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Wang L, Chen L, Qin Z, Ni K, Li X, Yu Z, Kuang Z, Qin X, Duan H, An J. Application of Iodine as a Catalyst in Aerobic Oxidations: A Sustainable Approach for Thiol Oxidations. Molecules 2023; 28:6789. [PMID: 37836632 PMCID: PMC10574728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine is a well-known oxidant that is widely used in organic syntheses. Thiol oxidation by stoichiometric iodine is one of the most commonly employed strategies for the synthesis of valuable disulfides. While recent advancements in catalytic aerobic oxidation conditions have eliminated the need for stoichiometric oxidants, concerns persist regarding the use of toxic or expensive catalysts. In this study, we discovered that iodine can be used as a cheap, low-toxicity catalyst in the aerobic oxidation of thiols. In the catalytic cycle, iodine can be regenerated via HI oxidation by O2 at 70 °C in EtOAc. This protocol harnesses sustainable oxygen as the terminal oxidant, enabling the conversion of primary and secondary thiols with remarkable efficiency. Notably, all 26 tested thiols, encompassing various sensitive functional groups, were successfully converted into their corresponding disulfides with yields ranging from >66% to 98% at a catalyst loading of 5 mol%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.K.)
| | - Lingxia Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.C.); (Z.Q.); (K.N.); (X.Q.)
| | - Zixuan Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.C.); (Z.Q.); (K.N.); (X.Q.)
| | - Ke Ni
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.C.); (Z.Q.); (K.N.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zichen Kuang
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.K.)
| | - Xinshu Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.C.); (Z.Q.); (K.N.); (X.Q.)
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.K.)
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.C.); (Z.Q.); (K.N.); (X.Q.)
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Gilmer CM, Bowden NB. Reactive Epoxy Nanofiltration Membranes with Disulfide Bonds for the Separation of Multicomponent Chemical Mixtures. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10216-10224. [PMID: 30198005 PMCID: PMC6120735 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the fabrication of organic solvent nanofiltration membranes containing a labile disulfide bond, which is broken by reaction with a chemical stimulus. These membranes are a new generation of smart membranes that have tailored selectivities and flux that can be altered by reacting with a chemical stimulus. The selectivity and flux of chemicals through the membranes was controlled by varying the concentration of disulfide bonds in the membrane. When the disulfide bonds were cleaved, the pores in the membrane became larger and yielded different separation properties. The membrane selectivity was changed by up to 70% and flux was increased up to 5×. The rapid change in selectivity of the membrane allowed for the separation of three-component mixtures. A three-component mixture of 33.3% m-dinitrobenzene, 33.3% triphenylmethane, and 33.3% 1,3,5-tris(diphenylamino)benzene (TDAB) was separated into three different fractions that were significantly enriched in one of the three molecules. The first fraction contained m-dinitrobenzene at 82% purity and 84% yield, the second fraction contained triphenylmethane at 67% purity and 49% yield, and the third fraction contained TDAB at 71% purity and 88% yield.
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