4-Imidazol-1-yl-butane-1-sulfonic acid ionic liquid: Synthesis, structural analysis, physical properties and catalytic application as dual solvent-catalyst

Synthesis, Characterisation, and Determination of Physical Properties of New Two-Protonic Acid Ionic Liquid and its Catalytic Application in the Esterification

A new ionic liquid was synthesised, and its chemical structure was elucidated by FT-IR, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and mass analyses. Some physical properties, thermal behaviour, and thermal stability of this ionic liquid were investigated. The formation of a two-protonic acid salt namely 4,4′-trimethylene-N,N′-dipiperidinium sulfate instead of 4,4′-trimethylene-N,N′-dipiperidinium hydrogensulfate was evidenced by NMR analyses. The catalytic activity of this ionic liquid was demonstrated in the esterification reaction of n-butanol and glacial acetic acid under different conditions. The desired acetate was obtained in 62–88% yield without using a Dean–Stark apparatus under optimal conditions of 10 mol-% of the ionic liquid, an alcohol to glacial acetic acid mole ratio of 1.3:1.0, a temperature of 75–100°C, and a reaction time of 4h. α-Tocopherol (α-TCP), a highly efficient form of vitamin E, was also treated with glacial acetic acid in the presence of the ionic liquid, and O-acetyl-α-tocopherol (Ac-TCP) was obtained in 88.4% yield. The separation of esters was conducted during workup without the utilisation of high-cost column chromatography. The residue and ionic liquid were used in subsequent runs after the extraction of desired products. The ionic liquid exhibited high catalytic activity even after five runs with no significant change in its chemical structure and catalytic efficiency.

1H,4H-Piperazine-diium Dichlorosulfonate: Structure Elucidation and its Dual Solvent–Catalyst Activity for the Synthesis of New Dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Scaffolds

A new ionic liquid containing a 1H,4H-piperazine-diium ring and chlorosulfonate as a 1,4-dicationic core and counter ion, respectively, was designed and synthesised. The structure elucidation of this ionic liquid was conducted by 1D and 2D NMR, FT-IR, Raman, and mass spectrum analysis. The physical properties of this ionic liquid were determined and reported. Furthermore, the dual solvent–catalyst activity of piperazine-1,4-diium dichlorosulfonate was investigated for the synthesis of new dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines through a one-pot three-component reaction. The ionic liquid was retrieved and reused several times without reducing its catalytic efficiency.