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Holthoff JM, Engelage E, Ruff A, Galazzo L, Bordignon E, Huber SM, Weiss R. A Potent Auto-Umpolung Ligand for Conjugative Radical Stabilization. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203149. [PMID: 36239437 PMCID: PMC10099569 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbenes with conjugatively connected redox system act as "auto-umpolung" ligands. Due to their electronic flexibility, they should also be particularly suitable to stabilize open-shell species. Herein, the first neutral radical of such sort is described in form of a dialkylamino-substituted bis(dicyanomethylene)cyclopropanide. Despite the absence of steric shielding, the radical is stable for an extended amount of time and was consequently characterized in solution via EPR measurements. These data and accompanying X-ray structural analyses indicate that the radical species is in equilibrium with aggregates (formed via π-stacking) and dimers (obtained via σ-bond formation between methylene carbons).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Holthoff
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elric Engelage
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Adrian Ruff
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,PPG Packaging Analytical Labs, PPG Deutschland Business Support GmbH, Erlenbrunnenstr. 20, 72411, Bodelshausen, Germany
| | - Laura Galazzo
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Physical Chemistry (Sciences II), Université de Genève 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Bordignon
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Physical Chemistry (Sciences II), Université de Genève 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Stefan M Huber
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Weiss
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Yusufujiang A, Kerim A. A study on the aromaticity and ring currents of polycyclic neutral oxocarbon isomers. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ablikim Kerim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang China
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Zhang J, Hrovat DA, Sun Z, Bao X, Borden WT, Wang XB. The Ground State of (CS)4 Is Different from That of (CO)4: An Experimental Test of a Computational Prediction by Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7841-6. [PMID: 23886029 DOI: 10.1021/jp406160d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision
Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Physical Sciences
Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999,
MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David A. Hrovat
- Department of Chemistry and
the Center for Advanced, Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070,
Denton, Texas 76203-5070, United States
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision
Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123,
China
| | - Weston Thatcher Borden
- Department of Chemistry and
the Center for Advanced, Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070,
Denton, Texas 76203-5070, United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences
Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999,
MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Bao X, Hrovat DA, Borden WT. Like (CO)4, Do (CS)4and (CSe)4Have a Triplet Ground State? Chemistry 2013; 19:5687-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chen Z, Sutton LR, Moran D, Hirsch A, Thiel W, Schleyer PVR. A Theoretical and Structural Investigation of Thiocarbon Anions. J Org Chem 2003; 68:8808-14. [PMID: 14604348 DOI: 10.1021/jo035144l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory energies, geometries, and population analyses as well as nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) have been used to investigate the structural and magnetic evidence for cyclic CnSn(2-) and CnSn (n = 3-6) electron delocalization. Localized molecular orbital contributions to NICS, computed by the individual gauge for localized orbitals method, dissect pi effects from the sigma single bonds and lone pair influences. CnSn(2-) (n = 3-5) structures in Dnh symmetry are minima. Their aromaticity decreases with increasing ring size. C3S3(2-) is both sigma and pi aromatic, while C4S4(2-) and C5S5(2-) are much less aromatic. NICS(0)pi, the C-C(pi) contribution to NICS(0) (i.e., at the ring center), decreases gradually with ring size. In contrast, cyclic C6S6(2-) prefers D2h symmetry due to the balance between aromaticity, strain energy, and the S-S bond energies and is as aromatic as benzene. The theoretical prediction that C6S6(6-) has D6h minima was confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. Comparisons between thiocarbons and oxocarbons based on dissected NICS analysis show that CnSn(2-) (n = 3-5) and C6S6(6-) are less aromatic in Dnh symmetry than their oxocarbon analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfang Chen
- Computational Chemistry Annex, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2525, USA.
