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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian R. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Adamek J, Grymel M, Kuźnik A, Październiok-Holewa A. 1-Aminoalkylphosphonium Derivatives: Smart Synthetic Equivalents of N-Acyliminium-Type Cations, and Maybe Something More: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:1562. [PMID: 35268663 PMCID: PMC8911961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acyliminium-type cations are examples of highly reactive intermediates that are willingly used in organic synthesis in intra- or intermolecular α-amidoalkylation reactions. They are usually generated in situ from their corresponding precursors in the presence of acidic catalysts (Brønsted or Lewis acids). In this context, 1-aminoalkyltriarylphosphonium derivatives deserve particular attention. The positively charged phosphonium moiety located in the immediate vicinity of the N-acyl group significantly facilitates Cα-P+ bond breaking, even without the use of catalyst. Moreover, minor structural modifications of 1-aminoalkyltriarylphosphonium derivatives make it possible to modulate their reactivity in a simple way. Therefore, these types of compounds can be considered as smart synthetic equivalents of N-acyliminium-type cations. This review intends to familiarize a wide audience with the unique properties of 1-aminoalkyltriarylphosphonium derivatives and encourage their wider use in organic synthesis. Hence, the most important methods for the preparation of 1-aminoalkyltriarylphosphonium salts, as well as the area of their potential synthetic utilization, are demonstrated. In particular, the structure-reactivity correlations for the phosphonium salts are discussed. It was shown that 1-aminoalkyltriarylphosphonium salts are not only an interesting alternative to other α-amidoalkylating agents but also can be used in such important transformations as the Wittig reaction or heterocyclizations. Finally, the prospects and limitations of their further applications in synthesis and medicinal chemistry were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Adamek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.G.); (A.K.); (A.P.-H.)
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mirosława Grymel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.G.); (A.K.); (A.P.-H.)
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Kuźnik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.G.); (A.K.); (A.P.-H.)
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Październiok-Holewa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.G.); (A.K.); (A.P.-H.)
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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3
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Abstract
Herein we describe the development and optimization of a two-step procedure for the synthesis of N-protected 1-aminomethylphosphonium salts from imides, amides, carbamates, or lactams. Our “step-by-step” methodology involves the transformation of amide-type substrates to the corresponding hydroxymethyl derivatives, followed by the substitution of the hydroxyl group with a phosphonium moiety. The first step of the described synthesis was conducted based on well-known protocols for hydroxymethylation with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde. In turn, the second (substitution) stage required optimization studies. In general, reactions of amide, carbamate, and lactam derivatives occurred at a temperature of 70 °C in a relatively short time (1 h). On the other hand, N-hydroxymethylimides reacted with triarylphosphonium salts at a much higher temperature (135 °C) and over longer reaction times (as much as 30 h). However, the proposed strategy is very efficient, especially when NaBr is used as a catalyst. Moreover, a simple work-up procedure involving only crystallization afforded good to excellent yields (up to 99%).
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Adamek J, Zieleźny P, Erfurt K. Synthesis of N-Protected 1-Aminoalkylphosphonium Salts from Amides, Carbamates, Lactams, or Imides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5852-5862. [PMID: 33829782 PMCID: PMC8154577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
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This report describes
the development and optimization of the one-pot
method for the synthesis of N-protected 1-aminoalkylphosphonium
salts based on the three-component coupling of aldehydes and either
amides, carbamates, lactams, imides, or urea in the presence of triarylphosphonium
salts. The proposed strategy is very efficient and easy to carry out
even on a larger scale (20 g) in any typical laboratory. Most reactions
occur at temperatures between 50 and 100 °C in a short time (1–2
h) without requiring any catalyst, and simple workup procedures afford
good to excellent yields. The exceptions are condensations with imides,
which require much higher temperatures (150–170 °C) and
longer reaction times (even 30 h). The possibility of carrying out
the synthesis under solvent-free conditions (neat reactions) is also
demonstrated. It is especially important for less reactive substrates
(imides), and reactions required high temperature (or generally harsher
conditions). Finally, we prove the developed one-pot methodology can
be successfully applied for the synthesis of structurally diverse N-protected 1-aminoalkylphosphonium salts. Mechanistic studies
showed the intermediate products of described couplings are 1-hydroxyalkylphosphonium
salts, not N-hydroxyalkylamides, -imides, etc., as
initially expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Adamek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Paulina Zieleźny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Walęcka-Kurczyk A, Walczak K, Kuźnik A, Stecko S, Październiok-Holewa A. The Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonates via Enantioselective Organocatalytic Reaction of 1-( N-Acylamino)alkylphosphonium Salts with Dimethyl Phosphite. Molecules 2020; 25:E405. [PMID: 31963713 PMCID: PMC7024258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Aminophosphonic acids are phosphorus analogues of α-amino acids. Compounds of this type find numerous applications in medicine and crop protection due to their unique biological activities. A crucial factor in these activities is the configuration of the stereoisomers. Only a few methods of stereoselective transformation of α-amino acids into their phosphorus analogues are known so far and all of them are based on asymmetric induction, thus involving the use of a chiral substrate. In contrast, we have focused our efforts on the development of an effective method for this type of transformation using a racemic mixture of starting N-protected α-amino acids and a chiral catalyst. Herein, a simple and efficient stereoselective organocatalytic α-amidoalkylation of dimethyl phosphite by 1-(N-acylamino)alkyltriphenylphosphonium salts to enantiomerically enriched α-aminophosphonates is reported. Using 5 mol% of chiral quinine- or hydroquinine-derived quaternary ammonium salts provides final products in very good yields up to 98% and with up to 92% ee. The starting phosphonium salts were easily obtained from α-amino acid derivatives by decarboxylative methoxylation and subsequent substitution with triphenylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate. The appropriate self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) test for selected α-aminophosphonate derivatives via achiral flash chromatography was performed to confirm the reliability of the enantioselectivity results that were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Walęcka-Kurczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.W.-K.); (K.W.); (A.K.)
- Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Walczak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.W.-K.); (K.W.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kuźnik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.W.-K.); (K.W.); (A.K.)
- Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Stecko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Październiok-Holewa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.W.-K.); (K.W.); (A.K.)
- Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Michaelis-Arbuzov-Type Reaction of 1-Imidoalkyltriarylphosphonium Salts with Selected Phosphorus Nucleophiles. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24183405. [PMID: 31546826 PMCID: PMC6767244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Michaelis-Arbuzov-type reaction of 1-imidoalkyltriarylphosphonium salts with phosphites, phosphonites, and phosphinites was used in the synthesis of a wide range of phosphorus analogs of α-amino acids such as 1-imidoalkylphosphonates, 1-imidoalkylphosphinates, and 1-imidoalkylphosphine oxides. Large differences were observed in the reactivity of substrates depending on their structure, especially on the type of phosphonium moiety and N-protecting group. The conditions under which the expected products can be obtained in good to excellent yields have been developed. Mechanistic aspects of the transformation have been provided.
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Październiok-Holewa A, Walęcka-Kurczyk A, Musioł S, Stecko S. Catalyst-free Mannich-type reaction of 1-(N-acylamino)alkyltriphenylphosphonium salts with silyl enolates. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Adamek J, Węgrzyk A. Catalyst-free Friedel-Crafts reaction of 1-(N-acylamino)- and 1-imidoalkyltriarylphosphonium salts with arenes. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1542398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Adamek
- 1Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- 2Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Węgrzyk
- 1Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- 2Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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9
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Adamek J, Węgrzyk A, Kończewicz J, Walczak K, Erfurt K. 1-( N-Acylamino)alkyltriarylphosphonium Salts with Weakened C α-P⁺ Bond Strength-Synthetic Applications. Molecules 2018; 23:E2453. [PMID: 30257468 PMCID: PMC6222910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-amidoalkylating properties of 1-(N-acylamino)alkyltriarylphosphonium salts with weakened Cα-P⁺ bond strength are discussed and examined. It is demonstrated that such type of phosphonium salts reacts smoothly with a diverse array of carbon- and heteroatom-based nucleophiles, including 1-morpholinocyclohexene, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, benzotriazole sodium salt, p-toluenesulfinate sodium salt, benzylamine, triarylphosphines, and other P-nucleophiles. Reactions are conducted at room temperature, in a short time (5⁻15 min) and mostly without catalysts. Simple work-up procedures result in good or very good yields of products. The structures of known compounds were established by spectroscopic methods and all new compounds have been fully characterized using ¹H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR, IR spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Mechanistic aspects of described transformations are also performed and discussed. It was demonstrated that unique properties make 1-(N-acylamino)alkyl-triarylphosphonium salts with weakened Cα-P⁺ bond strength interesting building blocks with great potential, especially in α-amidoalkylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Adamek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Anna Węgrzyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kończewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Walczak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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10
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1-( N -Acylamino)-1-triphenylphosphoniumalkylphosphonates: General synthesis and prospects for further synthetic applications. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Catalyst-free Friedel-Crafts reaction of 1-(N-acylamino)alkyltriarylphosphonium salts with electron-rich arenes. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Adamek J, Mazurkiewicz R, Węgrzyk A, Erfurt K. 1-Imidoalkylphosphonium salts with modulated C α-P + bond strength: synthesis and application as new active α-imidoalkylating agents. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1446-1455. [PMID: 28845187 PMCID: PMC5550811 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective synthesis of the hitherto unknown 1-imidoalkylphosphonium salts has been developed in the reported study. The crucial step in the method included the decarboxylative α-methoxylation of N-phthaloyl- or N-succinylamino acids to the corresponding N-(1-methoxyalkyl)imides, followed by the displacement of the methoxy group by the triarylphosphonium group through melting of the imide derivative with triarylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate. The imidoalkylating properties of the obtained 1-imidoalkylphosphonium salts were tested using the Tscherniac-Einhorn-type reaction with aromatic hydrocarbons as a model reaction. It was found that the Cα-P+ bond strength can be considerably reduced and the imidoalkylation of arenes can be markedly facilitated using 1-imidoalkylphosphonium salts derived from triarylphosphines with electron-withdrawing substituents such as tris(m-chorophenyl)phosphine, tris(p-chlorophenyl)phosphine and tris[p-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphine. Microwave irradiation also considerably facilitates the cleavage of the highly polar Cα-P+ bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Adamek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Centre of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roman Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Centre of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Węgrzyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Centre of Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Adamek J, Mazurkiewicz R, Październiok-Holewa A, Grymel M, Kuźnik A, Zielińska K. 1-(N-Acylamino)alkyl Sulfones from N-Acyl-α-amino Acids or N-Alkylamides. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2765-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Adamek
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roman Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Październiok-Holewa
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mirosława Grymel
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Kuźnik
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zielińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Mazurkiewicz R, Październiok-Holewa A, Adamek J, Zielińska K. α-Amidoalkylating Agents. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420160-6.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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