Singh AK, Italiya KS, Narisepalli S, Chitkara D, Mittal A. Role of Chain Length and Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in the Physicochemical and Pharmacological Behavior of Drug-Fatty Acid Conjugates in Diabetes.
J Med Chem 2021;
64:14217-14229. [PMID:
34581574 DOI:
10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00391]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several drug-fatty acid (FA) prodrugs have been reported to exhibit desirable physicochemical and pharmacological profile; however, comparative beneficial effects rendered by different FAs have not been explored. In the present study, four different FAs (linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and α-lipoic acid) were selected based on their chain length and degree of unsaturation and conjugated to Lisofylline (LSF), an antidiabetic molecule to obtain different drug-FA prodrugs and characterized for molecular weight, hydrophobicity, purity, self-assembly, and efficacy in vitro and in vivo in type 1 diabetes model. Prodrugs demonstrated a 2- to 6-fold increase in the plasma half-life of LSF. Diabetic animals treated with prodrugs, once daily for 5 weeks, maintained a steady fasting blood glucose level with a significant increase in insulin level, considerable restoration of biochemical parameters, and preserved β-cells integrity. Among the different LSF-FA prodrugs, LSF-OA and LSF-PA demonstrated the most favorable physicochemical, systemic pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles.
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