with the Cu-X Wiberg indices. The new compounds have been characterized by ESI-MS, 1H, 13C NMR, IR, UV-visible, emission spectroscopy, and the structures 2a-b, 3d-e, 4e and 5a were established by X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumarvarma Chakrahari
- Department of Chemistry , National Dong Hwa University , No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng , Hualien 97401 , Taiwan , Republic of China .
| | - Rhone P Brocha Silalahi
- Department of Chemistry , National Dong Hwa University , No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng , Hualien 97401 , Taiwan , Republic of China .
| | - Jian-Hong Liao
- Department of Chemistry , National Dong Hwa University , No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng , Hualien 97401 , Taiwan , Republic of China .
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes , CNRS , ISCR-UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Yu-Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11528 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11528 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | | | - C W Liu
- Department of Chemistry , National Dong Hwa University , No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng , Hualien 97401 , Taiwan , Republic of China .
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Liao PK, Chang WS, Lee YC, Liao JH, van Zyl WE, Liu CW. The secondary phosphite selenide, CpFe(CO)2P(Se)(OiPr)2, as an organometalloligand in heterometallic M–Se–P–Fe(Cp)-type complexes [M = Cr(0), W(0), Pd(ii), Pt(ii), Au(i)]. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:5258-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liao PK, Shi DR, Liao JH, Liu CW, Artem'ev AV, Kuimov VA, Gusarova NK, Trofimov BA. Facile Self-Assembly Synthesis and Characterization of Diselenophosphinato Octanuclear CuIClusters Inscribed in a Twelve-Vertex Selenium Polyhedron. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Liao PK, Sarkar B, Chang HW, Wang JC, Liu CW. Facile Entrapment of a Hydride inside the Tetracapped Tetrahedral CuI8 Cage Inscribed in a S12 Icosahedral Framework. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:4089-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ic802288p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Kuei Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan 97401, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bijay Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan 97401, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hao-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan 97401, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ju-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan 97401, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C. W. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan 97401, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Assavathorn N, Davies RP, White AJ. On the role of anion templates for the self-assembly of octanuclear copper(I) dichalcogenophosph(in)ate clusters. Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Santra BK, Chen JL, Sarkar B, Liu CW. The coordination chemistry of selenophosphite ligands. Synthesis and characterization of heterometallic tetranuclear clusters [M{CpFe(CO)2P(Se)(OR)2}3](PF6) (M = Cu, Ag; R = nPr, iPr) and [Cu(μ-X) {CpFe(CO)2P(Se)(OiPr)2}]2 (X = Cl, Br). Dalton Trans 2008:2270-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b717963d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu C, Fang CS, Chuang CW, Lobana TS, Liaw BJ, Wang JC. Oxidative decarbonylation of Mo(CO)6 with [–Se(Se)P(Oi-Pr)2]2 generates the mixed-valent tetranuclear cluster Mo4(μ3-Se)4[Se2P(Oi-Pr)2]6 and a cationic trinuclear cluster [Mo3(μ3-Se)(μ2-Se2)3{Se2P(Oi- Pr)2}3]+. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Davies RP, Martinelli MG, White AJP. Discrete copper(i) clusters with Cu6P6Se6 and Cu6P4Se6 cores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:3240-2. [PMID: 17028756 DOI: 10.1039/b605191j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of chalcogenophosphinites with copper(I) metal salts are shown to yield highly stable, multi-metallic copper-chalcogen based clusters with novel topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK SW7 2AZ.
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