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Castro I, Calatayud ML, Sletten J, Lloret F, Cano J, Julve M, Seitz G, Mann K. Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Coupling through 1,n-Dithiosquarate Bridges (n = 2, 3) in Copper(II) Dimers. Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of [Cu(2)(bpca)(2)(1,2-dtsq)(H(2)O)].2H(2)O and [Cu(2)(bpca)(2)(1,3-dtsq)].2H(2)O. Inorg Chem 1999; 38:4680-4687. [PMID: 11671191 DOI: 10.1021/ic9904384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The preparation, crystal structures, and variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data for two dithiosquarate-bridged copper(II) complexes of formulas [Cu(2)(bpca)(2)(1,2-dtsq)(H(2)O)].2H(2)O (1) and [Cu(2)(bpca)(2)(1,3-dtsq)].2H(2)O (2) (where bpca = the bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)amide anion, 1,2-dtsq = dianion of 3,4-dimercapto-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione, and 1,3-dtsq = dianion of 3-hydroxy-4-mercapto-2-thioxo-3-cyclobuten-1-one) are reported herein. 1 and 2 crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P&onemacr;, with a = 9.3243(4) Å, b = 10.9036(5) Å, c = 15.5432(4) Å, alpha = 90.276(2) degrees, beta = 100.009(2) degrees, gamma = 94.139(2) degrees, and Z = 2 for 1 and a = 7.656(2) Å, b = 9.351(3) Å, c = 11.587(2) Å, alpha = 109.02(2) degrees, beta = 97.40(2) degrees, gamma = 110.27(2) degrees, and Z = 1 for 2. Their structures consist of the neutral dithiosquarate-bridged copper(II) units [Cu(2)(bpca)(2)(1,2-dtsq)(H(2)O)] (1) and [Cu(2)(bpca)(2)(1,3-dtsq)] (2) and water molecules of crystallization. The copper environment is distorted square pyramidal CuN(3)SO in both compounds. Bpca acts as a tridentate end-cap ligand with its three nitrogen atoms occupying three of the four basal positions. 1,3-Dithiosquarate adopts a centrosymmetric bis-bidentate bridging mode with the sulfur atom filling the fourth equatorial position around each copper atom and the oxygen at the apical site. 1,2-Dithiosquarate acts also as a bridging ligand but in an asymmetrical manner, chelating through the two sulfur atoms at one copper atom and unidentate through one sulfur at the other copper atom. The bridging sulfur occupies one equatorial position at a copper atom and the apical site at the other one. The metal-metal separations through the extended 1,2- and 1,3-dtsq bridges are 5.1654(8) and 7.212(3) Å, respectively. The exchange pathways accounting for the intermediate ferro- (1, J = +32.4 cm(-)(1)) and antiferromagnetic (2, J = -33.5 cm(-)(1)) couplings (H = -JS(A).S(B)) observed in these dithiosquarate-bridged compounds are analyzed and discussed in the light of density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Castro
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of the first structurally characterized 1,2-dithiocroconato-containing Cu(II) complex, [Cu(bpca)(H2O)]2[Cu(1,2-dtcr)2]·2H2O. Inorganica Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(96)05232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Calatayud ML, Castro I, Sletten J, Cano J, Lloret F, Faus J, Julve M, Seitz G, Mann K. Coordination Modes of the 1,3-Dithiosquarate (1,3-dtsq) Ligand. Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of [Ni(tren)(1,3-dtsq)(H2O)] and [Ni2(tren)2(1,3-dtsq)](ClO4)2 [tren = Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine]. Inorg Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ic951393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Calatayud
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química de la Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Castro
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química de la Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jorunn Sletten
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química de la Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Juan Cano
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química de la Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Francesc Lloret
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química de la Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Juan Faus
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química de la Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Julve
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química de la Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Seitz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química de la Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Mann
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química de la Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain, Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Szczepura LF, Galloway CP, Zheng Y, Han P, Rheingold AL, Wilson SR, Rauchfuss TB. C4S62: ein Bis(dithiolato)-Brückenligand für die Herstellung von anorganischen Halbleiterpolymeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mutarelli S, Santos P. Resonance Raman effect of the tetrathiosquarate ion: another example of Jahn—Teller mode enhancement. J Mol Struct 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(92)80221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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